Industrial Revolution

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Industrial Revolution

• Global 10 Honors
• Chapter 10

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Focus Questions

• What was the Industrial Revolution?
• Where did it begin?
• What were the results, problems and solutions?

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Why England? Long Range Causes

• Agricultural Revolution
• Crop rotation- Expansion of Farmland
• Good weather
• New crops- potato
• Farmers raised sheep and cattle
• New machines reaper and Thresher
• Enclosure Movement- forced many peasants to move
  to towns, creating a labor supply

• Significance
• Ordinary citizens could buy manufactured goods
• Population Increase
• People living longer why?
• More babies surviving
• Why?

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Why England? Immediate Causes

• New inventions
• labor
• Natural resources rivers for power and
  transport, coal and Iron
• Entrepeneurs
• Capital to invest
• Existence of markets colonial empire
• Laissez-faire economy

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Industrial Revolution

• Is the change that took place in the means of
  production.
• Begins 1750
• Change from home to factory and from hand to
  machine (cottage Industry)
• 1750-1870 First Industrial Revolution (water,
  steam)
• 1870- today Second IR (electricity)
• Is there a 3rd?

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Characteristics of the Industrial Revolution

• Many types of complicated power driven machinery
  used
• Large scale use of coal and iron steel
• Businessmen set up buildings called factories
  used to carry on production
• Population of cities grew rapidly Urbanization
• Division between owners and workers
• Division of labor introduced for more efficient
  production

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Characteristics of the Industrial Revolution

• New technology made possible increase in
  production at a low price for a wide market
• Swifter and more efficient means of
  transportation ( steamboats, autos, planes) and
  communication (telegraph, computers) were
  developed
• Scientific principles were applied to solve
  practical problems in manufacturing and
  distribution

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Immediate Effects

• Population explosion
• Rapid growth of cities
• Development of new financing strategies and
  international economy
• Industrial Capitalism
• Rise of a powerful middle class - bourgeoisie
• Railroad
• Use of child labor

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Long Range Effects

• Labor reform and labor unions
• Growth of democracy
• Rise of socialism
• Romanticism in literature, art, and music
• Realism in literature and art

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Problems..

• Long hours
• Low wages
• Unsafe conditions
• Unsanitary conditions
• Child labor
• slums

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Results of the Industrial Revolution

• Political
• Power in government passes to the middle class
  and eventually the workers universal suffrage
• Arises a need for government regulation to
  protect consumers and workers
• Child labor laws
• Anti-trust laws
• Imperialism and Nationalism
• Rise of labor unions, collective bargaining and
  STRIKE

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Results

• Social
• Increase in population
• Urbanization
• Women and children crowd the labor markets,
  willing to work for low wages
• Problems
• Loss of identity, monotony, slums
• Deadliness of workplace
• Benefits
• Improved status of women
• More leisure time
• 15 hr day to 8 hr day
• Free public education

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Results

• Economic
• Corporation, stockholders
• Capital
• Monopolies which could control prices,
  wages,hours and working conditions
• Unemployment caused by overproduction and under
  consumption
• factory system mass production, assembly line
• Standard of living rose