TEETH

1
TEETH

• Begin the process mechanical digestion (breaking
  the food down into smaller more manageable
  pieces) to assist in swallowing
• chopping, tearing and grinding)

2
TONGUE

• plays the role of moving
• the food around the mouth
• papillae (upper surface of the tongue, house the
  taste buds that allow us to taste food)

3
UVULA

• hanging from the middle of the back edge of the
  soft palate which prevents food from entering the
  pharynx during swallowing

4
SALIVA

• clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the
  salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth
• moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of
  starches
• assist in the chemical process of digestion

5
BOLUS

• round mass of food that has been chewed to the
  point of swallowing

6
ESOPHAGUS

• Tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach
• approximately 24 cm long lined with circular and
  longitudinal muscles which work to move food down

7
PERISTALSIS

• symmetrical contraction of muscles which
  propagates in a wave down the esophagus to help
  propel food through the digestive tract)

8
STOMACH

• Muscular J shaped organ in which food is
  temporarily stored while further chemical and
  mechanical digestion takes place
• walls are folded to allow distension
• lined by gastric glands which secrete gastric
  juices which aid in chemical digestion (HCl,
  salts, enzymes, water and mucous) stimulated by
  the presence of food
• mucous protects the surface of the stomach from
  the acidic gastric juice
• 3 layers of muscle that relax and contract to
  churn stomach contents

9
CHYME

• thick liquid of partially digested food mixed
  with gastric juices

10
CARDIAC SPHINCTER

• muscular valve at the junction of the esophagus
  and the stomach
• controls the backflow of stomach contents back
  into the esophagus

11
PYLORIC SPHINCTER

• (muscular valve at the lower end when closed
  helps keep the food in the stomach)

12
SMALL INTESTINES
13
DUODENUM
(the first part of the small intestine C
shaped)
14
JEJUNUM
follows the duodenum, approximately 2.5m long,
contains many more folds than the duodenum
15
ILEUM
3m long, functions to absorb nutrients and to
push undigested food into the large intestine
16
VILLI
(tiny finger like projections that increase the
surface area)
17
MICROVILLI
(each villi is in turn covered with many fine
brush like microvilli that further increase the
surface area)
18
LARGE INTESTINE

• absorb nearly 90 of water from the alimentary
  canal
• contains anaerobic bacteria to help digest
  undigested material
• leftover material is referred to as feces which
  is pushed by muscular contractions into the
  rectum

19
CECUM
the cavity in which the large intestine begins
and into which the ileum opens "the appendix is
an offshoot of the cecum
20
APPENDIX
finger like projection at the end of the cecum
no known function
21
ACENDING, TRANSVERSE AND DESCENDING COLON
ASCENDING COLON - part of the large intestine
that ascends from the cecum to the transverse
colon TRANSVERSE COLON - part of the large
intestine that extends across the abdominal
cavity and joins the ascending to the descending
colon DESCENDING COLON - part of the large
intestine that descends from the transverse colon
22
RECTUM, ANAL CANAL AND ANUS
RECTUM - the final part of the alimentary canal
where waste is stored before being eliminated
ANAL CANAL - the terminal part of the large
intestine ANUS - the excretory opening at the
end of the alimentary canal
23
SALIVARY GLANDS
PAROTID GLAND - the largest of the salivary
glands located slightly below and in front of the
2 ears a duct connects the gland to the oral
cavity produces the majority of
saliva SUBLINGUAL GLAND - small salivary glands
located under the tongue that secrete saliva
directly into the mouth through a series of
pores SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND -pair of glands located
beneath the jaw which connect by a duct to the
oral cavity
24
LIVER
Located in the right upper quadrant just below
the diaphragm Produces bile, an alkaline
substance which aids in digestion of fats acting
as an emulsifying agent (breaks fat down into
smaller particles that are more readily
absorbed) Some of the bile drains directly
into the duodenum
25
LIVER

• Numerous function detoxification, production of
  bile (aids in digestion of fats), store glycogen
  break down RBC,
• Only internal human organ capable of
  regeneration

26
GALLBLADDER
Stores and concentrates bile produced by the
liver and releases it through the common bile
duct to the duodenum. Humans can live without a
gallbladder
27
PANCREAS
Glandular organ producing several important
hormones, including insulin (use to move glucose
from the blood into tissues) and glucagon (used
to mobilize glucose from the tissues to the
blood) Secretes pancreatic juice containing
digestive enzymes that pass to the small
intestine.