?? ?????: ????????, ??????? ??? ?????? (??), ?????????? ???????????? ????????, ????????????????? ?????.

1
?????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????

• ????? 2.
• ????????? ??????? ?? ??

2

• ????????
• ???????
• ????? ???????????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ???????
  ??????
• ????? ??????
• ?????????? ?? ???????? ? ????????
• ?????????? ????????????
• ????????????? ?????????????

3
???? ???????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ??

• ???????? ???????????????? ???????????? ??????,
  ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???
  ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??
• ?? ????? ????????, ??????? ??? ?????? (??),
  ?????????? ???????????? ????????,
  ????????????????? ?????.
• ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????, ????? ??? ??????,
  ??????????? ? ?????????? ??????????.

4
???????

• ????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????
• ????????-?????????????? ??????????
• (Systemic Functional grammar - SFG) M.A.K.
  ????????
• (??????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????
  ?????????????? ?????????? ? ????????
  ??????????????? ??????????? - ????? ?. ?????????)
• ? ????? 80?? ????????? ??????????? ?????
  PENMAN
• ? ????? 90?? ????? - ????????????? ????? KPML
  (http//purl.org/net/kpml)

5

• ? ???????? 90?? ?????
• ????? ???????????
• ????????????? ????????? (???),
• (??????, ??????????????, ????????)
• ????? ???? ??????????? ?? ?? ??????
  ?????-?????????? ? ????????? ??
• ??????? FoG (?????? ? ?????? 90?? ?????) -
  ????????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????
  ?? ??????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????
  ????????????????? ??????.

6

• Special Interest Group on GENeration (SIGGEN)
• http//www.cs.columbia.edu/acl/.
• ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????
  ??? (The John Bateman and Michael Zock's list of
  Natural Language Generation Systems,
  http//purl.org/net/nlg-list)

7
????????????? ????????
 
 

• ?? ?????? ???????? 70?? ????? ??????????
  ?????????? ???????????? ?.?.???????????? ??
  ???????? ???????????? ??????????
• ?.?.?????? ??????? ? ??? ?? ???????????? ?????
  (??????, 1987 ?.)

8
???????? ???????????? ???????

• ?????? ????????,
• ????? ????????,
• ??????????

9
????????????? ?????????? 80-90?

• ?.?.????????? - ????????? ?????????? ? ??????????
  ??????? (??) ?????????????? ??????
• ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????
  (??????? ????? ? 30 ?????????),
• ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????????
• ?.?????, ?.?.???????? - ????????????? ?????????
  AGILE (??????? ?????)
• ????????, ?.?.???????? ????????? ???????? ? ??

10
???????? ??????????? ??????

• 1. ????????? ???????
• ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????, ??????,
  ???????? ? ??????????? ??????????, ???????
  ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????????,
  ???????????????? ????????? ??????.
• ????????, ???????, ???????? ????????? ?
  ????????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????, ?????
  ???????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????(?)!.
  
• ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????
  ???????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????
  ????????????? ??????

11
?????? 1. ??????? Employee Appraiser
(????????????? ????? Austin-Haynes)

• ???????, ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????
  ?????????????? ?? ???????????.
• ????? ????????? ???, ????? ???, ???????,
• ????? ??????????? ???????, ????????, ??????
  ????? ??????
• ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????????,
  ??????????????? ???? ????? ? ????????
• ?????????, ?????????? ?????????????, ????????,
  ??? ??????????, ???? (????????, ????? ?? ??????
  ???? (??) ????????? ?????? ??????????, ????? ?
  ??????? ???? (?? / ???) ?????????????)

12
Performance Now (????????????? ?????
KnowledgePoint)

• ???????????? ????????? ?????? ? ??????? ????,
  ???? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????
  ? ???????????
• Bert does not display the verbal communication
  skills required, and his written communications
  fall short of the quality needed. Additionally,
  he does not exhibit the listening and
  comprehension skills necessary for satisfactory
  performance of his job.
• ????? ????????? ?? 3-? ????, ?????????? ??
  ??????????, ????????? ???????????? ?????. ?
  ?????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????????? ??
  ??????? ?? ????????????

13
?????? ????????? ?????? ? 09

• ???????
• ???___ ??
• ? ??? ??? Z X ? ?. ?? ?????? ?????? ?????
  ???????? ? (??? ?)?
• ? ????????? ?? ? ? ?.?.

?????????, ?????????? ????????? ? ?????????????
??????? ????? ???????
???? ??????? Ok
??? ??????? ????????
????? ?
????????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????
14
????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????

• ?????????? ??????? ELIZA (1966 ?.).
• ???? ??????
• ?????, - ??????????? ???????, ????????,
  ???????????,
• ????? - ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ???????
  ????????????, ????????, ?????????? ??? ? ?????
  ????? (??? ??????? ?? ????? ????),
• ???????????? ?? ??????????? ????????
  ???????-??????????????? ??????? ???????
  ???????????? (?????? ? ??? ????????? ?????????
• ????????, ?????? X he Y me (Because he hates
  me.) ? ??? ?????????????? ??????? Why do you
  think he hates you? Supose he did hate you? )

15
????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????
???????

• ??????? ??????
• ??????????????? ????
• ?????? ????????
• ???????? ????????????? (??????? ????????)

16
??????????????? ?????? ?????????????

• ?????????????? ???????,
• ????????????? ???????,
• ???????????? ???????,
• ?????????????? ???????
• ????????? ??????? (quote)

17
???????? ?????

• ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ???
  ?????????????????.

???? ?????? (??. ?????? ?????????, ????????,
A-box ? ??????? AGILE

• ???????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????????????.

?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????
??????, ???????? ????????????? ????? ???????????,
????????, ????????????? SPL ? ??????? AGILE

• ???????? ??????????

??????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?
???????????? ? ??? ???????????????? ??????????
????????????? ? ?? ???????????, ? ????? ? ?????
??. ???????????? ????? ?????? ? ????????????
???????? ?????. ????? ? ?????????? ???????????
???. XII.
18
??????????? ?????????? ???????

• ? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ???
  ???????, ??????? ?? ????? ?????????.
• ?? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??????
  ??????? ??????.
• ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ? ???????
• ????????, ? ??????? TEXT ?????????? ??? ??????
  (??????????????? ????), ? ??????? AGILE
  ?????????? ????? ??????, ??????????? ???
  ??????????? ????????, ??? ? ??? ?????????? ??????
  (?????? ????????).

19
???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??

• ????? ??????,
• ?????????? ?? ???????? ? ????????,
• ?????????? ????????????
• ????????????? ?????????????.

20
????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????

• ????? ?????? - ?????????? ????????? ???
  ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????
  ???????? ??? ???????, ?????????? ?????
  ???????????? ??????? ???????.
• ????????, ????????????????? (??????),
  ??????????????? (????????? ?????????), ??????????
  (???????? ??????) ? ??.
• ?????????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????,
  ?????????, ???????? ?????????.
• ??? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ??? ????????
  ???????? ? ???? ?? ????????????.
• ????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ???????,
  ??????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???.

21
????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????.
??????? ??????

• FoG (1989-2000)
• (Bateman, J. A. Anabling technology for
  multilingual natural language generation the
  KPML environment. In Natural Language
  Engineering, 1997, 1(1). Goldberg, E., Driedgar,
  N., and Kittredge, R. Using natural-language
  processing to produce weather forecasts. IEEE
  Expert, 1994, 9(2) 45-53.)
• ??????? ??????????? ????????????????? ?????? ?
  ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????????
  ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? (???????????
  ? ???? ?????, ??????????? ? ??.) ?? ?????????? ?
  ??????????? ??????
• ? ????????? ????? ??????? FoG ??????? ???????????
  ? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ? ?????????
  ????????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??
  ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????
  ??????????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????????

22
????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????.
??????? ??????

• ANA (1983)
• ??????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?
  ????????? ????? (????? ??????, ????????? ??
  ?????? ???????? ?????, ????????? ??????? ???
  ?????? ? ?.?.) ?? ????????? ??????? ??????
  ???????? ????? ?? ????.

23
????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????.
??????? ??????

• PostGraphe (1996)
• ??????????? ????????? ?????? ? ??????? ????????
  ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????????? ?????????
  ?????????? ? ???????
• De 1987 à 1989 les profits de la compagnie A ont
  augmenté de 30 á 40. Jusquen 1990 ils ont
  diminué de 40 á 35.
• De 1987 à 1988 les profits de B ont augmenté de
  160 á 165. Pendant 1 année ils ont diminué de
  25. Jusquen 1990 ils ont augmenté de 140 á
  155.

24
Gossip (1988)
????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????.
??????? ??????

• ??????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??
  ????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??
  ????????? ??????? ??????
• ?????? ??????, ???????????? ???????? Gossip
• The system was used for 7 hours 32 minutes 12
  seconds. The users of the system ran compilers
  and editors during this time. The compilers were
  run six times, for 47 of the cpu time. The
  editors were run twelve times, for 53 of the cpu
  time. Two users, Jessie and Martin, logged on to
  the system. Jessie used the system for 63 of the
  time in use. Martin used the system for 40 of
  the time in use.

25
????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??
???????? ? ????????

• ??? ? ? ?????? ??????, ?? ??????? ?????? ????
  ?????????? ?? ???????? ? ????????
  ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????
  ????????, ?????????, ???????? ?????????.
• ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????????? ??? ????????
  ???????? ? ???? ?? ????????????.
• ??????, ??? ????? ????? ????????????????? ???.
• ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????????
  ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??? ??????????
  ???????????.

26
????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??
???????? ? ????????. ??????? ??????

• TEXT 30 (1980-1985)
• (McKeown K ???????? ?. (1989) ????????????
  ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????????
  ????? // ???. ???. XXIV. M, 1989. C. 311-356. )
• ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ?
  ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????????
  ????????? ? ????????? ??????????. ? ????????
  ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??
  ?????????? ?????. ? ??????????? ?? ???? ???????
  ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????
  ???????????, ???????? ??? ?????????.

27
????????? ?? ??????? Text
28
????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??
???????? ? ????????. ??????? ??????

• Caption Generation System (1998) ?????????
  ??????? ? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????.
  ?????? ???????? ???????
• These charts show information about house sales
  from data set PGH-23. In the two charts, the
  X-axis shows the selling prices. The top chart
  emphasizes the relationship between the number of
  rooms and the selling price. The bottom chart
  emphasizes the relationship between the lot size
  and the selling price.

29
????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??
???????? ? ????????. ??????? ??????

• M-PIRO (2001-2003) ????????????? ???????
  ?????????, ????????????? ???????? ????????
  ?????????? ?? ??????????, ?????????, ???????????
  ? ????????? ??????.
• Artequakt (2002) ??????? ????????? ?????????
  ?????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??
  ?????????. ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??
  ?????????? ?????.
• Demosthenes (2002) - ??????? ????????? ????????
  ???????, ??? ? ????????? ?????, ??? ? ???
  ???????. ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????????
  ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?
  ?????????? ?? ??? ???.
• ??? ??????? ????????????? ??? ????????????
  ???????????, ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????
  ???????? ????.

30
????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??
???????? ? ????????. ??????? ??????

• ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? XEplainer
  (2001), ????????????? web-????????
• ?? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????, ??????????? ??
  ??????, ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????
  ???????? ???????????, ?????????,
  ??????????????????. ???????????? ???????? ??????
  ???????? ??????, ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????
  ????????. ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????
  ?????? ???????? ????? ????, ????????,
  ?????????????? ??? ????, ???????? ???????????? ?
  ????. ????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????????
  ???? ??????, ????????, ?????? ?????? ????????? ?
  ????? ?? ?????? ????????. ? ???????? ??????????
  ???????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????,
  ????????? ????????.

31
????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????????
????????????

• Integrated Software and On-Line Documentation
  Environment (ISOLDE) (1992-2002)
• ?????, ??????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ????????
  ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ? ???
  ????????????.
• (http//www.cmis.csiro.au/iit/Projects/Isolde/inde
  x.htm).
• ModelExplainer (1997) ?????????? ?????????
  ???????? ???????? ????????-????????????????
  ????????????? ??????, ?????????? ?? ???????????
  ??????? RationalRose ? Visio (http//www.cogentex
  .com/research/modex/index.shtml).
• ??????? ????? ??????? ????????????
  HTML-???????????, ????????? ???????? ???????
  ??????? ???????????? ????????.
• Proverb (1996-2000) ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????
  ?????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????????,
  ????????????? ??????????? ???????? OMEGA
  (????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????).

32
????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????????
?????????????

• AGILE 26 (2000) ?????, ????????? ??????????
  ?????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ??????.
• (??????????? ??????????, ??????? ? ??????? ?????)
• ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ? ???
• ????????? ??????? PLINE.
• Windows ???????? ????? Poliline ? ???????
  Poliline ?? ?????? ???????????? Draw.
• DOS/Unix ???????? ????? Poliline ? ???? Draw.
• 1. ????????? ???????.
• ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ? ???????
  ???????? ????? ???????.
• 2. ????????? ????.
• ????????? ? ????? Arc.
• ??????? ??????? a. ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????
  ???? Arc mode confirmation. ??????? ?????? ?? ?
  ?????????? ???? Arc mode confirmation. ??????????
  ???? Arc mode confirmation ???????? ? ??????.

33

• SUREGEN-2 (2002) ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????
  ??????????? ????????????, ????? ??? ??????????,
  ?????? ? ???? ???????? ? ???????????. ?
  ??????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?
  ???????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ? ??????????
  ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ??? ?????.
• MDA (Multilingual Document Authoring) (2000)

34
??????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????
?????????
35
????? ????? ???????? ????????? (Bateman Zock
2001)
36
??????????? ??????? ?????????

• ???????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ???
  ????? ????????????????? ?????????? ?????????
  ??????,
• ????????????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????
  ?
• ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????
  ?????? ??????????? ????????????????
  ??????????????? ???????????. ? ??????????
  ???????? ????????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ?????
  ??????????? ????????? ????,
• ?????????? ?????????????, ?? ??????? ????????????
  ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????
  (PDF, HTML ? ?.?.) ??? ???????????? ?????????
  ?????? ????.

37
??????????? ??????? ?????????

• ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ???????????
  ????????????? ???? ??? ?????? (??), ??? ?
  ????????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??
  ?????, ? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????
  ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????.
• ? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ? ???????? ??,
  ??????? ?????? ? ?????????? ??????. ?? ??????
  ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ???? ???????? ?
  ???? ????????????? ????????? ? ???????????????,
  ?.?. ?????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???
  ??????.
• ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????, ? ?????????,
  ? ??????????? ?? ???????? ? ???????? ???????????
  ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??????.

38

• ????????????? ????????????? ??????
• ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? -
  ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????,
  ??????????? ? ???????????? ?? ???????????
  ?????????? ??????? (??) ?? ???????? ? ?????????
  ??.
• ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????
  ?????????, ???????????? ????????? ? ????? (?
  ?????????, ???????????? ?????????)
• ????????? - ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ?
  ????????? ? ??????????? ??,
• ????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? (?
  ?????????, SPL)
• ????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????
  ??????????? ??????

39
?????????????????

• ???????? ???? ????? ?????????????????
• ???????????? ???? ??????.
• ????????????
• 1. ??????? ??????.
• ?????????? ????????? ????????????????? ??????? ??
  ???? ??????? ??????. ???? ??? ???????????? ?
  ???? ????? ??????, ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????
  ?????????????? ??????, ????????, ?????????, ??
  ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????
  ??????, ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ? ????????
  ???????, ? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ? ??????.

40
?????????????????

• 2. ??????????????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ??????
• ??? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?
  ?????????? ??????.
• ??????????????? ???? (????????, ???????,
  ??????????, ?????????, ? ??) ?????????? ???
  ?????? ???????? (? ??? ????? ? ?????
  ?????????), ???????????, ??????????, ? ??., ?
  ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????
  ????????, ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????.
• ? ???????? ??? ???? ? ??? ?????? (? ??? ??????,
  ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????
  ???????) ???????? ?????????????.

41
?????????????????

• 3. ?????? ?????????? ??????? (???) ??????????
  ???? ???????? ??, ? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????????
  ? ?????????, ? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?
  ??????. ? ?.?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??
  ????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?
  ?????? ?????, ??????? ????? ???????????? ?
  ????????????? ??????????, ?????????????? ?????
  ????????????? ???? ? ??????? ????????? ?????????
  ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??

42
?????????????????

• 4. ???????????? ????????? ??????? ????????
  ?????????? ??????????. ??? ?????????? ??????????
  ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????
  ??????????????? ???? ? ?????????? ?????????
  ??????? ?????? ? ???????????? ? ???????????
  ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?
  ?????? ??????????.

43
?????????????????

• ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????
  ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????
  ????????, ? ??????, ??????? ????????????????
  ????????, ???????????? ?? ??????, ??????? ??
  ???????? ?????????, ????? ???? ?????, ? ?????
  ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ??? ? ????????

44
??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????????
????? ??????

• ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?????????. ??? ?????????
  ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????????????
  ????????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ??????????.
  ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ?
  ????????????? (?????????, ????????? ???????
  ?????) ??????? ??????. ???????? ????????????????
  ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????
  ??? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????,
  ?????????? ?? ????????? ??.

45
1) ??????? ?????? 1) ??????? ?????? 1) ??????? ?????? 2) ??????? ?? 2) ??????? ?? 3) ????????? -
????? ????. ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ????. ????? wind 15-20 southwest diminish to wind light southwest
7 a.m. 235 17 15-20 southwest wind 15-20 southwest diminish to wind light southwest
9 a.m. 231 21 15-20 southwest wind 15-20 southwest diminish to wind light southwest
wind 15-20 southwest diminish to wind light southwest
9 p.m. 280 12 light (west) wind 15-20 southwest diminish to wind light southwest
10p.m. 307 11 light (northwest) wind 15-20 southwest diminish to wind light southwest
11p.m. 182 8 light (south) wind 15-20 southwest diminish to wind light southwest
12p.m. 246 10 light (southwest) wind 15-20 southwest diminish to wind light southwest
??????? ????????? ????? ??????, ?????????? ?? ?
???????? ?? ? ? ????? ????????? ? ??????? FoG
46
???.3. ?????????, ?????????? ? ???? ???????
???????-????????, ??? ??????? ?????-??????,
????????, ?????? ????? ????????-?????????
???????????? ?? ??????? ? 10 ????? ????. ?
????????? ?? ???.3 ???????????? ????????? ?????
??????????? ??????, ??????????? ???????? ?????
????????-?????????, ??????? ? 10 ????? ????.
47
?????????????? ?????????????

• ??????? ?? ???????? ? ????????? ??. ??? ????????
  ????? ????????? 1) ??????????? ????????? ???
  ??????? ?? ???????? ????????????? 2)
  ???????????? ??????? ?????? ? ????????? ????????

48

• ???????????? ?????????????
• ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????
  ?????? ?????????????? ? ?????? ????????????
  ???????? RST (Rhetorical Text Structure) Mann
  and Thompson, 1988.
• ???????????? ????????????? - ??? ??????
  ???????????? ??????, ???????????? ???????
  ???????? ?????????.
• ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????
  ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????
  ??????. ?????????? ??????? ?????????????
  ????????????? ?????????, ??? ?????????
  ????????????? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ? ??????
  ????????????? ???????????, ????????, ???????,
  ????, ??????????????????, ?????????, ??????????,
  ?????????? ? ?.?.
• ????? ? ???????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? 45
  ?????????. ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????
  ???? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????
  (nucleus) ? ?????????????? (satellite)
• ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????
  ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ???????
  ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ??
  ???????????.

49
???? ??????

• ??????????? ?????????, Hovy 1993 ? Paris
  1993
• ????????????? ?????

50
?????? ??????????? ?????????? Sacerdoti 1977

• ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? (????????,
  ??????? ?????? ???? ??????), ? ???????????? ??
  ??????? ???????????? (??????????), ???????? ? ???
  ?????????? ?????? (????? ?????????? ????????????,
  ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????????
  ???????????? ????). ? ???????? ??????
  ???????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????,
  ??????????????? ??????, ????????????
  ?????????????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????
  ????.

51
????????????? ?????

• ?????? ????? ??? ??????, ??????? ??????????,
  ??? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????,
  ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???
  ?????????, ? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????
• ???????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ????????
  ?????? ??????????????? ???? ???? ????????
  ??????????? ??? ????? ???? ? ??? ?? ???
  ?????????? ? ????? ? ??? ?? ???????
• ? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????????
  ????????? ??????? ? ???????? (?????, ???
  ?????????, ????????, ??????, ?????????, ????,
  ?????, ?????????????, ?????????????? ? ??.)

52
?. ???????? ??????? TEXT McKeown 1985.

• ??????? ?????? ? ??????? TEXT
• ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????
  ??????-???????? ????? (Office of Naval Research
  (ONR)) ?? ??????? ???????? ? ????????, ??????????
  ?? ?????? ????????? ? ????????? ???? Chen, 1976
• ?? ?????? ????????????, ??????? ????????? ???? ??
  ???? ??????????????? ????? ??????????, ???????
  ??? ????????,
• ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??, ??????????? ???
  ??????????? ??????.
• ??????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ?????????????
  ??????? ?????????????, ???????, ??????????????,
  ????????? ? ?????????????????? (??????????? ?
  ?????????????? ??????????, ??????????? ??
  ??????????? ???? ????????? (ATN) Woods 1970)

53
?????????? ?????? ????????, ???????????? ?? ?????
?????? (???????, 1989)

• ??????? ? ????????????? ???????. ??????
  ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????.
  ????????? ????????????? (????????? ?????????)
  ?????? ? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??
  27 ?? 45 ????? ? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? 4000 ??
  25 000 ?????. ????????? ?????? ?
  ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????
  ????????????????, ????????? ?????????????
  (????????? ?????????) ?? ?? ?????????
  ????????????? ?????, ???????????? ????????
  ??????? ???????.

54
????-???????????? ??????????? ?????????

• ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??
  ??????????? ???????. ????? ???????? ?????
  ??????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????
  ????????????? ?????? ???????, ?????????, ??????
  ? ?????????? ????????????. ?? ?????? ????????????
  ????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ???????
  ????? ????????????. ? ???????? ?????????????
  ???????? ?????? ????????????? (?????)
  ???????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????
  ??????????????? ?????????????.
• ? ??????? TEXT ?????????????? ??????????????
  ??????? ??????? Sinder 1979

55
??????? ???????, ????????????? ??
?????????????????? ?? ????????????? ???
?????????? ???????????? ??????

• ??????????? ????? ?? ??????, ?????????? ?
  ?????????????? ????????????
• ????????? ?????
• ????????? ? ???? ??????????????? ??????????
• ??????? ????????????, ??????? ?????????? ?????
  ??????????? ?????? ? ??????????????
  ?????????????.

56
?????????????????

• ????????????? ?????????????

57
????????????? ????????????? ????? ???????????

• ???? SPL (Sentence Plan Language) Kasper 1989
• ????????????? SPL
• - ????????????? ????????, ?????? ?? ???????
  ?????????????? ? ????? ??? ???????????
  ?????????????? ??????
• - ?????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ?????
  ????????? ??? ????? (????????, actee,
  spatial-locating, ? ?.?.)
• - ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ?
  ?????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ???????
  ?????????

58
(s0 / study actor (Anni-Albers / female)
accompaniment (Martin-Brandenburg / male)
actee (x1 / art) temporal-locating (x2 /
three-d-time year 1916-1919)) ???. 1 ??????
????????????? SPL. ????????????? ? ???????
?????????? ????? ? 1916-1919 ???? ??????
??????? ????????? ? ??????? ????????????
59
?????? ?????????????????

• ????????? ????????? ?? ????????, ???????????????
  ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????
• ?????????????? ????????? ?????????, ?? ???? ?????
  ?????????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????????? ? ???
  ??????????. ????????????????? ??????????
  ?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????
• ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ???????????
  ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????????
  ?????????? ???????? ? ????????????? ??? ??
  ????????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???
  ?????????????? (???????????, ??????????? ?
  ?????????? ????????)

60

• ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????-??????????????
  ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????
  (????????? ? ?????????? ? ??????????) ?????????
  ????????????? ????????? ?????? Upper Model
• Upper Model (UM) ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????
  ??? ? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ??
  ????????? ??????????????? ??????????.
• ??????? ???????? ?????? Upper Model ????????????
  ? ???????? ? ???????? ?????????, ??????????? ??
  ????????? KPML.
• ????? ??????? ???????? Upper Model, ???????? ?
  ???? ????? 150 ???????. ????????????? ???????
  ??? ? ???????? Upper Model ????????? ????????
  ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????
  ??????????????? ??????????.

61
(No Transcript)
62
???? ????????? ??????????

• ??? ????????????? ????
• ????????-?????????????? ?????????? (SFG
  Halliday 1994, ??????????? ? ??????? KPML
  Bateman 1996),
• tree-adjoining grammars (TAG Danlos 2000,
  ??????????? ? ??????? TagGen)
• ?????? ?????-????? (MTM Melcuk 1988,
  ??????????? ? ??????? RealPro Lavoie and Rambow
  1997).