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Technological and Environmental Transformations

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Technological and Environmental Transformations to 600 BCE – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Technological and Environmental Transformations


1
Period 1
  • Technological and Environmental Transformations
  • to 600 BCE

2
Key Concept 1.1
  • Big Geography and the Peopling of the Earth

3
Origins of Early Humans
  • Early human development occurred during the
    Paleolithic Period
  • Origins in Africa
  • Hominids
  • Anatomically modern humans (homo sapiens sapiens)
    develop about 150,000 years ago
  • Begin migrations

4
Lucy http//www.answersingenesis.org/articles/am/v
2/n2/they-love-lucy
http//evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/IIE2c
Humanevop2.sht ml
5
Settlement of Australia Approximately 60,000
BCE Settlement of Eurasia Approximately 50,000
BCE Settlement of Americas Approximately 14,000
BCE
6
Life in the Paleolithic Period
  • Hunting-foraging
  • Nomadic
  • Small groups based on bonds of kinship
  • Relatively Egalitarian
  • Adaptation to local environment
  • Development of stone tools
  • Use of fire for cooking, warmth, and deterring
    predators

7
Life in the Paleolithic Period
  • No written language
  • Evidence of culture seen in cave paintings,
    artifacts, and human remains
  • Evidence of primitive, simple religion
  • Lack of developed material culture
  • Although groups were adapted to their specific
    environment, hunter-foragers did interact with
    each other and engage in exchange of ideas and
    goods

8
Key Concept 1.2
  • The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural
    Societies

9
The Neolithic Revolution
  • Neolithic New Stone Age
  • Began approx. 10,000 years ago
  • Use of stone tools for agricultural production
  • Most likely the result of climate change
  • Domestication of plant and animal species
  • See map on page 9 in textbook
  • First began in the Eastern Mediterranean

10
http//huberb.people.cofc.edu/ANTH2010120Huber's
20Introduction20to20Anthropology.html
11
Neolithic Revolution
  • Gradual process and dependent upon the geography
  • Not all societies develop agriculture
  • See map on page 9 of textbook.
  • Agricultural centers emerged in
  • Mesopotamia, the Nile River Valley, Sub-Saharan
    Africa, the Indus River Valley, the Yellow River,
    Papua New Guinea, Mesoamerica, and the Andes

12
Pastoralism
  • Emerged in grasslands (steppes)
  • Central Eurasia and parts of Africa
  • Animal husbandry
  • Mobile lifestyle
  • Wealth measured in livestock

13
Life in Agriculture Communities
  • Greater degree of complexity and cooperation
  • More reliable food sources
  • Population densities increase
  • Permanent settlements
  • Religion becomes more complex
  • Some matrilineal, others patrilineal
  • Trade developed between and among early
    agricultural settlements

14
http//www.americanneopaganism.com/ancientpagantim
eline.htm
http//howardbloom.net/reinventing_capitalism/
http//www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Catal_Hu
yuk
http//www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/ImageCa
talHoyukSouthArea.JPG
15
Impact on the environment
  • Dramatic impact on the environment
  • Erosion
  • Clearing of forests for farmland
  • Desertification
  • Overgrazing of pastureland

16
Impact of Neolithic Revolution
  • Increase in human population
  • Increase in disease
  • Craft specialization
  • Social Stratification
  • Patriarchy

17
Development of new Technologies
  • Technological innovations were developed to
    improve agricultural production, trade, and
    transportation
  • Key examples
  • Pottery
  • Plows
  • Woven textiles
  • Metallurgy
  • Wheels and wheeled vehicles

http//www.historiasiglo20.org/prehistory/pottery.
htm
18
Key Concept 1.3
  • The Development and Interactions of Early
    Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies

19
Rise of Civilization
  • Core and foundational civilizations emerged in
    the following
  • Mesopotamia
  • Egypt
  • Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
  • Shang China
  • Olmec
  • Chavin
  • Map quiz Students will take a quiz to identify
    the core and foundational civilizations.

20
http//www.unionparishschools.org/rivervalleyciv/i
nterest.htm
21
Mesopotamia
http//www.utexas.edu/courses/classicalarch/images
2/mapane.jpg
22
(No Transcript)
23
Egypt
http//www.iziko.org.za/sh/resources/egypt/images/
map_e1_l.gif
24
(No Transcript)
25
Indus River Valley Civilization
http//www.rivervalleycivilizations.com/indus.php
26
(No Transcript)
27
The Yellow River Valley CivilizationShang Dynasty
http//www.chinahighlights.com/image/map/ancient/s
hang-dynasty-map1.gif
28
(No Transcript)
29
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileChavin-small.png

http//theresaclarkintdis4.blogspot.com/2009/09/we
ek-6.html
30
(No Transcript)
31
State Building
  • State a sovereign political entity which
    contains a stable population, defined territory,
    and established government
  • Control over larger territory, population, and
    resources
  • Divine Right
  • Military

32
Competition and Technology
  • Competition for land and resources
  • Geography
  • Bronze
  • Iron
  • Horses
  • Chariots
  • Composite bows

http//www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Hyksos.aspx
33
Architecture and Urban Planning
34
Arts and Artisanship
35
Systems of Record Keeping
36
Law Codes
37
Religion
  • Polytheism Belief in many gods
  • Most common
  • Vedic Religion becomes basis of Hinduism
  • Monotheism Belief in one god
  • Hebrews
  • Zoroastrianism (Persian Empire)

38
Trade
  • Local, regional, and transregional trade
  • Exchange of goods, cultural ideas, and technology
  • Examples
  • Egypt and Nubia
  • Mesopotamia and Indus River Valley
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