????????S ??G????s ??. ??T?G???S

1
????????S ??G????s??. ??T?G???S
?T???? ??? ??????S?????? ??????S?????
?T??O? F??????????? ????? ?????S F??????G?OS??S

• S??????
• G????? S???????
• ?????? G??F?S
• ??????FOS? S?????O?
• ????S????????S
• ?F????G?S
• ?????S ???G?S

http//eclass.uoa.gr/courses/PHARM140/
2
S???a?a ???sµ??

• ?a s???a?a e??a? ????? s?stat??? ???? t?? ???t??
  ???a??sµ??.
• S???? ???µ????ta? ?dat????a?e? ?a? e??a?,
  ?e????te?a, p????d???????µ??e? e??se?? p??
  pe??????? ?a?ß?????? (a?de?d??? ? ?et?????).
• St?? ?d?a ?at?????a e?t?ss??ta? ?a? ta p?????ta
  ??e?d?s?? ? a?a????? t?? sa?????? (???????? ???a,
  p?????e?), ?a??? ?a? ta este????, a??e????, ?a?
  a??t???a pa?????? t??? (aµ???s???a?a).
• ?p? t?? ?e???? t?p? C?(H2O)?, sta a??????
  carbohydrate(s)

3
St??? f?t????? ???a??sµ??? apa?t??ta?

• sa? d?µ??? st???e?a st?????? (??tta???? ?a?
  ????? p???sa??a??te? t?? t????µ?t??)
• sa? e?e??e?a??? ap????e?, ?p? µ??f? p???µe???
  (?µ???) p?? ap????e???? t?? ???a?? e????e?a, ?
  ?p??a p??s?aµß??eta? µe t? d?ad??as?a t??
  f?t?s???es??
• sa? s?stat??? d?af???? µetaß???t?? ?????e???
  ???a, s??????µa, ?a??? ?a? ?p? t? µ??f?
  p???????µ?? ?????s?d??, ? ????? t?? ?p???? sp???a
  e??a? ap?saf???sµ????.
• sa? apa?a?t?ta p??d??µa µ???a ???? t?? ?p????p??
  µetaß???t?? s??µat????ta? ?at? t? d????e?a t??
  f?t?s???es?? ap? d???e?d?? t?? ????a?a ?a? ?e??
  ?a? ap?te???? t? ß?s? ??a t? s??µat?sµ? ???? t??
  ???a????? e??se?? t?? ???t?? ???a??sµ??.

4
?at?????e?

• ????sa??a??te? (? ap?? s???a?a) µe ?e???? t?p?
  C?(H2O)?, ta ?p??a ?a?a?t??????ta? ap? t??
  pa???s?a µ?a? a?de?d???? (a?d??e?) ? ?et??????
  ?a?ß?????µ?da? (?et??e?) ?a? ap? (?-1)
  ?d??????µ?de?. O a???µ?? at?µ?? ????a?a
  ??µa??eta? ap? t?e?? µ???? e???a, ?st?s? s??????
  e??a? p??te (pe?t??e?) ? ??? (e???e?).
• ?????sa??a??te? ?a? p???sa??a??te?, p??
  p???????ta? ap? s??d?asµ? pe??ss?te???
  µ???sa??a??t??, µ?s? t?? ?e??µe??? ?????s?d????
  desµ?? (ap??? ? a???e?? sa??a??te? ? ???s?de?) ?
  s??d?asµ? µ???sa??a??t?? µe ???e? µ? sa??a??d????
  e??se?? (s??e??µ???? sa??a??te? ? ete??s?de? ?
  et??s?d???? ?????s?de?)
• ta 2-des???- ?a? ?? 6-des???- s???a?a pe???????
  ?-2 ?d??????µ?de?, e?? ?p?????? ?a? ta
  2,6-d?des??? s???a?a
• glycoside -glucoside

5
???s?de?-?te??s?de?

• ?p??? ? a???e?? sa??a??te? ? ???s?de?
  p???????ta? ap? t? s??e??? µ???sa??a??t??.
  ??????a µe t?? a???µ? t?? d?µ???? µ???d??
  d?a??????ta? se ?????sa??a??te? (lt10 µ???de?)
  ?a? se p???sa??a??te? (gt10 µ???de?).
•  
• ?te??s?de? ? s??e??µ???? sa??a??te? e??a?
  ap?t??esµa s??µat?sµ?? desµ?? µeta?? e???
  sa?????? (µ???s?a??a??t? ? ?????sa??a??t? ?a?
  e??? µ????? µ? sa?????? (?e???? ? ??????).
• ?-?????s?d?? (p.?. ta ?????e?t?d?a).
• a???????? ? fa??????? ?d??????µ?da
  ?-?????s?d??. ?d? a???e? ? s??t??pt??? p?e????f?a
  t?? a?a???µ?t?? ete??s?d?? p?? ?a?a?t??????? t?
  f?t??? ßas??e?? (sap????e?, f?aß???e?d?,
  ?????a??a??e?d? ??p).
• ?p?s??, ?p?????? ?a? ?? C-?????s?de?, st???
  ?p????? ? desµ?? sa??????-?e????? d?µ?????e?ta?
  ap e??e?a? a??µesa se d?? ?t?µa ????a?a (a?????
  ap? t?? a???, f?aß???e?d? t?? pass?f???a ).
• ?????, ?? S-ete??s?de?, ?e????a d?µ??? a?????a
  t?? ?-ete??s?d??, ???st?? ?a? µe t?? ???µas?a
  ?????s?????d?a glucosinolates, ?a?a?t???????
  ???sµ??a f?t??? e?d?, ?d??? st?? ???????e?e?
  Brassicaceae ?a? Capparidaceae.

6
?????? G??F?S S?????O?
ß-D-???????
7
???µat?????a sa??????
? ???µas?a t?? sa?????? ßas??eta? st?? a???µ?
at?µ?? ????a?a t?? µ????? tet????, pe?t???,
e????, ept???, ?a? st? e?d?? t?? ?a?ß?????µ?da?
(p.?. ? D-??ß??? ?a? ? D-?????? e??a? a?d??e? e??
? D-??ß?????? ?a? ? D-????????? e??a? ?et??e?).
? a???µ?s? t?? at?µ?? ????a?a p?a?µat?p??e?ta?
µe afet???a t?? a?de?d??? ????a?a ?, st??
?et??e?, µe t??p? t?t??? ?ste ? ?et??????
????a?a? ?a f??e? t? µ????te?? a???µ?s?.
8
???a???e?-f???a???e??e?t??e?-e???e?
9
??????S? S? D/L

• ?? te?e?ta?? ??
• ???? ta de???
• D
• ?? te?e?ta?? ??
• ???? ta a??ste??
• L
• ???a??et?? ???sµ?? 1906 µe ß?s? t? ()
  ????e???a?de?d?
• ?St??f??? ??a??t?ta

10
??????s? se a/ß a??µe??
ß ???? ap? t? ep?ped? a ??t? ap? t?
ep?ped?
?s??e? ??a ta D-s???a?a
11
???p?? ??af?? a?a????d??????????-?s?µe????
d??ta??
?s?µe????
???????

• ?? ete????????? ??????? t?p??ete?ta? p?s? de???
  ?a? ? a??µe???? ??s? d?p?a t?? de???.
• ?? a??????? ?p??atast?te? t?p??et???ta? e?a????
  ???eta p??? ?a? ??t? ap? t? ep?ped? µe ?ate????s?
  p??? t? s?µe?? p?? de???e? ? ????a t??
  a?a????d??? st?? ?p??a s??d???ta?.
• ?? ?s?µe????? ?p??atast?te? s??d???ta? se ???e
  s?µe?? µe a?t??et? ?ate????s? ap? t??? a????????
  ?a? ???t????ta? de??? ? a??ste?? a?????a µe ta a?
  ß??s???ta? de??? ? a??ste?? t?? ?e?t????? ??aµµ??

12
??aµ??f?µe?? 1C4 - 4C1
4C1
1C4
1
1

• ??s? ? s?et??? ?s? ?a? ? ap???t? ste?e???µe?a
  st?? pa?ap??? d?µ?? e??a? ta?t?s?µ?. ?????
  ?s?µ??e?a d?aµ??f?s??.
• G?a ???e s???a?? ep???ate? d?af??et???
  d?aµ??f?µe??? µe ßas??? ???t???? ? ????d?ste???
  ?p??atast?t?? ?a e??a? se ?s?µe???? d??ta??
• G?a t? ß-D-??????? ep???ate? ? d?aµ??f?s? 4C1.
  ???a? ? p?? d?aded?µ??? d?µ??? µ???da st? f?s?
  ??at? ???? ?? ?p??atast?te? ????? ?s?µe????
  d??ta??

13
D/L se a??????d??
D/L se a??????d??
180?
S??s? ?at?pt???
4
1
ß-D-???????
ß-L-???????
??ast??f? se ??a ta as?µµet?a ???t?a
1
4C1 - 1C4
S?st?
4

• D ? ?p??atast?t?? t?? 6 ??s?? p??? ap? t?
  ep?ped?
• L ? ?p??atast?t?? t?? 6 ??s?? ??t? ap? t? ep?ped?

14
a/ß sta L s???a?a

• Sta L s???a?a ????µe a?t?st??f? t?? ?????a? a ?a?
  ß st?? a??µe???? ??s? µe t?? p???p??es? ?t? t?
  ete????????? ??????? ???feta? p?s? ?a? de??? µe
  t?? a??µe???? ??s? de??? d?p?a st? ???????

L-???????
a
ß
Sta L s???a?a ß ??t? ap? t? ep?ped? a
p??? ap? t? ep?ped?
15
?????????? F?????? ????S????????S

• ?e?t??e?
• ? D-??ß??? e??a? ????? s?stat??? ?e?????
  e??p??s?? (?????e??? ???a) ?a? ?? f?sf??????
  est??e? t?? ?at????? ?eµe???d? µetaß?????
  s?µas?a. ?? ?d?? ?s??e? ?a? ??a t?? a?t?st????
  ?et???, t?? D-??ß??????.
• ? L-a?aß????? ?a? ? D-?????? e??a? s?????sµ??a
  s?stat??? p???p????? p???sa??a??t??
  ?µ???tta???e? (??????????e?, ?????e?,
  ???????????????e?, a?aß????????e?,
  ??????????a?aß????????e?), p???sa??a??te?
  p??t????, ß????e? ?a? p???µe?? f?t??? e????µµata
  (??µµea). ?pa?t??ta? ep?s?? se d??f?????
  ete??s?de? ?????s?de?, ?????? fa?????????.

16
????e?

• ?? pe??ss?te?e? apa?t??ta? s?ed?? pa?t?? a?t?
  ?s??e? ??a t?? D-??????? ? t?? D-µa?????
  (ep?µe??? t?? D-???????? st?? C-2), ?a??? ep?s??
  ??a t?? D-?a?a?t???, ep?µe??? t?? D-???????? st??
  C-4. ?? ?a? ? ??????? apa?t?ta? t?s? e?e??e??,
  ?s? ?a? µ?sa se p???sa??a??t???? d?µ?? (?µ???,
  ??tta???? ?a? ???e? ??????e?), ta ep?µe?? t??
  st?? C-2 ?a? C-4 ?p?????? s?ed?? ap???e?st??? sa?
  p???µe?? (p.?. µa????e?, ?????- ?a?
  ?a?a?t?µa????e? t?? Fabaceae). ? D-?a?a?t???
  e??a? p?? ????? se µ??f? ete??s?d???? ?????s?d?
• ? ?et??? p?? a?t?st???e? st?? D-??????? ?a? t??
  D-µa????? e??a? ? D-f????t???. ?p???e? ?f???? se
  e?e??e?? µ??f? sta f???ta, e?? e??a? e??s??
  d?aded?µ??? ?a? sa? d?sa??a??t?? (sa??a????).
  ?pa?t?ta? ep?s?? se ?????sa??a??te?, p.?. se
  pa?????a sa??a????? µe ?a?a?t??? ?af?????,
  sta????? ?a? ?????te??? ?.?. ?µ????a µ???a. ?
  ?d?a ?et??? µp??e? ep?s?? ?a s??µat??e?
  ap????e?t??? p???µe??, t?? f????t??e? (???????e?,
  f?e???).
• St?? ?????µe?e?? ?a? p???µe?e?? d?µ??, ?
  D-f????t??? ß??s?eta? ?p? µ??f?
  ß-D-f????t?f???a?????, e?? st?? e?e??e??
  ?at?stas? e???e?ta? ? µ??f? ß-D-f????t?p??a?????,
  p?? e??a? p?? sta?e??. ?? ?p????pe? e???e? e??a?
  p?? sp???e? sta a??te?a f?t? (D-a?????, D-?d???).

17
?es???-s???a?a

• 2-des?????ß??? s?stat??? t?? DNA,
• sta f?t? ?????? s?µßa??e? µ?a ? d?? a????????e?
  ?µ?de? e??? sa?????? ?a ap?µa??????ta? µe
  a?a????, p.?. ?? 6-des???e???e? ?a? ??
  2,6-d?des???e???e?.
• 6-?es???e???e?. Se µe????? pe??pt?se?? ?????
  e??e?a e??p??s?, ?p?? ? L-?aµ????
  (6-des???-L-µa?????), ??a s?stat??? ete???e???
  p???sa??a??t?? ?a? a?a???µ?t?? ?????s?d??.
• ? L-f??????, ? ?p??a e??a? ? 6-des???-L-?a?a?t???,
  e??a? ?a?a?t???st??? sta p???µe?? ap? f???
  Phaeophyceae, ?a? se ???sµ??a ??µµea
  (t?a???a??a). ? D-????ß??? ( 6-des???-D-???????)
  e??a? t? sa??a??t??? tµ?µa t??te?pe?????
  ?????s?d?? ap? e?d? Cinchona.
• O??sµ??e? 6-des???e???e? apa?t??? sa?
  µe???est??e? ?a? e??a? ?a?a?t???st???? t??
  ?a?d??t???t???? ?????s?d??, ?p?? ? L-??ßet???
  (6-des???-3-?-µe????-L-???????) ?a? ?
  D-d???ta???? (6-des???-3-?-µe????-D-?a?a?t???).
• 2,6-??des???e???e?. Sta s???a?a a?t?, ta ?p??a,
  ?p?? ?a? ta p??????µe?a, s???? e??a? µe?????µ??a
  ?a? ?a?a?t???st??? t?? ?a?d??t???t????
  ?????s?d??, s?µpe???aµß??eta? ? D-d???t?????
  (2,6-d?des??? -D-a?????), ? L-??ea?d????
  (2,6-d?des???-3-?-µe????-L-µa?????) ?a? ?
  D-s?µa???? (2,6- d?des??? -3-?-µe????-
  D-a?????).

18
???????? ???a

• ?a ???????? ???a e??a? p?????ta ??e?d?s??
• e?????, µe t? d??s? e?d???? af?d?????as??, sta
  ?p??a ? p??t?ta??? ?d??????µ?da ??e? ??e?d??e? se
  ?a?ß?????µ?da.
• ?? D-???????????? ?a? t? D-?a?a?t???????? ???
  e??a? f?s???????? s?stat??? t?? p???sa??a??t??
  t?? t????µ?t?? (?d?a?te?a t?? p??t????), t??
  ß?e???? (p.?. a??a?a), ?a??? ?a? t?? pe??ss?te???
  p???sa??a??t???? f?s?? e????µµ?t?? (p.?. ??µµ?
  ste??????a?).
• ???a ???a, ????te?? ?????, e??a? ep?s?? s?stat???
  p???µe???, ?p?? t? D-µa?????????? ??? ?a? t?
  L-???????????? ???, ap? ta ?p??a p???????ta? ta
  a??????? ???a t?? ?????? Fucus.

19
?µ???s???a?a

• ?a aµ???s???a?a e??a? ?eµe???d? s?stat??? t??
  ßa?t???a??? p???sa??a??t??.
• ???s???ta? ?p? µ??f? p???µe??? sta a????p?da
  (??t?µa) ?a? sta µa?a??st?a?a ?a?????e?d?
  (??t???), e??a? s?stat??? t?? ??????
  ?????p??te???? ?a? e??a? pa???ta se ???sµ?????
  µ???te?
• Sp???a se a??te?a f?t? (p.?. ? 2-a?etaµ?d?-2-des??
  ?-D-??????? t?? ?????p??te???? ?a? t??
  ???????p?d???).

20
?????????? ????S????????S ?? F??????????? ???S?

• G??????
• ??????ta ?d????s?? aµ????
• F????t???
• ????GOG? ????S???????O? ?? F??????????? ???S?
• S??ß?t???
• ?a???t???
• ????t???
• ?s???ß??? ???

21
?. G??????

• ?? ?a? pa???sa se af????a se p???? f?t??? e?d?, ?
  ??????? de? pa?a?aµß??eta? µe e?????s? ??a
  eµp????? ???s?. ?a?as?e???eta? µe e???µat???
  ?d????s? t?? aµ????, µe s??d?asµ??? d??s? t??
  a-aµ???s?? ?a? t?? aµ????????s?d?s??.
• ???f?? ???????? ??????? ???d??, µ????d????
  ??????? ?a? ???? ??????? (3? ??d?s? t??
  e???pa???? Fa?µa??p???a?).
• ? d?af??? a??µesa st?? d?? fa?µa?e?t???? µ??f??
  ???????? se s???? (???d?? ?a? µ????d????) e??a?
  ?t? ? de?te?? ??e? pe??e?t???t?ta se ?e?? µeta??
  7 ?a? 9,5. ? ???? fa?µa?e?t??? ??????? ??e? DEgt
  20 DE e??a? ta ?s?d??aµa de?t????? ? t? p?s?st?
  a?a??????? sa?????? ?? p??? t?? ???? µ??a,
  e?f?asµ???? se ??????? (de?t????)
• ???s? ? ??????? ?????e?ta? pa?e?te???? ?p? µ??f?
  ?dat???? d?a??µat??. ?? e?de??e?? ??a ??????s?
  e??s?µ?? d?a??µµat?? (5 ?a? 10) e??a? p??????
  t?? e?d?- ?a? e????tt???a? af?d?t?s??, s??????
  e??d?t?s? (?ta? ? ap??e?a ?e??? ?pe?ßa??e? t??
  ap??e?a ?????????? ?at???? ?a? ?????
  ??e?t????t??), p??f??a?? ?a? ?e?ape?a t?? ??t?s??
  se pe??pt?se?? ?p?s?t?sµ??. ?a d?a??µata a?t?
  e??a? µ?s?? ??????s?? ?e?µ?d??, a??? ?a? fa?µ????
  p??-, ?at? ?a? µet? ap? ?e?????????? epeµß?se??.
  ???s?µa d?a??µata ?pe?t????? (15, 20, 30 ?a? 50)
  p????????ta? ??a pa?e?te???? ????? (p??s????
  ?e?µ?d??) ?a? ?e?ape?t??? a???? t??
  ?p?????a?µ?a?.

22
?. ???a p?????ta ß??µ??a??a? aµ????
?. ???a p?????ta ß??µ??a??a? aµ????

• ?? µa?t?de?t???e? ????? ?aµ??? t?µ? DE(lt 20)
  µ??µa p???sa??a??t??, ap?t??esµa µe?????
  ?d????s?? t?? aµ????. ???a? ?e??? s????, ? ?p??a
  d?aspe??eta? st? ?e?? ?a? d??e? pa???e?st? ????.
  ?? µa?t?de?t???e? ???s?µ?p?????ta? se pa?d????
  t??f??, sa? s???????t???? pa?????te? ??a
  ?e??????????? ep?d?sµ??? ?a?, st? fa?µa??te???a,
  ??a t?? ?????p???s? ? ?a? sa? ?p?st??µa ?at? t??
  ???a?s? d?a ?e?asµ??.
• Ta s???p?a ???????? ?a?a?t??????ta? ap? t?? t?µ?
  DE ?a? ap? t? ßa?µ? p???µe??sµ?? (D?) t??
  sa?????? ap? ta ?p??a s??µat????ta?.
  ???s?µ?p?????ta? ?????? st?? te???????a t??f?µ??.
• Ta s???p?a ???????? eµp???t?sµ??a se f????t???
  (HFCS, high fructose corn syrups)???µ????ta? ?a?
  ?s???????e?. ?e??????? 40 90 f????t??? ?a?
  pa?as?e?????ta? µe e???µat??? µetat??p? t??
  s???p??? ???????? ?a? st? s????e?a, ??a ta HFS 80
  90, µe ???µat???af??? d?a????sµ? t?? ????????,
  µe ??t??e?. ?a HFS, ?????? ta ta HFS - 42 ?a? HFS
  -55, µp????? ?a ???s?µ?p??????? sa? ????a?t????
  pa?????te? se ???? pa?as?e??sµata.
  ???s?µ?p?????ta? e????? st?? te???????a t??f?µ??
  (ae?????a p?t?, ?a?a?t???µ??? p?????ta, p?????ta
  a?t?p???a? ??p.)

23
G. D-f????t???

• ?a???sa se ??a s?ed?? ta f???ta, ?a??? ?a? st?
  µ???, ? D-f????t??? e??a? d??at?? ?a pa?a??f?e?
  ß??µ??a???? µe ?d????s? t?? ????????? (p???µe???
  ?a?a?t???st??? ???sµ???? Asteraceae ???a????,
  ???????), µe d?a????sµ? ap? ?µße?t?s???a?a ? ap?
  HFCS.
• D-f????t??? ?eß??????.
• ?p??e? ?a ???s?µ?p????e? ??a pa?e?te???? s?t?s?
  ?a? ep?s??, e??a? s???a?? µe e?d?af????sa ???s?
  st? d?a?ta ???sµ???? d?aß?t???? ?a? st? d?at??f?
  t?? a???t??. ? ap????f?s? t?? ap? t? ??te?? e??a?
  ß?ade?a ?a? de? d?e?e??e? t?? ?????s? ??s???????.
  ? µetaß???sµ?? t?? ???eta? st? ?pa?.
  ???s?µ?p??e?ta? ep?s?? st? ped?? t?? d?at??f??
  sa? ????a?t???, µe ????a?t??? ??a??t?ta 1,7 f????
  µe?a??te?? ap? e?e??? t?? sa??a?????.
• ?µße?t?s???a?a ???µa sa??a?????, ???????? ?a?
  f????t???? p?? pa?a?aµß??eta? µe d??f?????
  t??p??? ap? t? sa??a???? (????? ?d????s?,
  e???µat??? ?d????s? ? ?µße?t?p???s? µe ?s????
  ????e? ?at???a?ta??a?t???? ??t??e?)

24
D-s??ß?t??? D- ?????t???

• ? p???a?????? a?t? ?p???e? se f?s??? ?at?stas?
  sta f???ta ???sµ???? e?d?? Rosaceae, ?d?a?te?a
  st? Sorbus aucuparia L., ?a??? ?a? st? ?a???
  ??p???? f????. ?a?a?aµß??eta? ß??µ??a???? µe
  ?ata??t??? ?d??????s? ?p? p?es? ? µe
  ??e?t????t??? a?a???? t?? D-????????.
• St? ?e?ape?t??? e?µeta??e??µaste t?? ???a????
  d??s? t?? s??ß?t????. ???s?µ?p??e?ta? st?
  s?µpt?µat??? a???? ?at? t?? d?s??????t?ta? ?a?
  t?? d?spe??a?.
• Se ????s?, ???s?µ?p?????ta? d?a??µata 5 ?a? 10,
  ?p?? ta a?t?st???a d?a??µata t?? ???????? st??
  p?????? t?? af?d?t?s??, st? e??d?t?s? ?ta? ?
  ap??e?a ?e??? ?pe?ßa??e? t?? ap??e?a ??????????
  ?at???? ?a? ????? ??e?t????t??, st?? p?????? ?a?
  ?e?ape?a t?? ??t?s?? se pe??pt?se?? ?p?s?t?sµ??,
  se d?a?te? p??s????? ?e?µ?d??, sa? µ?s??
  ??????s?? fa?µ???? p??-, ?a? µet? ap?
  ?e?????????? epeµß?se??. ?? p??f????e?? ?at? t?
  ???s? e??a? ?d?e? µe e?e??e? p?? af????? t?
  ???????.
• ? D-s??ß?t??? sa? ????a?t???? pa?????
  ???s?µ?p??e?ta? ?? ?p??at?stat? t?? sa??a?????
  st??? d?aß?t????? (µetat??peta? se D-f????t???, ?
  ?p??a pe?a?t??? µetaß????eta? se ?????????).
  ???s?µ?p??e?ta? s???? st? fa?µa??te???a sa?
  ???µ?st??? ???as?a? se ???e??, sa? sta?e??p???t??
  se a???f??, sa? p?ast???p???t?? st? ?e?at???, sa?
  ep?ß?ad??t?? t?? ???st????s?? se s???a?a ??p.
• ?f?stata? ??µ?s? p??? a???, ?a? de? p???a?e?
  e????a te??d??a. ???a? p??? e?d????t?, p???
  ????s??p???, de? s?µµet??e? e????a se a?t?d??se??
  Maillard, de? ?f?stata? e????a µ????ß?a??
  d??spas? ?a? ???s?µ?p??e?ta? e????? ep????????
  st?? te???????a t??f?µ?? (?420). ???a? ?d?a?te?a
  e?d?af????sa ??a t?? ??a??t?t? t?? ?a µe???e? ta
  ep?peda e?e???t?ta? t?? ?e???, ??a t? d??s? t??
  ?? p?ast???p???t? t?? ?f?? ?a? ??a t? d??se??
  ?????? ?e?s? t??, p?? e??a? ap?t??esµa a???t????
  e??a?p?a? d?a??t?p???s??

25
D-µa???t???
D-µa???t???

• ?????e?s?. ? D-µa???t??? ?p???e? se f?s???
  ?at?stas? st? f?t? Fraxinus ornus (?e??a) ?a? se
  s?µa?t??? p?s?t?ta st? ?a??? t?? fa??f?????
  Laminaria.
• B??µ??a???? pa?as?e???eta? µe ep?µe??sµ? t??
  D-???????? se a??a???? pe??ß????? ?a? st?
  s????e?a µe ?ata??t??? ? ??e?t????t??? a?a????.
• ?d??t?te?. ? D-µa???t??? p?a?t??? de?
  µetaß????eta? ?a? ?????e?ta? pa?e?te???? sa?
  ?sµ?t??? d?????t???. ????e?ta? ta???? sto
  spe??aµa ?a? de? ?f?stata? p?a?t??? ?aµµ?a
  epa?a??f?s? sta ?ef???? s???????a.
• ???se??. ? µa???t??? e??a? ???a???? ?a? ?pa?t???
  ?a? p??te??eta?, se ??????s? ap? t? st?µa, ??a t?
  s?µpt?µat??? ?e?ape?a t?? d?spe??a? (ep??ast????
  d??tas?, a??? p???, ?a?t?e?), ?a? ep???????? st??
  a?t?µet?p?s? t?? d?s??????t?ta?. ??t??de???
  ap?f?a?? t?? ????f???? ?d??.
• Se ????s? ???s?µ?p?????ta? ?p??t??a d?a??µµata
  µa???t???? st?? a??????e? pe??pt?se?? ????????a
  ?a? a?????a p??sfata e??a??d??µ??? (d????µa 10),
  e??tt?s? e?d???a??a??? p?es?? ??a t??
  a?t?µet?p?s? e??efa????? ??d?µ?t??, a???µ???
  e?d?f???µ?a p?es? (d????µa 20).
• ???a? e????sta ????s??p???, de? p???a?e? e????a
  te??d??a ?a? ???s?µ?p??e?ta? st?? pa?as?e??
  d?af???? ste?e?? fa?µa??te?????? µ??f??. ?p??e?
  ?a ???s?µ?p????e? st?? a????p??? d?at??f? (?421)
  ?a? sa? ????a?t??? ap? d?aß?t?????.

26
Fraxinus ornus L., Oleaceae ?e??a
? µe??a, e?d?? t?? ?es??e???. ?e ???a?? t??
f????? ?at? t? d????e?a ????? ?a? ?est?? ep????
pa?a?aµß??eta? ?????µa, t? µ???a. ?? µ???a
eµfa???eta? sa? ?p???t???a ?a? ??sµa teµ???a
a?a????st?? s??µat?? d????a ? ??f?de?. ?? ?????
s?stat???, ? D-µa???t???, s???de?eta? ap?
D-???????, D-f????t??? ?a? ?????sa??a??te?. ??
ap????aµ??? µ???a ?atat?sseta? sta ?pa?t??? µe
d??s? d?????t???, ?a? ??a t? ???? a?t? ta
f?t??e?ape?t?? s?e??sµata p?? t? pe???????
µp????? ?a f????? t?? ??de??? s?µpt?µat???
?e?ape?a t?? d?s??????t?ta?.

• ? ???µas?a µ???a ???s?µ?p??e?ta? ??a d??f??a
  sa??a????a e????µata. ?? µ???a t?? ?ß?a???
  e??a? p??a??? ??a? µ????? µe?????? ?e????a?, p???
  e?af???, p?? µetaf??eta? ap? t?? ??eµ? se p???
  µe???? ap?stas? (Lecanora esculenta DC.).

27
meso- ????t???

• ?????e?s? ?a? ?d??t?te?. ? meso- ????t???
  pa?a?aµß??eta? µe ?ata??t??? ?d??????s? ap? t??
  D-??????, ? ?p??a p?????eta? ap? ?d????s? t??
  ???a??? (?e?t???? st??e??? a?aß?s?t?? (corncob),
  ???? s?µ?da?, ?p??e?µµa e?????s?? sa??a?????aµ??,
  ???a??d?a, ?????). ???s?µ?p??e?ta? ap? t? st?µa,
  a??? ?a? e?d?f?eß???, sa? ?p??at?stat? t??
  sa??a????? ?a? µetaß????eta? s?µf??a µe t?? ?????
  t?? pe?t???? µet? ap? af?d??????s? se D-?????????

???se??. ? ????t??? ?p?? ? D-s??ß?t??? ?a? ?
D-???????, µp??e? ?a a?t??atast?se? t? sa??a????
st?? µ??f?p???s? t?? s???p???, ?at? t?? ?p??a
apa?te?ta? ? ???s? p????t???? µ?s??. ???a?
ep?t?ep?µe?? ????a?t???. ?? ?d?? ?s??e? ?a? ??a
???e? p?????e? D-µa???t???, D-s??ß?t???,
µa?t?t??? ?965, isomalt ?953, ?a?t?t???
?966 ?a? p???de?t????. H pa???s?a t?t???? t?p??
????a?t???? se e?d? d?at??f?? e??a? ?p???e?t???
?a a?a???feta? st?? et???ta, st?? ?p??a ep? p????
p??pe? ?a a?af????ta? ta a??????a ?t? t? p?????
de? p??pe? ?a ?????e?ta? se pa?d?? µ????te?a t??
t???? et?? ?t? ? ?pe?ß????? ?µe??s?a ?ata????s?
µp??e? ?a p???a??se? e?af??? ?ast?e?te?????
d?ata?a??? (??????s? µe????? p?s?t?ta? µp??e? ?a
p???a??se? µete???sµ? ?a? d??????a).   ??µ????
?a? ßa?t??????????? d???µas?e?, ?a??? ?a?
???sµ??e? e?e???µe?e? ???????? µe??te? ?d???sa?
saf?? st? d?ap?st?s? ?t? ? ????t??? de? p???a?e?
te??d??a. ??t??eta, ? s?st?µat??? ?ata????s? ?a
µp????se ?a µe??se? t? s????t?ta eµf???s?? t??,
e?? e??a? p?? ap?te?esµat??? ap? t? s??ß?t??? ?a?
???e? ????t??e?. ? meso- ????t??? ???s?µ?p??e?ta?
e????? st? ?a?a??p?ast???. ??t?? t?? ?t? de?
p???a?e? te??d??a, p??sd?de? d??se?? ?e?s?.
28
????GOG? S?????O? ?S??????? ???

• ? ß?taµ??? C e??a? t? L-()-threo-as???ß??? ???.
• ???s???et???, d?µ?????e?ta? -sta f?t?- ape??e?a?
  ap? t? D-???????
• ? ß?taµ??? C pa?eµßa??e? se d??f??e? a?t?d??se??
  ??e?d?a?a????? ?a? e??a? apa?a?t?t? ??a t??
  ?d???????s? t?? p???????, d??ad? ??a t?
  s??µat?sµ? ?a? t? d?at???s? t?? a?e?a??t?ta? t??
  ????a?????
• ? ß?taµ??? C de? µp??e? ?a s??te?e? sta ???ast???
  ?a? ??a t? ???? a?t? ? ?????p?? p??pe? ?a t??
  p??s?aµß??e? µe t?? t??f? t??
• ???stas?a ap? ?a???????
• ??sµe?s? e?e?????? ?????

29
?s???ß??? ???

• ???se??. ? ß?taµ??? C ?????e?ta? se d?s?????a
  ß?taµ???? (p.?. 10-50 mg/?µe??s???)
• 1. st? ?e?ape?a t?? s???ß??t??
• 2. p????pt??? se ?atast?se?? aß?taµ???s??, ?ta? ?
  d?at??f? e??a? a?epa???? ? µ? ?s????p?µ???.
• Se ?????? d?se?? (p.?. 0,5 g/?µe??s???),
  ???s?µ?p??e?ta? ??a t? ?e?ape?a t?? at???a? se
  ???p?de?? ?atast?se??, ????t?da ? a?????s?.
• ???tat? ???? asfa?e?a? 15 mg/Kg/?µe??s???
  (pe??p?? 1g/?µe??s??? ??a e?????e?). ??
  as???ß??? ??? (?300), ta ??at? t?? (Na, ?301, K,
  ?302) ?a? ?? est??e? t?? µe ??pa?? ???a (?304),
  ep?t??peta? ?a ???s?µ?p?????ta? sa? p??s?eta
  t??f?µ?? (????a, s??t???t???, a?t???e?d?t??? µe
  µ???st? d?s? 300 mg/l).
• ?????e?s?. ?? as???ß??? ??? ß??s?eta? se
  s?µa?t???? p?s?t?te? se d??f??a f???ta ?pp?fa??
  (Hippophae rhamnoides L., Elaeagnaceae),
  a?t???d?? (Actinidia sinensis, A. deliciosa (A.
  Chev.) Liang A.R. Ferg., A. arguta (Siebold
  Zucc.) Miq., Actinidiaceae), p?pe??? (Capsicum
  annuum L., Solanaceae), Myrciaria cauliflora C.
  Martius O. Berg ?a? ???a e?d? t?? ???????e?a?
  Myrtaceae), acerola Malpigia glabra (punicifolia)
  L., Malpighiaceae) ??a ?a a?afe????? µ??? ta p??
  p???s?a . ?e????eta? ?f???? st?? ?a?p? t??
  a????t??a?taf??????.

30
?G??O???????F?????, Rosa canina L., Rosaceae
?G??O???????F?????, Rosa canina L., Rosaceae

• ?? ?e?d??a?p?? t?? a????t??a?taf?????? ?fe?????
  t? ???µa t??? st?? pa???s?a ?a??te??e?d??.
  ?e??????? ta????e?, p??t???, s???a?a ?a?, ?p??
  p????? ???µ? ?a?p?? ap? t?? ???????e?a Rosaceae,
  D- s??ß?t???, ? ß?taµ??? C (p??? ap? 1,7)
  apa?t?ta? µa?? µe µ????? ?a? ??t???? ???.
• St? Ga???a, f?t??e?ape?t??? p?????ta p??
  ßas????ta? st??? ?a?p??? t?? a????t??a?taf??????
  e??a? d??at?? ?a ????????ta? ap? t? st?µa,
  s?µf??a µe t?? a??????e? e?de??e?? pa?ad?s?a??
  ???s? 1. se µ? ???a???? at???a, ?a? 2. ??a t??
  d?e??????s? t?? a???s?? ß?????.
• ???s????d??

• ??????af?a t?? Ge?µa????? ?p?t??p?? ?
• p?????? ?a? ?e?ape?a ???pp??, µ???sµat???? ??s??
  ?a? ???e???? ß?taµ???? C, ??a t? d?e??????s? t??
  p????, ??a a????t?da, sa? d?????t???, sa?
  st?pt??? ?t?).
• ? µ?????af?a a?af??e? ?st?s?, ?t? ?aµ?? ap?
  t?? a??t??? ???se?? de? e??a? a??µ? epa????
  d??a??????µ???.
• ?a??????a ?µ??, de? ?p???e? ?a? ????? ?a µ??
  ???s?µ?p?????ta? ??a t?? e??s??s? t?? a??µat?? se
  ??f?µata/afe??µata (herbal teas) ? st? ß??µ??a??a
  t??f?µ??.

31
?????????S (TAMARIND) Tamarindus indica L.,
Caesalpiniaceae
?????????S (TAMARIND) Tamarindus indica L.,
Caesalpiniaceae

• ? s???a t?? ??e? ???µa ?af?-e?????p?, ?e?s? ?p?a
  ?a? ?????? ?a? e??a? p???s?a se p??t??? ?a?
  µ???sa??a??te? (20-40). ?e????e? ep?s?? se
  p?s?st? 10-15 ???a???? ???a t??????, µ?????
  ?a? ??t???? ???, e?e??e?a ?a? ?p? µ??f?? a??t??
  (t? µe???? s?stat??? e??a? t? ????? t??????
  ?????). To ???µa s??d?eta? µe t?? pa???s?a
  µ???te?pe????? ?a? a??µat???? s?stat????
  (????aµ???) ?a? p??a?????. ? d????
  ???s?µ?p??e?ta? sa? ?a???e?µa st?? ???e?
  pa?a????? ?a? e??a? ?pa?t??? µe d?????t??? d??s?,
  t? ?p??? µp??e? ?a ???????e? µe ??de??? t?
  s?µpt?µat??? a?t?µet?p?s? t?? d?s??????t?ta?.

32
?????????S

• ?? ?????t??e? e??a? p????d?????????a?????a. ?
  ?????e?a?e???? ? ???s?t??? ??e? ?eµe???d?
  ß???????? ???? .
• Se f?s??? ?at?stas? ?f?sta?ta? ??? ap? ta e????
  p??a?? ?s?µe?? t??. ?? f?sf?????? est??e? t??
  myo-???s?t????, ?????? t? f?t??? ???, ap?te????
  t?? p?? ?f???? µ??f? f?sf?????? pa?a????? st?
  f?s?.
• ?? µet? ?at???? ??a? t?? f?t???? ????? (DCI
  f?t??? ???) p???a?e? ?a????s? t?? asßest??? st?
  ??te??, µe t? µ??f? ad????t?? ?a? µ?
  ap????f?s?µ?? f?t???? a??t??.
• ??de??e?? ?pe?asßest?????a, f?e?µ???d?
  asßest?????as?, ??e???? t?? µetaß???sµ?? t??
  asßest???. ?at? t? d????e?a t?? ?e?ape?a? t??
  ?pe?asßest?????a, apa?te?ta? d?at??f? pt??? se
  asß?st?? ?a? s??e??? pa?a???????s? t?? asßest???
  sta ???a. ?a ??ata µe asß?st?? t?? f?t???? ?????
  s??d?????ta? µe d??f??a s?stat??? (p.?.
  ß?taµ??e?, ???a) se fa?µa?e?t??? s?e??sµata p??
  p????????ta? ??a t? s?µpt?µat??? ?e?ape?a t?? µ?
  ???a????? at???a?.

33
????????S ??G????s??. ??T?G???S
?T???? ??? ??????S?????? ??????S?????
?T??O? F??????????? ????? ?????S F??????G?OS??S

• ??S????????S
• ???G?S????????S
• ????S????????S ???
• ???O???? F???
• ?F????G?S
• ?????S ???G?S

http//eclass.uoa.gr/courses/PHARM140/
34
?????sa??a??te?-???sµ??

• ?? ?????sa??a??te? p???????ta? ap? t? s?µp????s?
  d?? ??? d??a µ????? µ???sa??a??t?? µe d?µ??????a
  d?ad?????? ?????s?d???? desµ?? µeta?? t???.

35
G????s?d???? desµ??

• ? ?????s?d???? desµ?? s??µat??eta?, a??µesa st??
  ?µ?a?eta???? ?d??????µ?da p?? f??e? ? a??µe?????
  ????a?a? t?? sa?????? ?a? µ?a ?p??ad?p?te
  ?d??????µ?da 1?? ap? ??a ???? µ???? sa??????
  (s??µat?sµ?? d?sa??a??t??) ?, 2?? ap? µ?a
  a????????a sa?????? pe??ss?te?? ? ????te?? µa????
  (s??µat?sµ?? ?????sa??a??t?? ?a? p???sa??a??t??).
• ? ?????s?d???? desµ?? d?asp?ta? e????a µe ??µ???
  ?d????s? ?a?, µe µe???? e??e?t???t?ta, µe
  e???µat??? ?d????s?.

36
??S????????S

• ??????a µe t?? t?p? t?? ?????s?d???? desµ??,
  µp????µe ?a t??? d?a??????µe se
• µ? a?a???????? d?sa??a??te? (? desµ??
  d?µ?????e?ta? a??µesa st?? a?a??????? ?µ?de? t??
  d?? sa??????)
• ?a? se a?a???????? d?sa??a??te? (st? desµ?
  s?µµet??e? ? a?a?????? ?µ?da t?? e??? µ???
  sa??????).

37
?pe????s? ???µat?????a?

• µa?t??? a-D-?????p??a??s??-(1?4)-D-?????p??a??s?d
  ??
• ?a? ? ?e???ß???? ß-D-?????p??a??s??-(1?4)-D-?????
  p??a??s?d??
• p???????ta? ap? t?? ap????d?µ?s? t?? aµ???? ?a?
  t?? ??tta?????

38
? sa??a????

• a-D-?????p??a??s??-(1?2)-ß-D-f????t?f???a??s?d?
  ? e??a? ??a? µ? a?a??????? d?sa??a??t??.
• ???a? ? ?????te?? µ??f? µetaf???? ?a? p??s??????
  ap????e?s?? e????e?a? sta f?t? ?p?? s?ss??e?eta?
  se ???sµ??e? sa???de?? ???e?.
• ???s?µ?p??e?ta? sa? ??d??? ?ap??? ?a? ?????
  fa?µa??te?????? µ??f?? ??????s?? ap? t? st?µa,
  ?a??? ?a? ??a t?? pa?as?e?? s???p???
• St?? te???????a t??f?µ??, ? sa??a????
  ???s?µ?p??e?ta? a???a?e? sa? s??t???t??? ?ta? ?
  s?????t??s? e??a? epa???? ? µ???st? d?a??t?t?ta
  st??? 20o C e??a? 204 g sa??a????? se 100 g
  ?e??? a?ast???eta? ? a??pt??? µ???????a??sµ??.

39
Sa??a???? s???????

• ? sa??a???? pa???eta? ß??µ??a???? ap? ta
  sa??a??te?t?a, ap? t?? a???? t?? 19?? a???a. ?
  pa???sµ?a pa?a????, ? ?p??a p??s???e? ta 120
  e?at?µµ???a t?????, p?????eta? ?at? t? ??a t??t?
  ap? ta sa??a??te?t?a ?a? ?at? ta d?? t??ta ap? ta
  sa??a?????aµa.
• ? sa??a???? ap?µ??????e ??a p??t? f??? ap? t??
  ???e? t?? sa??a??te?t??? sta µ?sa t?? 18?? a???a
  (Markgraf, 1745)
• ??? a???e? a???te?a d?µ?s?e????e ? ????? t??
  s???es? (1953)

40
S????????????, Beta vulgaris L Chenopodiaceae

• ?? f?t? e??a? d?et?? a??? ?a???e??e?ta? sa?
  et?s??. ? ???a pe????e? pe??p?? 77 ?e?? ?a?
  16-17 sa??a????.
• ?? ???e?, teµa?????ta? se µ???? µ??? ?a? ?
  sa??a???? e??????eta? µe ap?? d????s? se ?est?
  ?e??. ? ??µ?? p?? pa?a?aµß??eta? ?a?a???eta? µe
  ?d???e?d?? t?? asßest??? ?a? st? s????e?a µe
  ?ate??as?a µe d???e?d?? t?? ????a?a. ???????e?
  d????s? ?a? ? d?a???? ??µ?? s?µp?????eta? µe
  e??tµ?s? ?p? ?e??. ?p? t? s???p?, ? sa??a????
  pa?a?aµß??eta? µe ???st????s? se d?ad??????
  pa?t?de? µe t? te???? ?p??e?µµa ?a ap?te?e? t?
  µe??ssa. ? ???a?s? ???eta? µe f??????t??s?, ?
  ?p??a ep?t??pe? t?? a???t?s? t?? ?a?a???
  p?????t?? (?e??? ???sta????? ???a??).

41
S????????????, Saccharum officinarum L., Poaceae

• ?? S. officinarum µe t?? e??e?a ?????a t?? ????,
  pe???aµß??e? t??????st?? t??a ?p?e?d? ?a? p?????
  p??????e?.
• ?a ?????p???µ??a ste???? µet? ap? s?µp?es?
  pa?????? ??µ? ap? t?? ?p???, µet? ap? ap?µ?????s?
  t?? p??te???? ?a? e???det???s? (?ate??as?a µe
  ?d???e?d?? t?? asßest???), d????s?, ap????µat?sµ?
  ?a? s?µp????s?, ???sta????e? ? a?at???ast?
  sa??a???? (?asta?? ???sta????? ???a??).
• ? ???a?? a?t? µp??e? ?a ?p?ste? pe?a?t???
  epe?e??as?a, µe a?at??a?? se s?µp????µ??? s???p?,
  f??????t??s?, d????s?, s?µp????s? ?a?
  ???st????s?.

42
????GOG? ??S???????O?

• ?st??e? sa??a????? (Olestra) (?p??at?stat?
  ??p???)
• ?a?t?t???
• Isomalt
• ?a?t?????? (Duphalac)
• ?a?t?t???

????a?t???
ß-D-?a?a?t?p??a??s??-(1?4)-D-f????t?f???a??s?d?
?, ? ?p??a e??a? ?pa?t??? µe ?sµ?t??? d??s?,
µe???e? t?? ?pe?aµµ???a?µ?a ?a? d?e?e??e? t??
pe??sta?t?sµ? t?? e?t????.
43
?????sa??a??te?

• ?? ?????? ?? ?????sa??a??te? (t??a µ???? d??a
  s???a?a) a?t?p??s?pe???? ap????e?t???? µ??f??
  pe?????sµ??e? se ???sµ??a e?d? ? f?t???? ?µ?de?,
  ?e????? p?? e???e? t? ??µe??ta????µ??? t???
  e?d?af????.
• ???sµ???? ?????sa??a??te? eµp?????ta? ?a? st?
  s??µat?sµ? t?? ete??s?d???? ?????s?d?? (??aµµ????
  ? d?a??ad?sµ???? t??sa??a??te? f?aß???e?d??,
  ?????sa??a??te? sap???s?d??, (????s?d??).

44
?????de?t???e?

• ?? ?????de?t???e? e??a? ???????? ?????sa??a??te?,
  ?? ?p???? p???????ta? ap? t?? e???µat??? d??spas?
  t?? aµ????. ?? ????µ?, ? ?????de?t???o-?????s???-t
  ?a?sfe??s?, pa???eta? ap? d??f????? ßa???????
  (Bacillus macerans, B. circulans).
• O? p??? t? d?µ?, ?? a-, ß- ?a? ?-?????de?t???e?
  ap?te????ta? ap? 6, 7 ?a? 8 µ???de? ????????
  a?t?st???a, s??dedeµ??e? µe desµ??? a-(1?4).
• ?a µ???a a?t? e??a? µ????? ?dat?d?a??t?,
  a??e?t??? st?? ?d????s? ?a? ????? µ??f? spe??a?.
  ?µfa?????? µ?a s?et??? ?d??f?ß? ?????t?ta, µe
  d??µet?? 5 ??? 8 Å, (????a?e? t?? s?e?et?? ?a?
  a??e????? desµ??) e?? e??te???? e??a? p???
  ?d??f??a µ???a (p??t?ta?e?? a?????e? st? ste??
  pe????? t?? spe??a?, de?te??ta?e?? a?????e? st??
  e??e?a pe?????).

45
?????de?t???e?

• ?? µe?a??te?? e?d?af???? t??? ßas??eta? st??
  ??a??t?t? t??? ?a s??µat????? µ? ?µ???p?????
  s?µp???a e???e?sµ?? µe p???????µa µ???a,
  ?ata?????? d?ast?se??, ?a? ?at? s???pe?a, ?a
  ep?t??p??? t? µ???a?? e??a?????s?, µe s??p? t??
  a???s? t?? sta?e??t?ta? (?e?µ???, ??µ???), t?
  µetaß??? t?? d?a??t?t?ta? ?a? t?? ???µ??
  d?a??t?p???s??, t? ße?t??s? t??
  ß??d?a?es?µ?t?ta?, t?? ap?f???? a????ep?d??se??,
  ap????d?µ?s?? st? st?µ??? ? t??? ?f?a?µ??? , t??
  s???????? t?? ?e?s?? ? t?? ?sµ?? ??p.
• ?p?????? p????? d??at?t?te? ???s?? t???
  s?µp????p???s? d?ast???? s?stat????,
  f?t?fa?µ????, ap????pa?t????, sta?e??p???s?
  a??µ?t?? ?a? ???µ?t??.

46
????sa??a??te?

• O? p???sa??a??te? (? ??????e?) ??????ta?
  a??a??eta ta ?????? µ???a??? ß????? p???µe??, ta
  ?p??a p???????ta? ap? t?? s?µp????s? µe?????
  a???µ?? µ???sa??a??t??. ???e s???a?? s??d?eta? µe
  ta ?e?t????? t?? µe ?????s?d??? desµ?, ? ?p????
  s??µat??eta? ap? t? ?e???t??? ap?µ?????s? e???
  µ????? ?e???, a??µesa st?? ?µ?a?eta????
  ?d??????µ?da t?? C-1 e??? sa?????? ?a?
  ?p??ad?p?te ?d??????µ?da ap? ??a ???? µ????
  sa??????.
• O? p???sa??a??te? e??a? f?s??? µ???a ta ?p??a
  apa?t??ta? s?ed?? se ????? t??? ???te?
  ???a??sµ???.
• O? p???sa??a??te? e??a? ?pe?????? ??a t??
  sta?e??t?ta t?? ??tta????? t????µ?t?? sta a??te?a
  f?t? (? a?t??eta ??a t?? e?ast???t?ta t?? ?a????
  sta f???)
• e??a? µ??f?? ap????e?s?? e????e?a? (?µ??? ?a?
  ????? p???sa??a??te? sta f?t?, ????????? sta
  ??a),
• ? p??state???? t??? ?st??? ap? t?? af?d?t?s? ????
  st?? ?d??f??? ?a?a?t??a t???, e?? se ??p??e?
  pe??pt?se?? e??a? s?stat??? p?? pa?as?e?????? ??
  ???a??sµ?? ??a t?? ?µ??? t??? (p.?. ??tta????
  t????µata µ???????a??sµ??).

47
?µ??e?e??-ete???e?e??

• ?? ?µ??e?e?? p???sa??a??te? d?a??????ta? ap? t???
  ete???e?e??, ??at? ?? p??t?? p???????ta? ap? t??
  s?µp????s? µe????? a???µ?? µ????? ap? t? ?d??
  s???a?? ?a? ?? de?te??? ap? t?? s?µp????s?
  d?af???? t?p?? sa??????.
• ??????a ???a s?stat??? e??a? d??at?? ?a
  s?µµet????? st? s??µat?sµ? p???sa??a??t??,
  ?d?a?te?a t?? ete???e??? e???e?, pe?t??e?,
  a??d??e???e?, a????e? sa??????, ?e????? est??e?,
  ?.a.
• ??te ?µ??e?e?? e?te ete???e?e??, ??
  p???sa??a??te? µp??e? ?a e??a? ??aµµ???? ?
  d?a??ad?sµ????. S?µa?t??? st???e?? t?? d?µ?? t???
  e??a? ? a????????a t?? sa?????? st? p???µe???.

48
?? p???sa??a??te? ??ass??? d?a??????ta? ?? e???

• ????sa??a??te? pe???d???? a????????a?. ?a s???a?a
  apa?t??? ?at? µ???? t?? a????????a? se d??ta??
  ta?t??? epa?a?aµßa??µe?? (aµ?????, ??tta????). ?
  d?aµ??f?s? ?a?????eta? ap? ?????? ap? t?
  d?aµ??f?s? t?? ?????s?d???? desµ??
• e?? e??a? ß-(1?4) t? s??µa e??a? µ?a p???
  ep?µ???? ta???a (p.?. ??tta????),
• e?? e??a? a-(1?4) t? p???µe??? e??a? p??a??? ?a
  ????ete? e????e?d?? s??µa (p.?. aµ?????),
• se µe????? pe??pt?se?? ? d?aµ??f?s? e??a? ?a?a??
  ?a? e??aµpt?, ap?t??esµa e??? µe????? ßa?µ??
  e?e??e??a? se s??s? µe t?? pe??st??f?. ??t??a
  e??a? ? pe??pt?s? d?µ?? µe desµ??? (1?6).
•  ????sa??a??te? µe d?a?e??µµ??? a????????a. St?
  d?µ? t???, pe?????? µe ta?t??? pe???d???t?ta
  e?a???ss??ta? µe ete???e?e?? pe??????.
  ??de??µe?e? a????ep?d??se?? p???µe????-
  p???µe???? ep?t??p??? t? s??µat?sµ? ?????.
•  ????sa??a??te? p????? ete???e?e??. ???a? p??a??
  ?a d?µ????????ta? a????ep?d??se?? t?p??
  p???µe???-d?a??t??.

49
S??µat?sµ?? ?????

• ?a ?a?????? ?µ??e?? p???µe?? s??µat????? p???
  e?tetaµ??e? ???e? s??des??, ????? p??? ???a??µ???
  d?µ? ?a? e??a? ?at??s?a? ???µata
• ?a ete???e?? p???µe?? µe a?a????ste? a????????e?
  d?aspe????ta? st? d????µa ?a? s??µat????? ???d?
  d?a??µµata
• ?a p???µe?? µe ?a??????? a????????e?
  d?a??pt?µe?e? ap? a?a????ste? d?at??e?? e??a?
  d??at?? ?a s??µat?s??? s?µe?a??? ???e? s??des??
  ?a? s??ep??, e?ast???? ???e?. ?? ???e? s??des??
  µp??e? ?a pe???aµß????? e????e?de?? d?µ?? (p.?.
  a?a????, ?a?a?e???e?) ? s??a????sµata a??s?d??
  (p.?. p??t??e?, a??????? pa?????a, ß?.
  pa?a??t?)..

50
????sa??a??te? ap? µ???????a??sµ??? ?a? µ???te?

• ????? s?µe?a ta p???µe?? sa?????? p??
  ???s?µ?p??e? ? ?????p?? pa?a?aµß????ta? ??????
  ap? a??te?a f?t? e?te µe ?µ?s???es? ap? f?s???
  p???µe??.
• ? f?t??? t??? p????e?s? ??e? ?a? µe???e?t?µata,
  ?p?? ? a?a????st?? ???µ?? p??µ??e?a? ? ?p????
  ep??e??eta? ap? t?? ???µat???? s?????e?, ?e?????
  p?? ??e? ?? ap?t??esµa t? d?a??µa?s? t?? t?µ??
  t???, t?? e?µet?ß??t? p???t?ta , ???e???
  epa?a????µ?t?ta? t?? f?s???? ?d??t?t?? t???.
• ?a p???µe?? p?????ta ß??te?????????? p????e?s??
  eµfa?????? µe??µ??a p??ß??µata µ?a? ?a?
  pa?????ta? ?p? e?e???µe?e? s?????e? ?a? ?? e?
  t??t?? d?a??t??? a???s?µe??ta sta?e?? p???t?ta
  ?a? f?s???? ?d??t?te?.

51
????????S

• ?? de?t???e? e??a? p???µe?? ???????? ? ??????e?,
  ?? ?p??e? s??µat????ta? ap? µ???de?
  a-D-?????p??a?????, µe s??des? 1?6. ?a µ???a a?t?
  e??a? ????te?? ? pe??ss?te?? d?a??ad?sµ??a, ?????
  ????? µ???a?? ß???? (40-50 106), ?a?
  s??t??e?ta? ap? ??a e????tt???? ????µ?, t? ?p???
  ?p???e? se d??f??a ßa?t???a t?? ?e???
  Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus ?a? Streptococcus.
• ?? de?t???e? (µ?s?? µ???a??? ß????? 60000
  ?e?t???e?-60 se d????µa 6 ? µ???a??? ß?????
  40000 ?e?t???e?-40 se d????µa 3.5 ? 10)
  ????????ta? e?d?f?eß??? (????s?). ?? ???de? ?a? ?
  ?sµ?t???t?ta t?? d?a??µµ?t?? a?t?? e??a?
  pa?ap??s?a µe t?? p??sµat??. ?? de?t???? e??a? µ?
  t?????, a??s??????? ??d?te??, ??e? pa?atetaµ???
  d??s? ?a? ape?????eta? p?????. ???a? ?p??at?stat?
  t?? p??sµat?? ?a? ??e? t?? a??????e? e?de??e??
  ??a a???s? ????? t?? p??sµat?? se ?atast?se??
  a?µ???a????? s??, t?a?µat?sµ?, se af?d?t?s? ?a?
  e?tetaµ??a e??a?µata ?a? p??e??e???t???
  a?µ?d????s?.

52
????? ???T???S

• ??????eta? ap? t? ßa?t???? Xanthomonas
  campestris, p?? a?apt?sseta? s?????? se ???sµ??a
  e?d? t?? ???????e?a? Brassicaceae, ?a?
  ???s?µ?p????ta? t? f?t??? ?p?st??µa pa???e? ??a
  ??t???de? ?????µa t? ??µµ? ?a??????, t? ?p???
  e??a? a???????? p???sa??a??t??, ?????? ??
  (pe??p?? 1106)
• Sta?e??p???t?? p??t?? ep??????, ?at? t??
  pa?as?e?? e?a????µ?t?? ?a? ?a?a?t?µ?t??, t? ??µµ?
  ?a?????? e??a? p??? d?µ?f???? ??a t??
  ?e?d?p?ast???? ?d??t?te? t?? d?a??µ?t?? t?? ?a? ?
  s??????? ??t?s? t?? st?? a???? a????eta? µe ?????
  ???µ?. ???s?µ?p??e?ta? e????? st?? te???????a
  t??f?µ?? (?145)
• e??tt?s? t?? ???d??? a?????a µe t? ??? ?a?
  ap??at?stas?? st?? a????? t?µ? aµ?s?? µe t?
  d?a??p? t?? ????

53
?e?t????? (LENTINAN)

• ????e?ta? ??a ??a ?µ??e??? p???µe??? t? ?p???
  ap?µ????eta? ap? ??a µ???ta, Lentinula edodes
  (Berk).Sing, ???st? ?? Shiitake .
• ??µ??? e??a? ??????? p?? pe????e? µ?a ????a
  a??s?da µe s??d?se?? ß-(1?3) ?p??atest?µ??e? µe
  µ???a ???????? µe s??des? (1?6), ?a? ?? ?p??e?
  ????? ?? pe??p?? 500,000.

• ?? a?t??a???????? ?d??t?te? t?? p???µe????
  ?fe????ta? µ????? se a??s?d?e?e?t??? d??s? ?a?
  ??? se ??tta??t?????? ?d??t?te?.
• ??e?e??e? t?? p???ap?as?asµ? t?? ?-?eµf???tt????
  pa???s?a ??te??e??????-2, t? d?ast???t?ta t??
  µa???f???? ?a? t?? pa?a???? ??te??e??????-1.
• ?ap?????? ???????? µe??te? se as?e?e?? µe ?a?????
  st?µ???? ?de??a? ?t? ? e?d?f??ß?a ??????s?
  s??d?asµ?? a?t??a???????? fa?µ???? ?a? ?e?t??????
  ?ta? p?? ap?te?esµat??? ap? t?? ??????s? µ??? t??
  a?t??a???????? fa?µ????.

54
????????S ??G????s??. ??T?G???S
?T???? ??? ??????S?????? ??????S?????
?T??O? F??????????? ????? ?????S F??????G?OS??S

• ????S????????S ??? F???
• ?F????G?S
• ?????S ???G?S

http//eclass.uoa.gr/courses/PHARM140/
55
F???a ?a? a????p??? d?at??f?

• ? ???s? f???? st?? a????p??? d?at??f? e??a?
  s????e?a ????? ?a? ???st? ap? pa??? st?? ?p?
  ??at??? nori (f???a ?a? ??f?de? ap? Porphyra),
  kombu (ap? ap????aµ??? Laminaria), ? wakame
  (ap????aµ??? Undaria) ???s?µ?p?????ta? e?????
  st?? ?ap???a. ? a???? (µe????? de??de?
  e?at??t?de? t????) ef?d???eta? ap? ?a??????e?e?
  ?a?ass??? f????

56
F???a ?a? a????p??? d?at??f?

• ?a ?a??ss?a f??? e??a? ft??? se ??pa??,
• p???s?a se µ? d?asp?µe???? p???sa??a??te?
  (30-50) ?p???e? ? ?e???? pa?ad??? ?t? a?t??
  ?µ??????? µe t?? d?a?t?t???? ??e?-
• ?a? p???s?e? se ß?taµ??e? ?a? a????a?a ??ata
  (a????ea ?a? a??a????? ?a?e? ?p? µ??f? ?at???t??,
  ??d??, s?d????)
• ????? p???a??se? ??a a??a??µe?? e?d?af???? st??
  ??t???? ???e?.

57
F???a ?a? a????p??? d?at??f?

• ???e???µ??a f???a ??a ?ata????s? sa? ?a?a???? ?
  a?t?µata
• fa??f??? Fucus vesiculosus L. Ascophyllum
  nodosum (L.), Le Jolis, Himanthalia elongata
  (L.), S. Gray, Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey)
  Suringar
• p??s??a ?a??ss?a f??? ?????? e?d? t?? ?e???
  Enteromorpha ?a? Ulva (p.?.U. lactuca L.)
• ??d?f??? Porphyra umbilicalis (L.) Kutzing,
  Palmaria palmata (L.) Kuntze, Chondrus crispus
  Lingby
• Spirulina sp.

58
??????µ??? e?d?af???? t?? ?a?ass??? f????

• ?? ?????te?? e?d?af???? t?? ?a?ass??? f????
  e??a? t? ?e????? ?t? ap?te???? s?µa?t??? p???
  p???sa??a??t?? µe d?????t???? ?a?
  ?e?at???p???t???? ?d??t?te? ? pa???sµ?a pa?a????
  t?? ß??µ??a??a? ?????e?d?? (55,000 t????)
  a??????? ??ata, ?a??a?e???e? ?a? ??a?, ?????? ??a
  ???s? st?? te???????a t??f?µ??.
• ?? e?d?af???? t?? fa?µa?e?t???? est???eta? ?at?
  ????? ???? st?? ?e???????? ?d??t?te? t?? ?e???
  p?? pa?as?e?????ta? ap? ?????e?d? ?a?ass???
  f????, ep?s?? ?µ?? st? p??a?? ?e?ape?t???
  e?d?af???? t?? de?te???e??? µetaß???t?? ap?
  ?a??ss?a f?t? (te?p???a, a??????µ??a
  p???fa???????, a??t???e? ??s?e? ?.?.p.), ta ?p??a
  ?p?? ?a? ta ?e?sa?a f?t? µe?et??ta? s?st?µat???
  t?s? f?t???µ??? ?s? ?a? fa?µa????????.

59
??G????? ???, ??G????? ?????

• S?µf??a µe t?? 3? ??d?s? t?? ????pa????
  Fa?µa??p???a?, t? a??????? ??? ????eta? ?? µ??µa
  p???????????? ????? , t? ?p??? pe????e? ??? t??
  19.0 ?a? ????te?? ap? 25.0 ?µ?de? ?a?ß???????
  (C???), ?p?????sµ??a ep? ????? ??s?a?.
• ? ????pa??? Fa?µa??p???a pe???aµß??e? ep?s?? µ?a
  µ?????af?a ??a t? a??????? ??t???.

60
????? a???????? ?????

• ?? a??????? ??? e??a? st?? p?a?µat???t?ta s????
  s?stat??? t?? fa??f????. ? ?at?????a a?t?
  pe???aµß??e? ße????? ? pe?a???? f??? µe ta
  pa?a??t? ?a?a?t???st??? ? µes???tt???a ??s?a
  ap?te?e?ta? ?????? ap? a??????? ??ata ?a?
  f?????e? ?a? sta ??µ?t?p?a apa?t??ta?
  ?aµ??a???e?, µa???t??? ?a? pa?????a
  f??????????????.
• ?a fa??f??? t?? ?????? Laminaria ?a? ???a
  s???e???? Laminariales p?? pe?????f??ta? µe t?
  ??? kelp e??a? ta ?????te?a ???? p??
  ???s?µ?p?????ta? s?µe?a ??a t? ß??µ??a????
  pa?a???? a???????? ????? ?a? a???????? a??t??.
• ?? p???sa??a??te? a?t?? a?t?st??????, a?????a µe
  t? e?d??, t?? p????e?s? ?a? t?? ep???, st? 15-40
  t?? ????? ß?????. ???a ???? fa??f???? p?? e??a?
  d??at?? ?a ???s?µ?p??????? ??a t?? pa?a????
  a???????? ????? e??a? ta Ascophyllum, Ecklonia,
  Nereocystis ?a? Durvillea.
• ?? a??????? ??? pa???eta? ep?s?? ap? ???sµ?????
  µ???????a??sµ???.

61
LAMINARIAS, Laminaria spp, Laminariaceae

• ?????? L. digitata Lamouroux ?a? L. hyperborea.
  ?a a??t??? Laminariales e??a? µe???a p???et?
  ?a??ss?a f???, µe ?s???? s?????, µe ?????d???? ?
  ?????? st??e??? p??s?????µ??? se ß?????? µe
  d?a??ad?sµ??e? ap????e??.
• Ap?te???? t?? ????a µ??a a?at???ast?? p??t?? ????
  ??a t? ß??µ??a??a ?????e?d??.

62
MACROCYSTIS (CALIFORNIA GIANT KELP)

• Macrocystis pyrifera Agarth., Lessoniaceae
• ?a a??t??? ?????t?a ?a??ss?a f??? (50 100 m)
  t?? ????????? O?ea???, ????? ??asµa d????µ??? se
  µ???p?e??a f??????a, d?????µ??? st? ß?s? se µ?a
  ??st? ?e??, ? ?p??a t??? ep?t??pe? ?a ep?p?????.

63
FUCUS, Fucus serratus L., F. vesiculosus L.,
Fucaceae

• Ta a??t??? p???et? ?a??ss?a f??? af?????? se
  e???ate? ?a? ?e?µ?? ?a??ss?e? a?t?? t?? ß??e???
  ?µ?sfa?????.
• ???s??????ta? st??? ß?????? µe d?s????
  p??s?????s?? ?a? s??µat????? d?sµe? ap?
  µeµß?a??de??, d???t?µ?µ??e? ????de?.
• St? F. vesiculosus, d????? e?d??, µp??e? ?a?e??
  ?a d?a????e? e?at????e? t?? µ?s?? ?e???? t??
  pa???s?a ae????ste??

64
??µ? t?? a???????? ?????

• ?? a??????? ??? e??a? ??a ??aµµ??? p???µe???
  ap?te???µe?? ap? d?? ???????? ???a, t?
  D-µa?????????? (?) ?a? t? L-???????????? (G). ?
  s??des? µeta?? t?? µ???µe??? e??a? t?p?? ß-(1?4).
  ?a ???a a?t? µ?sa st? p???µe??? ß??s???ta? ?p?
  µ??f? ?µ??e??? ?µ?d?? p???-? ? p???-G, ?? ?p??e?
  ???????ta? ap? pe?????? ?p?? e?a???ss??ta?
  (G-?-G-?). St? f?s??? ?at?stas? ta a???????
  ?p???e? ?p? µ??f? µ??t?? a??t?? (?a, Mg2, Ca2)
  ta ?p??a ?at? ??a µ???? s??d???ta? µe f?????e?.
• ?? s?et???? a?a????e? t?? d?? ????? p?????????,
  a?????a µe t? ß?ta???? t??? p????e?s? ?a??? ?a?
  ap? ?????? pa?????te?, ?p?? e??a? ? ep???
  s???????, ? e?t?p?s? t?? µ?sa st? f????
  (st??e???, f????µa). St? ?. pyrifera, ??a
  pa??de??µa t? 40 t?? a???????? ????? ap?te?e?ta?
  ap? tµ?µata p???-?, e?? st? L. hyperborea to 60
  ap?te?e?ta? ap? tµ?µata p???-G.

65
?a?a?aß? a???????? ????? ?a? a???????? a??t??

• ?? a??????? ??? ??e? ??t??? p???a???????
  ?a?a?t??a, e??a? ad????t? st? ?e?? ?a? ??a?? ?a
  s??µat??e? ??ata e?d????ta ??ata ?at????, ?a????
  ? aµµ????? ?a? ad????ta ??ata asßest???.
• ? e?????s? t?? teµa??sµ???? ? ?????p???µ????
  ?a???? s?????? a????e? µe ??p??s? µe ?????sµ???
  ap????sµ??? ?e?? ?ste ?a ap?µa???????? ta
  a????a?a ??ata ?a? ta ?dat?d?a??t? s???a?a.
  ???????e? eµß???? ?p? a??de?s? t?? ?a???? se
  ?est? a??a???? d????µµa (50o C, a???a???? ??t???)
  ? ?p??a ?d??e? st? d?a??t?p???s? t?? a????????
  ?????. ?e d????s? ap?µa????eta? t? ste?e?
  ?p??e?µµa ?a? µe p??s???? st? d????µa d?a??µat??
  ?????????? asßest??? t? a??????? asß?st??
  ?a?????e?

66
?d??t?te?

• ?a a??????? ??ata µ???s?e??? ?at???t?? ?a?
  µa???s???, d?a????ta? st? ?e?? s??µat????ta?
  ???d? ?????e?d? d?a??µata µe ?e?d?p?ast???
  s?µpe??f??? se ?aµ???? s???e?t??se??. ?
  p???de?t??? p??s???? d?s?e??? ?at???t??
  (asßest???) p???a?e? ?e?µ??? µ? a?ast????µ?
  s??µat?sµ? µ?a? e?ast???? ?????.
• ?? d?µ???? µ???de? ????????????? d?µ???????? µ?a
  pt???t? d?aµ??f?s? ?p?? s??d???ta? ???ta
  asßest???, a??µesa se pa??????e? a??s?da. ?
  ta?t??? a?t? a????????a t?p?? a????????
  eµfa???eta? pe???d??? s??µat??eta? µ?a
  t??d??stat? d??ta?? µe ???a??µ??e? ???e?, ??
  ?p??e? s??d???ta? µe µ???de? p???-? ? p???-(?-G).
  
• ?at? s???pe?a, ? d?µ? t?? p???µe???? e??a? ?
  pa????? p?? ?a?????e? t?? ?e??????? s?µpe??f???
  t?? ?e??? a???????? ?????. ? a?a????a ?a? t?
  µ???? t?? s??µat?sµ?? p???-G ???µ??e? t??
  s??µat?sµ? ?a? t?? ?s?? t?? ?e???, ?? ?p??e?
  pa?as?e?????ta? pa???s?a asßest???

67
???se?? st? fa?µa?e?t???

• Se pa??se?? t?? pept????
• Kat? ?a???a s??d?????ta? µe d?tta???a???? s?da
  ?a? ?d???e?d?? t?? a???µ????? ?a? ?aµß????ta?
  µet? t? ?e?µa. ? ???t?ta t?? st?µ???? e?e??e???e?
  a??????? ???, t? ?p??? s??µat??e? µ?a af??d? ????
  (e?e??e???eta? d???e?d?? t?? ????a?a) ?a?
  d?µ?????e? ??a ep?p????ta f?a?µ? ep??? st?
  ?ast???? pe??e??µe??. ? pa???d??µ?s?, e??
  s?µßa??e?, pe??????eta? ?a? ? ???? p??state?e?
  t?? ß?e??????? t?? ??s?f???? ap? ta ?ast????
  ????.
• ?at a?a????a, ?? a??t??? p???sa??a??te?
  e?s?µat????ta? se pa?as?e??sµata (?ast????
  a?t?????a) ??a t?? s?µpt?µat??? a???? d?ata?a???
  p?? ?fe????ta? se pa???????? ???t?ta
  pa???d??µ?s?, ??s?fa??t?da, d?af?a?µat????? ?a?
  p???s? (????µ? p?s? ap? t? st???? ap?
  ?ast??-??s?fa???? pa???d??µ?s?).

68
???se?? st? fa?µa?e?t???

• Ta µet? ?at???? ??ata t?? ß-p???-D-µa???????????
  ????? p??te????ta? sa? s?µp????µata se d?a?te?
  pe?????sµ?? ?e?µ?d?? ?at? t? ?e?ape?a t??
  pa??sa???a?. ?aµß????ta? p??? t? ?e?µa,
  d????????ta? st? st?µ??? ?a? a??a???? t? a?s??µa
  t?? ???esµ?? µe µ????te?? ?ata????s? t??f??.
• ?? a??????? asß?st?? d?a???e?ta? ep?s?? ?p?
  µ??f?? a?µ?stat???? ß?µßa??? ? ???a? (ep?d?sµ??)
  ?at? t?? epaf? t?? µe a?µa ? e????µata s??µat??e?
  ???d? ???? µe ap?t??esµa t?? ta?e?a a?µ?stas?. ?a
  p?????ta a?t? ???s?µ?p?????ta? e????? se
  e?tetaµ??e? ep?fa?e?a??? a?µ???a??e?, ????
  t?a?µata, ? se ep?sta??, ?a??? ?a? st??
  st?µat?????a (sa? a?µ?stat??? pa?as?e??sµata ?at?
  t?? e?a???? d??t???). ?? a??????? asß?st??
  d?at??eta? a??µ? ?p? µ??f?? ep???µat??, ?a??? ?a?
  sa? s???? (e???f?µa). ???s?µ?p??e?ta? ep?s?? ??
  s???? ep?p?se?? se aµ???? (st? s?µpt?µat???
  ?e?ape?a de?µat???? e????).

69
???se?? st? fa?µa?e?t??? te???????a

•  
• St?? fa?µa?e?t??? te???????a ta a??????? p???µe??
  e?t?µ??ta? ??a t??
• d?????t???? ?a? s??det???? t??? ?d??t?te?
  (sta?e??p???t?? ?a?a?t?µ?t?? ?a? e?a????µ?t??),
• ?a? ??a t?? ap?sa???t??? t??? d??s? (pa?as?e??
  d?s????).
• ???s?µ?p?????ta? a??µ? se p?????ta ß?ade?a?
  ap?d?sµe?s?? (d?s??a µe ?d??f??? pe??ß??µa) ?a?
  se p?????ta a??e?t??? st? ?ast???? ???t?ta
  (??????e? µe e?te???? ep?????µµa).
• ? ??sµ?t?????a ep?fe?e?ta? ap? t? µa?a?t??? ?a?
  e??dat??? t??? d??s? ?a???, ap? t?? ?d??t?t? t???
  ?a s??µat????? ?µ???? ?a? ap? t?? ??a??t?t? t???
  ?a d????? p?????ta ta ?p??a ap?????ta? e????a st?
  d??µa ?a? e??a? e?????sta st?? af?.

70
Fucus

• ? ?a???? t?? Fucus ???s?µ?p??e?ta? st?
  f?t??e?ape?a µe t?? a??????e? e?de??e??
  pa?ad?s?a?? ???s?µ?p??e?ta? sa? ß????t??? se
  d?a?te? ad??at?sµat??. ? ??de??? pa?ad?s?a??
  p??fa??? ßas??eta? st? µ? ap?dede??µ??? ?p??es?,
  µe t?? ?p??a s??d?eta? ? p??s???? ??d??? µe t??
  ?pe??????s? ??µ???? t?? ???e?e?d?, µe s???pe?a
  t?? a???µ??? ?ataß???sµ? t?? ??p???
• ? ?a???? t?? Fucus e??a? ?pa?t??? µe d?????t???
  d??s?, ?p?? ?a? ?? ?a???? t?? Laminaria, Chondrus
  ?a? Ascophyllum. ?? a??t??? ?a????
  ???s?µ?p?????ta? st?? s?st?µat??? a?t?µet?p?s?
  t?? d?s??????t?ta?, ?st?s? st?? pe??pt?s? t??
  fa??f???? p??pe? ?a p??sd?????eta? ? µ???st?
  s?????t??s? t?? d?ast???? s?stat???? p???e?µ????
  t? p????? ?a d?a??te? ?de?a ?????f???a?. G?a
  pa??de??µa ? WHO s???st? ?? µ???st? ?µe??s?a
  p??s???? ??d??? ta 100 140 µg ?a? a??tat? ????
  t? 1mg (17 µg/?g).

71
???d???? ap? p?????ta µe f???

• ? ???d???? ap? ?pe?d?s?????a ??d??? µe ta
  p?????ta ap? ?a??ss?a f??? de? e??a? aµe??t???
  ef?s?? ? ?µe??s?a p??s???? ?pe??a??pte? t??
  a????e?, ? µa????????a ???? s?µp????µ?t??, a??µ?
  ?a? se µ????? p?s?t?te?, µp??e? ?a p???a??se?
  s?µpt?µata ???e?e?d?sµ?? se e?a?s??ta ?t?µa.
• ?at? t?? e???µ?s??? e??a? p??t?µ?te?? ?a µ??
  ????????ta? ta p?????ta a?t?, a??? ?a? ?at? t?
  ???asµ?, ef?s?? t? ??d?? d????eta? st? µ?t????
  ???a.
• ?????? s????afe?? s?µß???e???? ?a µ?? ????????ta?
  p?????ta µe Fucus sta pa?d??. Ge????te?a,
  p?????ta p?? pe??????? ??d?? de? p??pe? ?a
  ???s?µ?p?????ta? ????? t? s?µß???? e?d????.
• ??a?t?a? t?? d??at?t?t?? t??? ?a s?ss??e????
  µeta???e?d? ?a? ßa??a µ?ta??a, ta ?a??ss?a f???
  apa?t??? t? µe??st? epa???p??s? s?et??? µe t??
  p????e?s? t??? ?a? t?? efa?µ??? ??s?ast????
  p???t???? e??????.

72
?????G?????S

• ?? ?a??a?e???e?, pa?a?aµß????ta? ap? d??f??a
  ?a??ss?a f??? t?? ?????e?e??? Rodophyceae,
  Gigartinaceae, Solieraceae, Hypneaceae ?a?
  Furcellariaceae, µet? ap? ?ate??as?a µe ?e?µ?
  ?d?? ?a? ?a????s? µe a??a????, µe?a????,
  p??pa????-2 ? ?d???e?d?? t?? ?a????. ???pe? ?a
  pe??????? ap? 15 µ???? 40 ?e??, e?f?asµ??? se
  ?e???? ??ata.

73
Chondrus crispus

• ? ??t?s? ??a ?a??a?e???e? ?a??pteta? st?
  µe?a??te?? µ???? t?? µe e?????se?? t?? Chondrus
  crispus
• ? ?a??ss?? a?t? f????, ???st? ?a? sa?
• ???a?d???? ?e????a?, ??e? µ???? µ??e??? ?a?
• d?a??ad?sµ??? ?a???. ???s?????ta? se ß?????? t??
  a?t??
• t?? ?t?a?t???? O?ea??? ?a? t?? ??????,
• ?p?? ?a? s?????eta? ?e????a?t???.
• ?? e?d?? e??a? d??at?? ?a ?a???e????e? ep?s?? se
  de?aµe???.

74
??µ? t?? ?a??a?e?a???

• ????e?ta? ??a ?a?a?t??e? ? p???µe?? D-
  ?a?a?t????, µe ????? p?s?st? ?e????? ?µ?d??.
  ???a? a????ta µe p???????µ??? ??e?t????te? ?a?
  ????? µ???a?? ß???? ap? 105 µ???? 106 . ??e? ??
  ?a??a?e???e? ????? ??aµµ??? d?µ? t?p?? (??)n, µe
  a??ep???????? desµ??? t?p?? 1?3 ?a? 1?4, ?p?? ?
  ?a ? e??a? µ???de? ?a?a?t?p??a?????.
• ?? µ???de? ? ?a? ? f????? p??ta ?e???? ?µ?da,
  st? ??s? 2 ? 4 ??a t?? ? ?a? st? ??s? 2 ? 6 (?
  ?a? st?? d??) ??a t?? ?. ? µ???da ? e??a? d??at??
  ?a e??a? ? D- ?a?a?t??? ? es?te????? a????a?
  3,6-a??d??-D-?a?a?t???.
• ??a??????ta? ept? t?p?? ?a??a?e?????, a?????a µe
  t? e?d?? t?? a?????????a?.

75
???se?? t?? ?a??a?e?a???.

• ? fa?µa?e?t??? ß??µ??a??a a???p??e? t?? ?d??t?t??
  t?? p??t?µ?t?? ??a t?? efa?µ???? st? fa?µa?e?t???
  te???????a (p.?., µ??f?p???s? ??eµ?? ?a?
  ?a?a?t?µ?t??), ?a??? ep?s?? ?a? ??a t??
  ?e?ape?t???? efa?µ???? ? ??a t? d?aß?t?
  s?µpt?µat??? a?t?µet?p?s? t?? d?s??????t?ta?
  (a????e? t?? ???? t?? ??p?????), p??stas?a t??
  e?te????? ß?e????????, ???s? ?? s?µp????µa se
  d?a?te? pe?????sµ???? ?e?µ?d?? (a??????? t??
  a?s??s? t?? ???esµ??). ?? ?a?a?e???e?
  ???s?µ?p?????ta? ep?s?? st? µ??f?p???s? p?????t??
  ???e???? ?a? ?a????t???? ?d??t?paste?, saµp????,
  a???f??, ???µe?, p??t?µata, ??s???, ?a? ??t?
  ?a?'e???.
• ?? p??s?ete? ???se?? t?? ?a??a?e?a??? e??a?
  ??s?ast??? ??e? st?? pe????? t??f?µ??. ??t? ta
  p???µe?? s?µata (? ?a? ?-?a??a?e???e?), p?? de?
  ap????f??ta?, de? p?pt??ta?, ?a? e??a? µ? t??????
  ??s?e? (E407), e?s?µat????ta? se ?aµ????
  s???e?t??se?? sa?
• -pa?????te? s??µat?sµ?? ?????, sta?e??p???t??,
  a?asta?t???? pa?????te? t?? ???st????s?? pa??t??,
  ??p, se ?a?a?t???µ??? p?????ta (?p??
  e?µeta??e???ta? t?? a????ep?d?as? µe t??
  p??te??e? ???a?t??), ?a? ep?s?? se ?dat???
  p?????ta
• - ?? sta?e??p???t?? ? p????t??? µ?sa se
  ?a?a?t?µata (?-?a?a?e???e?).

76
?G??

• S?µf??a µe t?? 3? ??d?s? t?? e???pa????
  Fa?µa??p???a?, t? ??a? ap?te?e?ta? ap?
  p???sa??a??te? ap? d??f??a e?d? Rhodophyceae /
  ??d?f???, ?????? t?? ?????? Gelidium.
  ?a?a?aµß??eta? µe e?????s?, µet? ap? ?ate??as?a
  t?? f???? µe ß?ast? ?e??. ?? e?????sµa d???e?ta?
  e? ?e?µ?, s?µp?????eta? ?a? ???a??eta?.

77
????? ??a?

• ?p?? ?a? ?? ?a??a?e???e?, t? ??a? e??????eta? ap?
  t??? ?a????? d?af???? e?d?? Rhodophyceae. ?eta??
  t?? p???????µ?? e?d?? p?? ???s?µ?p?????ta? e??a?
  e?e??a t?? ?????? Gelidium, p?? p???????ta? ap?
  ???asse? e???at?? ?a? ?e?µ?? pe??????, ?a? ta
  ?p??a ????? pte??e?d? d?a???d?s? (G. corneum
  Hudson Lamouroux, G. amansii Lamouroux).
  ??af????ta? ep?s?? d??f??a e?d? Gracilaria (G.
  confervoides Greville ap? t?? ß??e?e? a?t?? t??
  ?t?a?t????, G. lichenoides Agardh de Java) ?a???
  ?a? ???sµ??a e?d? t?? ?e??? Gelidiela ?a?
  Pterocladia.
• ??a ta a??t??? e?d? e??a? µ????? µe?????? ?a?
  a?apt?ss??ta? p??s?????µ??a se ß??????.

78
??µ? ??a?

• ? p???sa??a??t?? a?t?? e??a? ?a?a?t??? µe
  p???p???? d?µ?, ?a? st? pa?e???? ?e??e?t? µ??µa
  d?? ??asµ?t??, t?? a?a????? ?a? t??
  a?a??p??t????. S
• t?? p?a?µat???t?ta e??a? ??a µetaß??t? µ??µa
  e?d??µes?? d?µ?? µeta?? t???? a??a??? µ??f??
  a?a?????, p???staf?????? a?a????? ?a? µ?a? µ??f??
  µe p????? ?e????? ?µ?de?, ????? p??????
  es?te?????? a????e?.
• ? a?a???? e??a? ??aµµ??? p???µe???, µe ???e?
  ?e????? ?µ?de? ?a? ??e? ??aµµ??? d?µ? t?p?? (??)n
  µe e?a??ass?µe???? 1?3 1?4 desµ???, st???
  ?p????? ?? ?µ?de? ? e??a? D-?a?a?t??? µe?????
  µe?????µ??? ?a? ?? ?µ?de? ? e??a? L-?a?a?t???
  (s?ed?? p??ta t?p?? 3,6-a??d?? L-?a?a?t???).
• ? p????ß??? a?a???? e??a? ep?s?? pt??? se
  ?e????? ?µ?de? ?a? pe????e? µe???? a?a????a
  es?te????? a??d??t?? (3,6). ??a µ???? p?s?st? t??
  ?µ?d?? ? e??a? 4,6-?-(1-?a?ß???a?????de??) -
  D-?a?a?t???, ?p?? ta ?d??????a t?? a??????? C-4
  ?a? C-6 e??a? desµe?µ??a se µ?a ??????? ?et??? ?
  ?p??a s??µat??eta? µet? ap? a?t?d?as? µe t?
  p???staf????? ???. ?? a?a????e? t?? d?af????
  µ??f?? p???????? a?????a µe t? pa?a???? e?d??.

79
?d??t?te?-???se??

• ?? ??a? d?a??eta? se ?est? ?e?? ?a? µe ????
  s??µat??e? pa????e?ste? ???e? ? a?a????
  s??µat??e? d?µ?? se d?p?? ????a, ?? ?p??e?
  s?ss?µat????ta? se ??a t??sd??stat? p???µa ??a??
  ?a s????ate? µ???a ?e???.
• ?e? e??a? af?µ???s?µ?, de? ?f?stata? ??µ?s? ?a?
  e??a? µ? t?????, ?ste ?a µp??e? ?a
  ???s?µ?p??e?ta? sa? µ??a???? ?pa?t??? t? ?p???
  d?a µe a???s? t?? ????? ?a? t?? ???as?a? t??
  e?te????? pe??e??µ???? ?a? ???µ??e? t?? ?e??se??.
  ???a? a??µ? d??at?? ?a ???s?µ?p????e? ??a t??
  pa?as?e?? s?e?asµ?t?? ??a t?? p??stas?a t??
  ?ast?e?te????? s?st?µat??.
• St? ßa?t????????a t? ??a? ???s?µ?p??e?ta?
  ??ass??? sa? ?p?st??µa ??a t?? ?a??????e?e? ?a?
  ??a t?? pa?a???? f?t?? in vitro.
• St? ß????µe?a ???s?µ?p??e?ta? ??a t?? pa?as?e??
  a??e?t???? ????? µe p???????µe? ???se?? µ??? ?
  se s??d?asµ? µe p???a????aµ?d?? ???s?µ?p??e?ta?
  sa? stat??? f?s? st? ???µat???af?a ap???e?sµ??,
  e?? µet? ap? e??f?a?µ?sµ? µe d??f??a s?stat???
  st? ???µat???af?a s?????e?a?. ?p?s?? e??a?
  ?p?st??µa / stat??? f?s? st?? ??e?t??f???s? ?a?
  se d??f??e? a??s???????? te??????.
• ?p?? ?a? ???a ?d???????e?d? f?t???? p????e?s??,
  t? ??a?-??a? e??a? e??e???µ??? p??s?et? ?f??
  (?406) ?a? ???s?µ?p??e?ta? st?? te???????a
  t??f?µ??.

80
????????S ??G????s??. ??T?G???S
?T???? ??? ??????S?????? ??????S?????
?T??O? F??????????? ????? ?????S F??????G?OS??S

• ????S????????S
• ?O? ??O???O? F??O?
• ???G????S ????S????????S
• ?????
• ?????????
• ??????????S ???S
• F????????S
• ?F????G?S
• ?????S ???G?S

http//eclass.uoa.gr/courses/PHARM140/
81
1. ?µ???

• ?? ?µ??? ap?te?e? t?? ????a ap????e?t??? ??s?a
  sta f?t?, ?a? ta?t?????a µ?a apa?a?t?t? p???
  e????e?a? ??a t?? ?????p? ?a? ??a a?a???µ?ta ??a.
  ?a??? se ??a ta f?t??? ???a?a, s???e?t???eta?
  ?at? p??t?µ?s? sta e???
• sta sp??µata t?? d?µ?t??a??? (ß??µ?, s?t???,
  ?a?aµp???, ???????, ????, s??a?? ?a? t? s????,
  µeta?? ?????), sta ?sp??a (fas???a, µp?????a,
  ?eß???a, ??????, fa???, ?a? ???a), ? se ???a e?d?
  (?asta????), ?.?.p.
• se ?a?p??? a?t?de?t?? (Artocarpus communis
  Forst., Moraceae), ?a? µpa???a (?d??? ? aµ???d??
  p??????a plantain) (Musa paradisiaca L.,
  Musaceae), ?.?p.
• sta ?p??e?a tµ?µata d?af???? e?d??- st??
  ???d???p???µ??e? ???e? t?? f?t?? t?? pat?ta?, t??
  Manihot (tap???a ? ?µ??? µa????a?-cassava) st??
  ?????pat?te?, st?? d??s????e?, sta ????µata t??
  f?t?? ??????ss? (Colocasia esculenta), ??p
• a??µ? ?a? st?? ???a, ?p?? e??a? ? pe??pt?s? t??
  s???, p?? pa???eta? ap? t?? st?p? t?? f?????a
  Metroxylon sagu Rottb. ( M. rumphii Martius).

82
??µ?t??a??

• ??µ??? s???es? t?? sp??µat?? (µ? sa??a??d???
  s?stat???).
• ? pe??e?t???t?t? t?? se ?e?? e??a? s??????
  pe??p?? 10.
• ?? p?s?st? t?? a????a??? s?stat???? e??a? ?aµ???,
  ?d?a?te?a st? ?a?aµp???. ? f?sf???? ?a? ? s?d????
  ß??s???ta? se s?µa?t???? p?s?t?te? st? ???? ?a?
  t? s?t???, a??? ap? t?? ???? p?e???, ??a ta
  s?t??? e??a? ft??? se asß?st??.
• ?a ??p?d?a (t??????e??d?a, ?e?????e?, pa?????a
  ste?????) ap????e???ta? ?????? st? ?µß???, ?a? ?
  pe??e?t???t?ta se ??p?d?a se s??s? µe t? ß????
  t?? ?a?p?? ??µa??eta? ap? 2 ??? 5.
• ? pe??e?t???t?ta se p??te??e? ??µa??eta? e?????
  ap? 8 (????) ?? 15 (s?t??). Ost?s?, a?t?? ??
  p??te??e? pa???s?????? ???e??? se s???e???µ??a
  aµ?????a, ? ?p??a pe??????e? s?et??? t?
  d?a?t?t??? a??a t???. ? ß???????? a??a ?at?
  a????sa se??? e??a? e?e??e??sµ??? s?t???,
  ?a?aµp???, ?e???, ???????? s?t???, ???????,
  ß??µ?, ???? ?a? ?????? ?af? ????.
• ??a ta d?µ?t??a?? e??a? a?epa??? se ß?taµ??? ?,
  ?a? ? d?ad??as?a e?e??e??sµ?? ap?µa????e? ??a
  µe???? µ???? t?? ?µ?da? ß?taµ???? ? p?? ?p???e
  a????? st? p???e? sp??µa.
• ?a? '??a a?t?, ? ?a??????e?a t?? Poaceae ?ta?
  a?t? p?? ?d???se st? ?????s? t?? ?e????a? ?at? t?
  ?e??????? ep???, ?a??? ???e ??a? ap? t???
  µe?????? a????p????? ????sµ??? s???dee t? µ???a
  t?? µe ??p??? ap? ta ????a d?µ?t??a??. St?? µ??e?
  µa?, a??µ? t? 80 t?? ?e?µ?d?? p?? apa?t???ta?
  ??a t?? a????p?t?ta pa?????ta? ap? d?µ?t??a??.