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Volcanoes

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The three types of volcanic ... flat land Landforms From ... Both a dike and a sill form when magma hardens in a crack A dike forms when magma hardens ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Volcanoes


1
Volcanoes
  • Volcanic Landforms

2
  • What landforms does lava create on Earths
    surface?
  • How does magma that hardens beneath the surface
    create landforms?

3
Landforms From Lava Ash
4
Shield Volcano
  • A wide, gently-sloping mountain made of layers of
    lava and formed by quiet eruptions
  • Example The Hawaiian Islands

5
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6
Cinder Cone
  • A steep, cone-shaped hill or mountain made of
    volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled of around
    a volcanos opening
  • Example Sunset crater in Arizona

7
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8
Composite Volcano
  • A tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of
    lava alternate with layers of ash and other
    volcanic materials
  • Example Mount St. Helens in Washington and Mount
    Fuji in Japan

9
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10
Caldera
  • The large hole at the top of a volcano formed
    when the volcanos magma chamber collapses

11
What are the three types of volcanic mountains?
  • The three types of volcanic mountains are
  • Shield volcanoes
  • Cinder cone volcanoes
  • Composite volcanoes

12
What landforms does lava create on Earths
surface? Explain how each landform is formed.
  • Shield volcanoes
  • Lava pours out of the volcanos vent and hardens
    creating new layers of rock
  • Cinder cone volcanoes
  • Ash, cinders, and bombs pile up around the
    volcano vent in a cone-shaped pile
  • Composite volcanoes
  • Quiet eruptions (lava flow) alternate with
    explosive eruptions (ash, cinders, and bombs)
    creating a tall cone-shaped mountain
  • Lava plateaus
  • Lava fills the cracks in Earth creating higher
    elevated, flat land

13
Landforms From Magma
14
Volcanic Neck
  • A deposit of hardened magma in a volcanos pipe
  • Looks like a giant tooth stuck in the ground

15
Dike
  • A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma hardens
    in a vertical crack

16
Sill
  • A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma hardens
    in a horizontal crack

17
Compare and Contrast What is the difference
between a dike and a sill?
  • Both a dike and a sill form when magma hardens in
    a crack
  • A dike forms when magma hardens into a vertical
    crack
  • A sill forms when magma hardens into a horizontal
    crack

18
Batholith
  • A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma
    cooled inside the crust

19
How does magma that hardens beneath the surface
create landforms?
  • Volcanic necks
  • Magma hardens inside the volcanos pipe and the
    softer layer around the pipe wears away
  • Dikes
  • Magma forces its way into vertical cracks in the
    crust and hardens
  • Sill
  • Magma squeezes between horizontal layers of rock
    and hardens
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