Warm-up

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Warm-up

• Why do you think that the Spanish colonists
  wanted to break away from Spain?

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Unrest and Revolution
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Colonists Grow Unhappy with Spain

• As the small colonies grew into towns, the
  settlers worked together to solve their own
  problems.

• The settlers couldnt wait for Spain to direct
  them.
• The settlers felt that the king lived too far
  away to truly understand their needs.

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• In the last decades of the 1700s Spain became
  involved in huge problems in Europe.
• Conflicts with England and France took up most of
  Spains time and money.

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Spain didn't have enough money to spend on
the new towns in current-day Texas.
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How was Spain going to get money to fight the
conflicts with England and France?

• Spain placed HEAVY TAXES on the settlers in
  Texas.
• Spain forced the settlers in Texas to donate
  money to pay for European wars.

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• How would you like to work hard all week and have
  to give the Spanish King and Queen take most of
  your income/money in taxes?
• What you had left, they tried to make you
  donate to Spain to pay for their European Wars.
  

Would you be upset like the Spanish Texas
settlers?
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• By 1800, the settlers were feeling dissatisfied.
• Colonists were unhappy with the Spanish rulers.
• Colonists wanted to make their own rules.

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The Enlightenment Movement

• People tried to apply reason and science to all
  aspects of society, including government.
• This movement challenged the idea that kings had
  a God-given right to rule.
• A government should support the peoples nature
  rights and interests. (If a government does not
  do this, it should be replaced.)

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Father Hidalgo Calls for Independence

• Father Hidalgo believed strongly in the ideals of
  the Enlightenment.
• Father Hidalgo worked among Mexican farming
  families for years just north of Mexico City.
  He saw how these families struggled and how
  Spains crown neglected to help them.

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• Father Hidalgo knew that as long as the king was
  in charge, conditions for these Mexican families
  would never change.
• Father Hidalgo called for the liberation of the
  Mexican people from Spain.
• (liberation the act of becoming free)

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• When the king and queen of Spain heard that
  Father Hidalgo was conspiring to overthrow the
  Spanish government, they decided to ARREST HIM.
• Hidalgo heard about this beforehand and knew he
  had three choices
• stay in Dolores (small town north of Mexico City)
• hide out and hope not to get caught
• begin a revolution

conspiring to join in a secret agreement
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What will Father Hidalgo do?
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Grito de Dolores
Cry of Dolores
www.vivasancarlos.com/ call_ind.html

• On September 16, 1810, Father Hidalgo gave a
  speech titled Grito de Dolores. (Remember
  Dolores was the city he was in, just north of
  Mexico City.)
• In the speech, Hidalgo called for Mexican
  citizens to rise up and fight for independence.

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Father Hidalgo is killed.

• On his was to meet up with his supporters,
  Hidalgo was seized by Spanish authorities and
  executed.
• Although Father Hidalgo did not live to see
  Mexican independence from Spain, he had a great
  effect on the future of
  Mexico and Texas.

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Warm-Up

• Compare Father Hidalgos speech to the
  Declaration of Independence. How are they similar
  and how are they different?

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Hidalgos Supporters Rebel Against Spain

• A group of rebels led by Juan Bautista de las
  Casas overthrew the Spanish government in San
  Antonio.
• They named Las Casas governor and then took
  control of La Bahia and Nacogdoches.
• On January 22, 1811, Las Casas declared the
  Mexican state of Texas independent of Spain.

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Mexican Unrest Continues

• Even though the rebellions led by Hidalgo and Las
  Casas failed, people began opening their eyes to
  the possibility of freedom from Spanish control.
• They believed that with the right army, the
  colonists could win their independence.

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Jose Bernardo Gutierrez

• Gutierrez and his army commander, Augustus Magee,
  marched back to Texas and briefly took control
  from Spain. (They were defeated shortly
  thereafter.)

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Meanwhile in Spain

• A group of liberals staged a successful revolt in
  1820.
• This revolt forced the king of Spain to make
  changes.
• The conservatives in Spain started to think twice
  about all of its choices.
• Many conservatives joined with Father Hidalgos
  followers to defeat Spanish forces.

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August 24, 1821

• A treaty was signed, making Mexico independent
  from Spain.
• Texas then became the new Republic of Mexico.

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Spanish Influence Lives On

• Spaniards explored Texas, built towns,
  established missions, and developed missions for
  hundreds of years.
• Spanish culture, language, customs, beliefs, etc.
  heavily impacted life in Texas.
• Even though Spain lost political control of
  Texas, Spanish influence has remained
  strong throughout history.

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MEXICO AFTER INDEPENDENCE, 1821
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Spanish Rule Ends in Mexico
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Mexico Wins Independence

• After the death of Father Hidalgo and Father
  Pavon (two leaders of Mexican Independence), the
  revolution seemed at an end.
• In 1820 political changes in Spain weakened the
  government and breathed new life into the revolt.
• Agustin de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero led an
  army that defeated Spain and Mexico won its
  independence.

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Now What
This war of independence took a great toll on
both Mexico and Texas. Indian attacks on
settlements increased and little man-power
remained for defense. The loss of livestock and
crops due to the war destroyed the economy.

• By 1821 only about ½ of the population of tejanos
  remained (near 30,000 Indians still remained
  however).
• About 1,500 tejanos lived in San Antonio and
  around 1,000 lived in La Bahia (renamed Goliad in
  1829)
• Nacogdoches was deserted.

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Causes and Effects of Mexican Independence

• Causes
• Wide economic and social divisions between the
  rich and poor in New Spain
• Political corruption in Spain
• Examples of other revolutions, including the
  American Revolution and those occurring in Latin
  America
• Father Hidlagos Grito de Dolores

• Effects
• Creation of Mexico as an independent republic
• Economic ruin and loss of life in Mexico,
  including Texas.
• Political instability in Mexico
• Attempts to increase the Texas population with
  immigrants from Europe and the United States

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Tejano Ranchers

• Several ranches began to pop up and thrive around
  the Rio Grande Valley and Laredo. Livestock
  included cattle, horses and sheep.
• Martin de Leon was a famous tejano rancher who
  helped to establish the cattle industry in Texas
• Ranching also became a huge economy booster
  around the San Antonio area as well setting up
  trade with Louisiana and trading posts in Mexico
• Many of the wealthiest tejanos lived and worked
  on ranches in Texas.

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Mexican Policies in Texas

• Now that Mexico was an independent republic, they
  had to decide which Spanish policies to continue
  in Texas.
• THE MISSION SYSTEM
• Spain has begun to secularize the remaining
  mission beginning in 1793 (moving from religious
  to civil control)
• San Antonio de Valero was the first to be
  secularized and housed a military unit called San
  Jose y Santiago del Alamo de Parras.
• All Texas missions were secularized by 1831 and
  most of the Native Americans began to settle
  among the Spanish

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More Mexican Policies in Texas

• Mexico was concerned about the low population in
  Texas. Too much land and too few Tejanos
  defense??
• Few Mexicans wanted to live in the unsettled
  Texas frontier
• Right before the independence of Mexico, Spain
  had offered open immigration to the U.S.
• Would Mexico honor this offer??

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What did you learnAnswer the following based on
the powerpoint

• Under Spain, and then Mexico, what happened to
  the Mission System in Texas?
• It was secularized beginning in 1793 under Spain
  and finishing in 1831 under Mexico
• 2. How did the Mexican Independence affect Texas?
• It made Texas part of the independent nation of
  Mexico ruined the economy and drained the
  resources greatly decreased the Tejano
  population worsened Indian relations in Texas

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To Review