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Unit II Judeo-Christian Culture

• 1.What is the difference between the
• Jewish and Christian Bible?
• a.39 books in Hebrew, except for a
• few sections in Aramaic.
• b.the Old Testament and the 27
• books of the New Testament.

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2.Do the Protestants and the Roman Catholics
share the same version of the Old Testament?
a.the Bible of Judaism plus 7 other books
and additional books in Greek. b.the Bible of
Judaism.3.What is the significant feature in the
ordering of books in the Jewish Bible? a.the
Torah (Law), the books of Moses b.the Nebiim
(Prophets) c.the Ketubim (Writings)
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4.What is the significant feature in the
ordering of books in the Christian Old
Testament? a.the Pentateuch ????(Laws)
b.historical books c.poetic or wisdom books
d.prophetical books5.How important is Bible in
Jewish and Christian religious life? a.the
basis for public worship b.the basis for
private devotion
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6.What is the significant feature in the
ordering of books in New Testament? a.the four
Gospels (books about the life of Christ) by
Matthew, Mark, Luke and John b.the Acts of
the Apostles (chosen by Christ to spread
Christianity), an early history
c.Epistles (letters) of Paul and other
writers d.an apocalypse (books of revelation)
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THE OLD TESTAMENT1.How did early
Christians distinguish the Old Testament from
the New Testament? a.agreement God made
with Israel b.agreement made through Jesus
2.Why is the Old Testament in fact a
library more than a unified book? a.a big
collection of different books b.with various
types of literature c.and oral tradition in the
Near East
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3.Why is the Old Testament seen as a
narrative Hebrew history with God behind the
scenes? a.with books reporting past events
b.showing Gods power on human events
4.What are the general linguistic features of
the poetic works in the Old Testament?
a.parallelism b.rhythm
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5. What are the general themes of the
Hebrew wisdom poetry? a.advice for living a
successful life b.reflections on relationship
between following the wise path and
obedience to the divinely revealed law
c.the meaning of life in the face of
death6. Why do speeches predominate in the
Hebrew prophetic literature?
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The essence of prophetic activity was
to announce Gods words of punishment or
salvation, which concern the immediate
future.7. What are the Hebrew laws in the
Old Testament represent by? a.the
apodictic?????by the Ten Commandments
b.the casuistic???by problems of
conditionlegal consequences concerning
farming and town life
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8.When did the apocalyptic writings arise
and what are their major features? 500BC
a.disclosure of future events b.lengthy dream or
vision report c.with highly symbolic images and
according explanations d.reflecting the
authors historical view of his time
as one with evil powers final dash against
God, which will lead to a new age
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9.How is the Old Testament related to the
history of Israel? As the major source of
information concerning Israels history a.
the exodus from Egypt (1300 BC) b. monarchy
(1000 BC)-proper form of government to deal
with internal strife and external threat c.
the exile in Babylon-Jerusalem lost (597
BC)/destroyed (586 BC) b. the return to
Palestine (538 BC)
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Saint Jerome Saint Jerome is best known for his
translation of the Bible from Greek and Hebrew
into Latin. This translation, known as the
Vulgate, was used for many centuries. In this
portrait of Saint Jerome (1521) by German
Reformation artist Albrecht Dürer, he is shown
surrounded by his scholarly books and a skull, a
traditional reminder that death awaits us all.
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Kingdoms of Judah and Israel Despite his desire
to unify and improve the vast empire of his
father, King David, King Solomons oppressive
rule caused much dissension among the Israelites
and eventually led to the division of the kingdom
following his death. The northern part of his
realm became the kingdom of Israel, while the
southern became the kingdom of Judah.
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10.What are the major theological themes of
the Old Testament? A. Yahweh--the God of
Israel, of justice, fairness in all
affairs B. covenant--agreement (Yahweh/
Israel) sealed at Sinai law that governs
behavior in relation to others and
religious practices C. man--an animate body a
unity of physical matter and life, a gift
of God death as a vivid reality
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(No Transcript)
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Creation of Adam According to the book of
Genesis, the first book of the Bible, God created
Adam, the first man, in his own image from dust.
In this fresco from the ceiling of the Sistine
Chapel, Italian Renaissance artist Michelangelo
depicted God in human form, giving Adam the
breath of life.
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The Fall of Man When the woman saw
that the tree was good for food, and that it was
a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to
be desired to make one wise, she took of its
fruit, and ate and she gave some to her husband
with her, and he ate. The eyes of both of them
were opened, and they knew that they were naked.
They sewed fig leaves together, and made
themselves aprons.
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11.What are the spiritual standards of the
Old Testament? 1) Yahweh as the supreme God
2) no other gods to be worshiped 3) no cursing
others 4) observing Sunday as a holy day 5)
be pious to parents 6) no murdering 7) no
committing adultery 8) no stealing 9) no
lying against others10) no greed
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Moses Smashing the Commandments The Ten
Commandments serve as the fundamental moral laws
of Judaism and Christianity. According to the
Hebrew Bible (known to Christians as the Old
Testament), Moses received the Ten Commandments
directly from God on Mount Sinai. He smashed the
tablets upon returning from the top of the
mountain when he found that the Israelites had
begun to worship a golden calf.
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THE NEW TESTAMENT 1. What is the
original language of the New Testament?
Greek2. What are the four major types of
literature in its documents? A. Gospels with
accounts of Jesus arrest-trial-death-
resurrection B. History theological narrative
of Jesus and the Christian church set
in the history of Israel and of the Roman
Empire
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C. Epistles letters used by church leaders
and writers as sermons, exhortations or
treatises D. Apocalyptic writing visionary,
symbolic, pessimistic about future3. How is
the New Testament related to history? A.
with stories of Jesus and Christian church
in time sequence B. infancy story of Jesus set
on that of Moses in the Old Testament
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C. Apostles in 12 Israeli tribes and the
early church Peter, Andrew, James the
Great, Bartholomew, John, Philip, Thomas,
Matthew, James the less, Thaddeus, Simon,
Judas (replaced by Matthias) Paul,4. What are
the major theological themes of the New
Testament? A. God-creator sustainer of
universe source/end of all with love,
justice, mercy, judgment and forgiveness
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B. Jesus-as a prophet like Moses, the
second Adam, the Son of God, the eternal
mediator of creation and redemption, as
presence of God, his sufferings and death as
Gods relentless love, his resurrection as
Gods approval of his life, death, and
message C. Holy spirit-as active presence of
God, which empowered Jesus, the church,
disciples to serve the good
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D. Kingdom of God-as the central message of
Jesus in his ministry E. Salvation-redemption
coexists with creation even hostile spirits
would be brought into harmony with the
benevolent plan of God. F. Ethics-religious
belief connected with moral behavior
inwardly and in relation to others, and to
God all instructions based on the Old
Testament as Gods expectations
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5. What are the spiritual standards of the
New Testament? Love for God and others do to
one whatever you desire for him to do to
you no adultery no murdering no stealing
no false testimony no greed6. What is the
significance of the translation of Bible into
English? The Bible no longer possessed and
used by clergy alone English as a mixture of
French, Anglo-Norman
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Saint Mark Writing His Gospel This illuminated
manuscript depicting Saint Mark writing his
gospel, comes from a leaf of a 13th-century
Byzantine Psalter. According to tradition, during
the 1st century ad Mark authored the Bibles
second Gospel, relying upon the teachings of
Saint Peter.
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Timeline of the Gospels Derived from the Old
English word godspel, the word gospel means good
news, and refers to the life and teachings of
Jesus Christ. The four GospelsMatthew, Mark,
Luke, and Johncontain accounts of different time
periods and events in the life of Jesus Christ.
Matthew and Luke begin at the birth of Jesus,
while Mark and John begin at Jesus baptism.
While Mark, Matthew, and Luke provide similar
accounts in a similar style, John exhibits a
distinctive style and original accounts.
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The Birth of Christ Now the birth of
Jesus Christ was like this for after his mother,
Mary, was engaged to Joseph, before they came
together, she was found pregnant by the Holy
Spirit. Joseph, her husband, being a righteous
man, and not willing to make her a public
example, intended to put her away secretly. But
when he thought about these things, an angel of
the Lord appeared to him in a dream, saying,
"Joseph, son of David, don't be afraid to take to
yourself Mary, your wife, for that which is
conceived in her is of the Holy Spirit. She shall
bring forth a son. You shall call his name Jesus,
for it is he who shall save his people from their
sins."
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Jesus baptism Immediately following the baptism,
the Gospels describe the opening of the heavens
and the descent of the Holy Spirit. Baptism of
Christ, a panel painting by 15th-century Italian
artist Piero della Francesca, depicts the Holy
Spirit, in the form of a dove, descending above
the head of Christ.
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Ministry of Jesus After receiving his baptism
from John the Baptist on the shore of the Jordan
River, Jesus began three years of ministry.
During that time, Jesus traveled throughout the
provinces of Judea and Galileeareas now part of
Israel and the West Bank. At the conclusion of
his ministry, Jesus traveled to Jerusalem, where
he was crucified.
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Leonardo da Vincis The Last Supper (about
1495-1497) decorates a wall at Santa Maria delle
Grazie in Milan, Italy. This mural depicts the
moment immediately following Christs dramatic
announcement to his disciples that One of you
shall betray me.
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The Death of Christ Jesus turned to the
people, mourning and lamenting him "Daughters of
Jerusalem, don't weep for me, but weep for
yourselves and for your children. For the days
are coming in which they will say, 'Blessed are
the barren, the wombs that never bore, and the
breasts that never nursed.' Then they will begin
to tell the mountains, 'Fall on us!' and tell the
hills, 'Cover us.'For if they do these things in
the green tree, what will be done in the dry?"
There were also others, two criminals, led with
him to be put to death.
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Resurrection and ascension of Christ
Jesus lifted up his hands, and blessed them. It
happened, while he blessed them, that he withdrew
from them, and was carried up into heaven.
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The Ascension of Christ
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Fourteenth-century English theologian John
Wycliffe sponsored the first complete translation
of the Bible into English. He undertook the task
of making the Christian Scriptures generally
available to lay people. His writings later
inspired Martin Luther, leader of the Protestant
Reformation.