The Holocaust

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The Holocaust
http//www.teacheroz.com/hitler.htm
http//www.holocaustforgotten. com/holocaustphotos
.htm

• Angela Brown

http//remember.org/jacobs/BirkEntrance.html
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Lesson Targets

• Explain how persecution of Jews and other
  minorities increased in Germany under the Nazis
  during the 1930s.
• Describe how the Nazis carried out their plans
  for genocide.

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http//history.grand-forks.k12.nd.us/ndhistory/Les
sonImages/Sources/Pictures/holocaust202.jpg

• Six million Jews 2/3 of Europes Jewish
  population massacred by the end of WWII
• 5 to 6 million other people died in Nazi captivity

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The Start of Persecution

• Semitic peoples include Arabs, Ethiopians, other
  Middle Eastern and North African groups as well
  as Jews.
• Anti-Semitism came to mean hostility toward Jews
  by 1880s.

http//www.unitedhumanrights.org/history_of_the_ho
locaust_3.jpg
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The Nazis Take Action

• 1935 Nuremberg Laws strip Jews of German
  citizenship and forbid marriage between Jews and
  non-Jews.

Ghetto Ration Card
http//fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery/p137.h
tm
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The Ghetto Wall

• 1937 and 1938 Aryanize Jewish businesses,
  required Jews to register their property and
  dismissed Jewish employees and managers - Jewish
  doctors could only treat Jews Identification
  cards J

http//fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery/p075.h
tm
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• SA police unit to silence opposition to Nazis
• SS elite guard, private army of Nazi party
• Secret State police Gestapo pursue people who
  broke laws of Nazi regime

http//fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery/50994.
htm
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Concentration Camps
http//fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/GALL31R/00001.
htm

• prisoners of war and political prisoners are
  confined
• (homeless, homosexuals, Jehovahs witnesses,
  mentally and physically disabled, gypsies and
  Jews)

Entrance to Auschwitz Work makes one Free
9
Babi Yar

• On September 29-30, 1941, more than 33,000 Jewish
  residents of Kiev were marched to this site and
  systematically gunned down over the edge of the
  ravine by members of the Sonderkommando 4a of
  Einstazgruppen C. Thousands of Gypsies and Soviet
  POWs were also executed at this site between 1941
  and 1943.

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March to Babi Yar
http//fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery2/83025
.htm
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Kristallnacht

• 1938 after annexation of Austria attacks on
  Jews began
• Night of Broken Glass Nov 9-10 Nazis looted
  and destroyed Jewish stores, houses and
  synagogues mass arrests of Jews followed

http//www.nizkor.org/ftp.cgi/places /germany/ftp.
py?places /germany//kristallnacht/images/Kristl1.j
pg
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Refugees Seek an Escape

• 1933-1937 130,000 Jews fled Germany
• FDR responded to calls for action by Evian
  Conference If failed to address the problems
  only Dominican Republic of the 29 nations
  represented was willing to ease its immigration
  laws

http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/games/nazi_genocide_
timeline/open_images/open_1938_07_06.jpg
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From Murder to Genocide

• 1939 invasion of Poland 2 million Jews under
  German control
• 350,000 or 30 of the population of Warsaw placed
  in Ghettos sealed off by a wall topped with
  barbed wire guards
• Hunger, overcrowding, lack of sanitation disease

http//fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery/22058.
htm
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The Einsatzgruppen

• Special forces or mobile killing units were sent
  to Poland in 1939
• Systematically murdered members of Polands upper
  class,
• intellectuals, priests, and influential Jews
• 1941 eliminated communist political leaders and
  Jews during invasion of Soviet Union

http//fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery/p078.h
tm
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Wannsee Conference

• Jan 1942
• Government officials planned final solution to
  the Jewish question.
• Established concentration camps to eliminate Jews.

http//shamash.org/holocaust/photos/images/Furnace
.jpg
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The Death Camps
http//fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/GALL31R/50773.
htm

• 1941 began experimenting methods of
  extermination.
• Chose poison gas, zyklon B, to be administered in
  chambers designed as showers.
• 1st day, Dec. 1941, 2300 Jews killed.

Gas Chamber
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• 6 camps in Poland unlike other work camps
  death camps only for mass murder
• Trains inspected gas chambers bodies burned
  in huge ovens (crematoria)

http//www.holocaustforgotten.com/Dachau.htm
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In Camps

• shaved
• tattooed with registration numbers
• starved
• disease
• periodic selections

http//www.jewishgen.org/ForgottenCamps/Camps/DayE
ng.html
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The Camps
http//www.holocaustforgotten.com/Dachau.htm

• Buchewald
• 1937-1945
• labor camp
• 43,000 died

• Aucshwitz
• death camp Poland
• 1.5 million murdered
• 90 Jews

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Fighting Back

• 1943 Warsaw Ghetto revolted against deportation
  to Treblinka.
• Jews rioted at Treblinka Camp. It Closed.
• Escape was most common revolt. most attempts
  failed a few got away to warn others.

http//fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery /18192
.htm
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Rescue and Liberation

• American newspapers showed little interest in
  Holocaust during the war.
• Immigration quotas were not raised.
• 1944 despite Congress objection FDR formed War
  Refugee Board (WRB) try to help people
  threatened by Nazis saved 200,000 lives

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• May 1945 Germany collapsed American troops
  witnessed Holocaust.

http//fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/GALL31R/85600.
htm
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http//www.us.oup.com/us/brochure/0195182200/maps/
0195307666liberation.jpg
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http//www.holocaustcenterpgh.net/images/death_cha
rt.gif
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Nuremburg Trials
http//fcit.usf.edu/holocaust/gallery/10392.htm

• November 1945, Allies placed 24 leading Nazis on
  trial for crimes against humanity.
• 12 death sentences
• Trial established important principle
  Individuals are responsible for their own actions
  not just following orders.

Defendants Rudolf Hess and other Nazis during
the trial.
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Schindlers List

• Oskar Schindler
• 1300 Jews saved
• Today there are more than 6,000 descendants of
  Schindlers Jews living in the USA and Europe,
  and many in Israel. Before the Second World War,
  the Jewish population of Poland was 3.5 million.
  Today there are between 3,000 and 4,000 left.

http//www.oskarschindler.com/
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Exit Slip

• 1.In 1935, the Nazis passed the Nuremberg Laws
  to
• 2.People considered by the Nazis to be
  undesirable were
• 3.What was the final solution to the Jewish
  question, announced by the Nazis at the Wannsee
  Conference?

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Exit Slip

• In April 1943, how did Jews in Warsaw react
  against deportation to Treblinka?
• What did Roosevelt finally create, in January
  1944, to try to help the Jews?
• What was the important idea that came out of the
  Nuremberg Trials?