French Revolution: Revolution Brings Reform

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French RevolutionRevolution Brings Reform
Terror
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Objectives

1. Understand the actions of the National Assembly
   1790-1791 Declaration of the Rights of Man
   decision to take over the Church in France
2. Summarize the positions of the 3 factions of the
   Legislative Assembly that tried to govern France
3. Describe the events of the Reign of Terror under
   the National Convention the Jacobin leader,
   Robespierre
4. Explain the aftermath of the Reign of Terror

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National Assembly (204)
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• The National Assembly
• The Declaration of the Rights of Man (Aug. 27,
  1789)
• equality of all men
• political rights (life, liberty, property, etc.)
• free speech/religion
• official motto Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

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• The National Assembly takes control of the
  Catholic Church in France (1790)
• needs way to raise revenue w/o raising taxes
• confiscates Church lands
• places clergy under govt. control
• turns devout peasants against the revolution ?
  mainly an urban revolution of workers and
  bourgeosie
• Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette caught while
  trying to flee the country (June, 1791)
• returned to Paris under house arrest

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Legislative Assembly takes Charge (127)
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• The Legislative Assembly Forms/Fractures
• The Constitution of 1791 is ratified and creates
  a constitutional monarchy in France
• The new government is known as the Legislative
  Assembly

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x_________________________________________________
____________________xLeft Wing Centrist
Right Wing(Radicals) (Moderates)
(Conservatives)

• Immediately the L.A. splits into 3 factions over
  differences about how far the revolution should
  go
• Conservatives (Emigres Royalists) ? bring the
  King back to his rightful position of authority
• Sans-Culotes (Jacobins Radicals) ? get rid of
  King and create a democratic republic (like the
  U.S)
• Moderates ? middle-of- the- roaders who feel that
  France should keep its constitutional monarchy as
  created by the 1791 Constitution

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• France declared war on Austria (1792)
• Austria tried to have Louis XVI reinstated on
  throne (see revolution as a threat to their own
  power)
• France wants to try to export revolution to other
  countries
• Austria threatens to destroy Paris if Royal
  family harmed
• angers Parisian mobs ? storm palace place Louis
  family in prison
• September Massacres ? Parisian mob takes nobility
  prisoners out of prisons and massacres over 1,000
• Legislative Assembly resigns, dissolves the
  Constitution of 1791, deposes the king
• calls for election of new government ? the
  Jacobins win

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• The National Convention and the Reign of Terror
• The radical element of Leg. Assembly wins
  election (Sept. 1792) ? calls itself the National
  Convention
• The Jacobins
• most radical faction in Paris ? remove king
  est. a republic

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http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat

• Leaders
• Jean Paul Marat editor of Pariss radical
  newspaper
• Georges Danton gifted orator popular with
  lower classes
• Maximilien Robespierre leader of the Committee
  of Public Safety (charged with ferreting out the
  enemies of the revolution)

http//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danton
http//home.intekom.com/southafricanhistoryonline/
pages/classroom/pages/projects/grade8/lesson2/04-e
vents-02.htm
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The Terror (341)
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http//www.acsu.buffalo.edu/tt27/REV.html

• The Reign of Terror (1793-1794)
• Thousands of French citizens were executed on the
  guillotine during this period
• Fanatical paranoia led Robespierre to oversee a
  witch hunt
• playing cards not allowed to have Jacks, Queens,
  etc. due to its connection with royalty
• devoted to the logic/reason of the Enlightenment,
  churches were closed govt. was reformed along
  more reasonable lines
• excesses included a young man who was executed
  for cutting down a liberty tree
• Marie Antoinette was put to death for treason in
  1793 finally, Danton was beheaded for betraying
  his revolutionary ideals
• Estimated that as many as 40,000 may have been
  killed during this time (85 poor or urban
  middle-class)
• The Terror comes to an end
• July 28, 1794 Robespierre was condemned
  beheaded himself for treason? theTerror was
  finally over

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The Directory and Napoleons Rise to Power (145)
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• The Directory
• French opinion swings back to the right
• weary of the excesses of the radicals
• wanted stability
• Form the Directory in 1795
• moderate govt. that placed power in the hands of
  the upper middle class
• 2 house legislature w/ 5 man executive council
  (Directors)
• very weak type of government

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The Directory

• The Directory actually began to put into place
  many of the reforms the revolution started out to
  accomplish, but the Directory was very weak, and
  the power lied in the hands of the military
• A coup was put into place by one of the
  Directors, along with a rising military star
  named Napoleon.