CHAPTER 19 LESSON 1

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CHAPTER 19 LESSON 1 INTRO NOTES CAUSES FOR THE
FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1789
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FUNDAMENTAL CAUSE
The centuries-old conservative political,
economic, and social system to which every one in
France belonged was called the Old Regime
Ancien Regime This system was guilty of
abuse upon its 3rd Estate or class).
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Find King Louis the 3 estates
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This is the breakdown of population about 20
million and land distribution according to each
estate

• 1st Estate
• clergy
• .05 pop.
• 10 land ownership
• 2nd Estate
• nobility
• 1.5 pop.
• 20 land ownership

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• 3rd Estate the rest
• 98 pop.
• 70 land ownership
• 1. bourgeoisie .
• (wealthiest, most
• educated)
• 2. sans-culottes.
• (poor city workers)
• 3. peasants
• (worked the land)

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SECONDARY CAUSES
Slogan of the French Revolution Liberty,
Equality, and Fraternity that had been
influenced by
A. Enlightenment ideas
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B. English Civil War (1642)
Roundheads v Cavaliers C. Glorious
Revolution (1688) King James II
overthrown w/o bloodshed D. American
Revolution (1776 1783) Declaration of
Independence
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IMMEDIATE CAUSE

• By 1789, Louis XVI, the conservative French
  Bourbon king was faced with a major financial
  crisis as a result of Frances loss in the 1756
  
• Seven Years War
• Frances aid to American colonists in their
  war with Great Britain that began in 1776 and
  excessive deficit spending by the royal family,
  especially Louis wife,
• Queen Marie Antoinette French name for
  Maria Antonia daughter of Austrias Maria
  Theresa, from the Austrian
• Hapsburg dynasty, that was hated by the
  French people

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• bread shortages due to low grain production.
• 3. the unfair voting procedures of the French
• legislative body called the
• Estates General

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• a. each estate casts 1 vote despite the number
  of
• legislative representatives
• the 3rd Estate demands 1 vote by head for
  
• each representative instead of one vote
  per estate
• c. King Louis XVI denies the demand

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4. The first deliberate act of the French
Revolution occurs The 3rd Estate declares
itself a National Assembly this
newly formed moderate National Assembly, represent
ing all the people of France, not just
individual Estates, then promises its French
people their own constitution by declaring the
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Tennis Court Oath
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5. Bastille Day begins on July 14 in
1789 as symbol of the Revolution when
the prison-fortress is stormed for weapons 6.
The Great Fear (violent peasant revolts) causes
French nobles called émigrés to flee
France for fear of being killed these
nobles will then work outside France to try to
stop the revolution in France
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Throw Down with Louis!
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Chapter 19 Lesson 2 Notes Major Events of the
French Revolution
from the fleur de lis flag before the revolution
to the tri-color flag during and since the
revolution
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• After the 3rd Estate declares itself a
  National Assembly as the first deliberate act of
  the French Revolution the Parisians storm the
  Bastille for weapons to defend the new National
  Assembly the Great Fear, orchestrated by
  peasants, causes terrified French nobles, called
  émigrés, to flee their homeland, the
• Natl Assembly writes a bill of rights called
  the
• Declaration of the Rights of Man and the
  Constitution of 1791 providing France with a
  limited constitutional monarchy in the name of
  Louis XVI

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• 1st Estate lands are confiscated and
  privileges
• are revoked by a new anti-
• Catholic law called
• the Civil Constitution of the Clergy to pay
  off the
• states debts
• Natl Assembly dissolves itself and a new
  Legislative Assembly is elected

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1. Conservatives (royalists) sat on right
side of center an absolute
monarchy 2. Radicals to the left
of center depose king establish
republic 3. Centrists (moderates) in middle
limited constitutional monarchy

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• Problems faced by Leg. Assembly
• 1. émigrés work as counter-revolutionaries
• 2. The Paris Commune, city government
• radicals, supported by
• sans-culottes, demands a
• republic

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3. Austrian Hapsburgs and
Prussian Hohenzollerns declare war on
France 4. royal family
attempts
to
escape is imprisoned
since a limited monarchy is
no longer an option the
1791 Constitution must be
revoked
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• Legislative Assembly dissolves itself
• The National Convention is elected and
• radicals, called
• Jacobins, who lead the
• Mountain, take control over
• the conservatives called
• Girondists
• The monarchy is abolished

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introduction of a new killing machine
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King Louis XVI is guillotined
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• France is declared a republic
• Introduces universal manhood suffrage (all
• adult males given right to vote)
• Institutes conscription (the draft of a
  citizen-
• army) to defend against First Coalition,
  an
• alliance of foreign countries determined
  to
• prevent the revolution from spreading
  outside
• of France

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• A radical time period known as the
• Reign of Terror begins July 1793
• 1. is led by 3 Jacobins
• Robespierre, the
• most fanatical radical

(Robespierre carefully eyeing through groups of
French citizens to determine which ones are
enemies of the new French republic)
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Danton, editor of a Paris Commune
radical newspaper and Marat another
French revolutionary leader who will be
assassinated in his bathtub.
Charlotte Corday, Marats assassin
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• 2. these radical leaders establish a
  12-member
• court called the
• Committee of Public Safety,
• that within a years time, will
  execute about
• 40,000 enemies of the republic,
  including
• Queen Marie Antoinette and Danton
• 3. Terror ends in July 1794 with the
• Thermidorian Reaction when
• Robespierre is beheaded
• show my head to the people it
  will be
• worth it.
• The Constitution of
• 1795 creates a 5-man moderate executive
• branch called the
• Directory to rule France and the
  Directory
• chooses

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Napoleon Bonaparte to lead Frances citizen-army