Title: Career Counseling
1Career Counseling
- Chapters 11 6
- Elementary and Middle School
- Children with Disabilities
2Career DevelopmentMiddle and High School years
- Critical time of career path.
- Broaden career horizons
- Learn decision making skills
- Acquire vocational skills
- Appreciation of themselves
3Eight Elements of Career Education by OSU
- Career Awareness
- Self-Awareness
- Appreciation and Attitudes
- Decision-Making Skills
- Economic Awareness
- Skill Awareness and Beginning Competence
- Employability Skills
- Educational Awareness
4Programming for Career Development
- Planning by a team of professionals, parents and
representatives of community. - Materials and learning experiences of
developmental level of students. - Based on needs of students.
- Based on measurable objectives
- Evaluation plan
- Delivered by highly skills
5Program Development and Change
- If changing a program, rationale for change must
be communicated - Develop support for Change
- Teachers and Principals
- The Weve always done it this way people
- Must be endorsed by education leaders.
6The Concept of Career Development
- Theoretical Change-
- E.g. All elementary schools develop a vocational
self-concept, be aware of major groups of
occupations, develop an awareness of plan for
future, develop decision making skills. - Rational/Empirical base-Positivist Change-
- Changing stereotypes
- Developing a career district philosophy
7Establishing Needs
- Rural vs. Urban Needs
- What are the needs and possible implications?
- Needs assessment of the area?
- How do we start?
- Who are our students?
- What are their needs?
- What is the best approach to meeting their needs?
- Steering Committee
- Needs Assessment Survey (p.312)
8Writing Goals and Objectives Regarding Career
Education
- Long Range Goals
- Broad
- Short Range Goals
- Focused
- Observable and measurable.
- State and district PPOs.
9Career Development Competencies
- Career Development Competencies by Area and Level
- ELEMENTARY MIDDLE/JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL
ADULT - Self-Knowledge Knowledge of the importance of
self-concept. Knowledge of the influence of a
positive self-concept. Understanding the
influence of a positive self-concept. Skills to
maintain a positive self-concept. Skills to
interact with others. Skills to interact with
others. Skills to interact positively with
others. Skills to maintain effective behaviors.
Awareness of the importance of growth and change.
Knowledge of the importance of growth and change.
Understanding the impact of growth and
development. Understanding developmental changes
and transitions. - Educational and Occupational ExplorationAwareness
of the benefits of educational achievement.
Knowledge of the benefits of educational
achievement to career opportunities.
Understanding the relationship between
educational achievement and career planning.
Skills to enter and participate in education and
training. Awareness of the relationship between
work and learning. Understanding the relationship
between work and learning. Understanding the need
for positive attitudes toward work and learning.
Skills to participate in work and lifelong
learning. Skills to understand and use career
information. Skills to locate, understand, and
use career information. Skills to locate,
evaluate, and interpret career information.
Skills to locate, evaluate, and interpret career
information. Awareness of the importance of
personal responsibility and good work habits.
Knowledge of skills necessary to seek and obtain
jobs. Skills to prepare to seek, obtain,
maintain, and change jobs. Skills to prepare to
seek, obtain, maintain, and change jobs.
Awareness of how work relates to the needs and
functions of society. Understanding how work
relates to the needs and functions of the economy
and society. Understanding how societal needs and
functions influence the nature and structure of
work. Understanding how the needs and functions
of society influence the nature and structure of
work. - Career PlanningUnderstanding how to make
decisions. Skills to make decisions. Skills to
make decisions. Skills to make decisions.
Awareness of the interrelationship of life roles.
Knowledge of the interrelationship of life roles.
Understanding the interrelationship of life
roles. Understanding the impact of work on
individual and family life. Awareness of
different occupations and changing male/female
roles. Knowledge of different occupations and
changing male/female roles. Understanding the
continuous changes in male/female roles.
Understanding the continuing changes in
male/female roles. Awareness of the career
planning process. Understanding the process of
career planning. Skills in career planning.
Skills to make career transitions.
10Career Development Competencies
- http//www.rop.santacruz.k12.ca.us/teachers/STC/co
mpetencies.doc
11Program Implementation (page 319 for example)
- Consultation
- Classroom Instruction
- Assessment
- Career Information
- Counseling
- Placement
- Referral
- Outreach
- Follow-up
- Work Experience
12Career Development in Elementary Schools
- Building Connections for Students Between
Academic Skills and the Future - Introducing Students to "Real Life" Jobs.
- Helping Students See Themselves As Part of Future
Job Force. - http//icdl.uncg.edu/ft/081199-07.html
13Career Development in Middle Schools
- Grade 6
- Personality assessment Self-esteem and social
awareness and The workplace. - Grade 7
- Career development activities related to
learning styles and the exploration of
interests, abilities, and work preferences and
Exploration of career clusters. -
- Grade 8
- Career development activities related to job
exploration and career clusters and How to
choose and find a job.
14Clients with Special Needs
- People with Disabilities
- Cultural minorities
- Delayed entrants to workforce
- Traditional homemakers
- Military personnel
- Ex-offenders
15People with Disabilities
- People First Language-Important
- Disability-judged to be deviant from an
acceptable norm - Handicap-barriers, demands and environmental
stress placed on person by aspect of society.
16Rehabilitation
- Overcoming many kinds of issues, including
physical disabilities, mental retardation,
alcoholism, drug addiction, delinquency, and
crime - Vocational Rehab-returning a disabled worker to a
state of re-employablity. - Rehab act of 1973
- Public Law 94-142
- IDEA
- ADA of 1990
- State Program are matched 20 to 80
- IWRP
- Job Coaching
- Work Experiences
- Enclave
17Economically Disadvantaged
- Broad definition, used by federal and states
differently. - Two subgroups
- Limited education (quality or quantity)
- Geographic locale
- Miles (1984)
- The Chronically Poor
- Unemployed or Newly Disadvantaged
- The Underemployed
18Economically Disadvantaged (how to assist)
- 4- part program
- Access to Adult Education
- Personal and/or Career Counseling
- Information about the World of Work
- Access to appropriate vocational Training and
placement
19Cultural Minorities
- Must deal with unique paradigms of people.
- Language barriers
- Histories of hardship and discrimination
- Understand the culture of the client
20African Americans
- Until recently, largest minority group.
- Discrimination and limited educational
opportunities - Historically
- Lower earnings,
- Higher Unemployment rates
- Growing family instability
- Occupational segragation
21Hispanic Americans
- Largest Group
- Issues
- Recency of immigration
- Limited English
- Substandard Educational Backgrounds
- Culture Shock
- Alienation
- Adapting to a new culture
22Asian Americans
- Fastest Growing Minority Group
- Marked cultural values different from white
European Americans - Lineal social values
- Allow parents to make career decisions for them.
23Native Americans
- Most diverse
- 450 tribes in US
- What the tribe does, I do. Lack of tribal
support. - Poverty
- Historic discrimination
- Relocation
- Tribal customs
- Unpredictable religious holidays and ceremonies.
24Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Individuals
- Discrimination
- Lack of legal leverage
- Double edge sword
- Woman and homosexual
- Triple Whammy
- Woman, homosexual and one of color.
- May have non-traditional interest patterns
25Older Workers Myths
- Myth Older workers can't or won't learn new
skills. Reality Those over 50 are proving their
ability to learn new skills by becoming the
fastest growing group of Internet users. And
career-changers in their 40s and 50s are taking
courses to enhance their skills. - Myth Older workers don't stay on the job long.
Reality Workers between 45 and 54 stayed on the
job twice as long as those 25 to 34, according to
the Bureau of labor Statistics in 1998. - Myth Older workers take more sick days than
younger workers. Reality Attendance records are
actually better for older workers than for
younger ones. - Myth Older workers aren't flexible or adaptable.
Reality Because they've seen many approaches
fail in the workplace, they are more likely to
question change. But they can accept new
approaches as well as younger workers can as long
as the rationale is explained. - Myth Older workers are more expensive. Reality
The costs of more vacation time and pensions are
often outweighed by low turnover among older
workers and the fact that higher turnover among
other groups translates into recruiting, hiring,
and training expenses.
26Older Workers Characteristics
- As we age our personality Traits do become more
fixed however if we were flexible as a young
person we can be flexible as an older person. - Older workers are as productive as younger
workers and in some cases, more. - Being overqualified for a job may be source of
unhappiness for older worker - May be taking job to supplement pensions or SSI.
27Older Workers Characteristics
- Characteristics of supervisor is important.
- Evidence that brain cells are destroyed with age.
Learn just as well as younger workers, primarily
because we develop successful learning
strategies. - Strength decline is more a function of lack of
exercise than age up to a point. - Hearing and sight decline with age. Assistive
technologies play a vital role.