The%20Industrial%20Revolution%20(ca.%201750

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The Industrial Revolution(ca. 17501900)
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The Industrial Revolution

• What were the most significant ways the West
  underwent change during the Industrial
  Revolution?
• Projections as to how it laid foundations for the
  future?

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The Industrial Revolution

• Industrialization
• System of mass production of goods
• Human, animal power replaced by mechanization
• Based on new sources of mineral energy

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The Industrial Revolution

• The Historical Context in Europe
• Largely rural, reliant on agriculture
• Agricultural revolution ? population doubled!
• Putting-out/cottage system
• Had not been able to compete with Asian market

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The Industrial Revolution

• Origins Great Britain
• Increased agricultural productivity
• Raw materials
• Capital
• Labor force
• Merchant fleet, Empire

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The Industrial Revolution

• Textile Manufacturing
• Flying shuttle (1733)
• Spinning jenny (1760s)
• Water frame (1760s)
• Power loom (1785)

Spinning jenny
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The Industrial Revolution
Power looms, Boott Mills, Lowell
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The Industrial Revolution

• Fuel and Energy
• Coal
• Steam Engine
• Electricity

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The Industrial Revolution
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The Industrial Revolution

• The Railway
• First locomotive (1820s)
• Iron and steel
• Importance
• Raw materials to cities
• Distribution
• Transportation
• London underground railway (1863)

Orient Express (1888)
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The Industrial Revolution
London Underground, opening day 1863
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The Industrial Revolution
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The Industrial Revolution
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The Industrial Revolution
Benz Patent Motor Car (1887)
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The Industrial Revolution

• Questions?

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The Industrial Revolution

• Urbanization
• Growth of cities
• Centers for industry
• Human migration ? population increase
• The problems
• Cities hastily built, ugly
• Slums
• Disease
• Crime, immorality

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The Industrial Revolution

• The Bourgeoisie
• Middle classes
• Derived wealth from capitalistic activities,
  other professions
• Wealth ? political power
• Lived in comfort

Renoir, Le Moulin de la Galette (1876)
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The Industrial Revolution

• The Proletariat
• Working class
• The good
• Improved wages
• Better standard of living
• The bad
• Job insecurity
• Not able to save money
• Oppressive work hours
• Women earned less
• Child labor

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The Industrial Revolution

• It was a town of red brick, or of brick that
  would have been red if the smoke and ashes had
  allowed it but as matters stood, it was a town
  of unnatural red and black like the painted face
  of a savage. It was a town of machinery and tall
  chimneys, out of which interminable serpents of
  smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, and
  never got uncoiled. It had a black canal and a
  river that ran purple with ill-smelling dye, and
  vast piles of building full of windows where
  there was a rattling and a trembling all day
  long, and where the piston of the steam-engine
  worked monotonously up and down, like the head of
  an elephant in a state of melancholy madness. It
  contained several large streets all very like one
  another, and many small streets still more like
  one another, inhabited by people equally like one
  another, who all went in and out at the same
  hours, with the same sound upon the same
  pavements, to do the same work, and to whom every
  day was the same as yesterday and to-morrow, and
  every year the counterpart of the last and the
  next.
• Charles Dickens, Hard Times, p. 17

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The Industrial Revolution
St. Giles (1840s)
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The Industrial Revolution
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The Industrial Revolution
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The Industrial Revolution

• Measures Taken
• UNIONIZATION
• Organized labor
• Intended to improve workers economic status,
  working conditions
• Government intervention
• Urban renewal
• Charitable organizations

Pissarro, Lavenue de LOpéra, Winter Morning
(1898)
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The Industrial Revolution
Savar factory collapse, April 24, 2013
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The Industrial Revolution

• Questions?

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The Industrial Revolution

• Photography (1839)
• Purpose record optical experience
• Relied on metal plates, cumbersome equipment
• Film ? democratization of photography in 1880s

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The Industrial Revolution
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The Industrial Revolution
Kodak Pocket Camera (1888)
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The Industrial Revolution
1922
1927
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The Industrial Revolution

• Questions?

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The Industrial Revolution

• What were the most significant ways the West
  underwent change during the Industrial
  Revolution?
• Projections as to how it laid foundations for the
  future?