Europe

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Europe
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Leading countries according to GDP

• Switzerland
• Luxembourg
• Sweden

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Leading countries according to Land Size

• Ukraine
• France
• Spain

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Leading countries according to population

• Germany
• United Kingdom
• Italy
• France

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PHYSICAL CHARATERISTICS

• Part of a large landmass called EURASIA
• Europe includes four peninsulas
• A peninsula is a body of land surrounded by water
  on three sides

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• Europes peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian,
  Scandinavian,and the Jutland

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• Europe also has three ISLANDS
• an island is a body of land completely surrounded
  by water
• Europes main three islands are Great Britain,
  Ireland and Sicily

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• Europe is also home to many FJORDS
• A fjord is a narrow valley or inlet from the
  sea--originally carved out by glaciers

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• Two Major mountain ranges exist in Europe
• Alps-Central Europe
• Pyrenees- border between France and Spain

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• The largest physical characteristic in Europe is
  the North European Plain
• The North European Plain is a large flat fertile
  stretch of land important for agriculture,
  especially in Western Europe

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• Rivers also play an important role in Europe.
• They are or were used for transportation, power,
  and trade.
• The most important are the Danube (Germany),
  Rhine (Germany), Seine (France), and the Thames
  (United Kingdom)

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• Seas Oceans
• Adriatic Atlantic
• Aegean Arctic
• Mediterranean
• Baltic
• Black
• North

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• Landmarks
• Strait of Gibraltar- separates Europe from Africa
  at the mouth of the Mediterranean Sea
• Climates
• varied climate regions--everything from tundra to
  mediterranean

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• Europes climate is also affected by the North
  American Drift and the prevailing westerlies

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• North American Drift is a powerful ocean current
  that carries tropical water toward the coast of
  Europe.
• The winds which blow across the North American
  Drift are known as the prevailing westerlies.

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• Combined they help to produce a warm, moist
  climate in most of Europe

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Economic Characteristics

• The Mountain regions of Europe are famous for
  tourism, recreation and mineral resources.
• Many areas of Europe are threatened by air and
  water pollution.

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• Forests--Black Forest of Germany (acid rain)
• Cities--Venice,Italy
• Rivers--Danube, Rhine, and Seine

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• Many of Europes largest industrial and
  transportation centers developed near mineral
  deposits, especially coal and iron ore
• Ruhr Valley (Germany)
• Po Valley (Italy)

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• Rivers and canals served as the major
  transportation links

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• There are oil reserves in the North Sea. Great
  Britain has claimed many of them.
• Most countries of Europe, especially Western
  Europe, have a well educated workforce.

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• Most are industrial or technological societies
  (Switzerland specializes in banking).

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• The countries of Western Europe also use advanced
  farming techniques which gives them high crop
  yields.
• Fertile soils and the chernozem (black earth of
  Russia) are also found in Europe.

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• Most of Europe has a well developed
  infrastructure.
• Infrastructure is things such as roads, power
  companies railroads and air carriers

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• France and Great Britain have built the Chunnel
  to provide a railroad transportation between
  their countries.

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• Western Europe and Eastern Europe have different
  industrial systems and different industrial
  development because of different economic and
  political systems since 1945.

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• Most of western Europe belongs to the Economic
  Union today. Eastern Europe is slowly catching
  up after changing their systems in the early
  1990s

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• The Economic Union is a economic union used to
  tie the economies of Europe together for the
  benefit of all members. It is an ECONOMIC
  ALLIANCE.

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• Trade is important in Europe, especially to the
  island nations.
• Sweden and Denmark allow their governments to
  play a large role in their economies.

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• Eastern Europe has begun the switch from
  communism to capitalism
• the Netherlands grows crops on land reclaimed
  from the sea (Polders)

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• Their demographics are typical of a developed
  nations.
• High per capita GDP
• High literacy rate
• high life expectancy

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• low infant mortality
• low percentage of the population under the age of
  15

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Cultural Characteristics

• Europe is the birthplace to the Industrial
  Revolution
• The Industrial Revolution was the switch from
  hand or manual labor to using machines for labor

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• England was the center of the Industrial
  Revolution

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• Europe is the home to many ethnic groups
• each group brings different languages, religions
  and customs

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• This has led to sporadic conflict among the
  groups
• such as war and revolution

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• Europe is the birthplace of modern democracy
• Greece is the home of Democracy

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• Europe has spread its culture to other parts of
  the world through
• exploration
• colonization
• imperialism

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• Europe is highly urbanized
• It is one of the most densely populated areas of
  the world
• Most of Western Europe is a member in the
  political/military alliance called the North
  Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

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• All of the following cities act as centers for
  culture and trade in Europe
• Berlin, Germany Rome, Italy
• London, England Paris, France
• Madrid, Spain
• Athens, Greece
• Warsaw, Poland

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Cultural Landscape

• In Paris the following cultural icons can be
  found
• Notre Dame, Arc de Triomphe, Louvre, Eiffel Tower

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• In Italy the following cultural icons can be
  found
• Colosseum, Leaning Tower of Pisa, St. Peters
  Basilica

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• In Greecethe Parthenon
• In England--Westminster Abbey and Big Ben
• In Europe in general--windmills (Netherlands) and
  castles

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Parthenon in Greece
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Arc de Triomphe in Paris
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Notre Dame
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Eiffel Tower -- Paris
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Colosseum--Italy
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Leaning Tower of Pisa--Italy
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Big Ben--England
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Westminster Abbey
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St. Peters Basilica
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Windmills and Castles
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Louvre
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Fjord
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Alps