The New Deal

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The New Deal
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Vocab

• 20th amendment
• relief
• recovery
• reform
• bank holiday
• New Deal
• lame duck amendment
• 100 days (hundred days)
• direct relief

• indirect relief
• brain trust
• public works program
• Second New Deal
• Wagner Act
• closed shop
• Social Security System
• Fireside chat

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Relief-Recovery- Reform

• relief- 1st ASAP money ,food or other
  help given to those who need it.
• recovery- 2nd to regain or make
  improvements from on state or condition.
• reform- 3rd fix what is broke so it does not
  break again

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Goals of the New Deal

• First 100 Days
• Restore the nations hope
• Stabilize financial institutions
• Provide relief to the poor and create jobs
• DIRECT VS INDIRECT RELIEF
• 4. Create a plan to regulate the economy

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Second 100 Days

1. Pass new labor laws
2. Create and expand the New Deal agencies
3. Establish Social Security to provide old age
   pension and unemployment insurance.

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Restore the nations hope

• How?
• The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.
• Eleanor visits the Bonus Army
• Fireside chats promising the New Deal
• RRR to fight the Great Depression
• First 100 days provide relief, create jobs and
  stimulate economic recovery and hopefully reform
  (change) will follow

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Stabilize financial institutions

• How?
• Bank holiday
• Emergency Banking Act
• Glass Stegal Banking Act creates the FDIC
• Federal Securities Act
• SEC
• US goes off gold standard

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Provide Relief - Create Jobs

• FERA Harry Hopkins
• into public works programs
• CWA Civil Works Administration
• CCC Civilian Conservation Corporation
• Indian Reorganization Act
• Women

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Plan and Regulate the Economy

• NIRA National Industrial Recovery Act creates the
  NRA National Recovery Administration to help
  balance the economy
• PWA Public Works Administration with Harold Ickes
• Helping the farmer and homeowner
• FHA Federal Housing Administration
• AAA Agricultural Adjustment Act
• TVA Tennessee Valley Authority

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Key Players

• Braintrust
• FDR first president to appoint a women to a
  cabinet position
• Frances Perkins became the Sec. of Labor
• FDR also hired African American
• Bethune headed a part of the NYA who created the
  black cabinet
• Eleanor his wife

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New Deal Setbacks

• Not enough results blame game
• Court declared the NIRA unconstitutional.
• Gave FDR too many powers not written the
  constitution.
• Court struck down the tax that helped farmers in
  the AAA.
• Time to regroup.
• Support still there wins 1934 election

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Second New Deal Goals

• Create and expand the New Deal agencies
• Created more social welfare ( to help those in
  need)
• Put stricter controls on business. Limit
  unfairness
• Support for unions
• Taxes on the rich

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New Agencies

• WPA Work Progress Administration
• created jobs in construction and arts program
• Resettlement Administration
• helped tenant farmers and share croppers
• REA gave loans to for power plants to create
  electricity in rural areas

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New Labor Laws

• Wagner Act allowed collective bargaining and
  closed shops (union members only) and sets up the
  NLRB
• to be the police force to enforce
• Fair Labor Standards act bans child labor and
  creates a minimum wage
• Social Security System

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The Alphabet Soup

• FOLDABLE
• CATEGORIZE AGENCIES AS
• RELIEF
• RECOVERY
• REFORM

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Relief

• FERA
• CCC
• CWA
• NYA
• WPA
• HOLC
• TVA

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Recovery

• AAA WAGNER ACT NLRB
• NRA
• PWA
• FDIC
• FHA
• Resettlement administration
• FSA
• REA

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Reform

• FDIC
• SEC
• SSA

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FDR wins 1936 election

• FDR WINS BY A LANSLIDE BUT THERE WERE MANY
  CRITICS WAITING TO ADD THEIR 2 CENTS!

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FDRs Critics162 Vocab

• American Liberty League
• Demagogue
• Nationalization
• Deficit spending
• Court packing

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Criticisms of the New Dealpp 545-551

• LIMITATIONS Women and Blacks
• The New Deal fell short of many peoples
  expectations.
• The Fair Labor Standards Act covered fewer than
  one quarter of all employed workers. It set the
  minimum wage at 25 cents an hour, which was below
  what most workers already made.
• The NRA codes, in some cases, permitted lower
  wages for womens work, and gave boys and men
  strong preference in relief and job programs.

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MORE Limitations

• No New Deal programs protected domestic service,
  the largest female occupation.
• Many federal relief programs in the South
  reinforced racial segregation. WHY?
• The Social Security Act excluded farmers and
  domestic workers AND it failed to cover nearly
  two thirds of working African Americans.

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MORE LIMITS

• FDR also refused to support a bill to make
  lynching a federal crime because he feared that
  his support of the bill would cause southern
  Congressmen to block all of his other programs.

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Political Critics

• New Deal Does Too Much
• A number of Republicans, in Congress and
  elsewhere WERE AGAINST Roosevelt because they
  believed that the New Deal did too much.
• Wealthy people regarded FDR as their enemy
  because he taxed them more to help others out and
  pay for the help he provided to all.

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Political Critics

• FDRs political enemies felt the SSA penalized
  the successful when people were
• assigned SS s
• A group called the American Liberty League
  charged the New Deal with limiting individual
  freedom in an unconstitutional, un-American
  manner.

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Progressives and Socialists

• New Deal Does Not Do Enough
• Many Progressives and Socialists attacked the New
  Deal because they believed that the programs did
  not help enough .
• Novelist Upton Sinclair believed that the entire
  economic system needed to be reformed. Maybe????
• His End Poverty in California (EPIC), called
  for a new economic system in which the state
  would take over factories and farms.
• Truth be told The New Deal was not successful at
  eliminating poverty. It did give Americans hope!

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Other Critics

• Other New Deal critics were demagogues, leaders
  who manipulate people with half-truths, deceptive
  promises, and scare tactics.
• Father Charles E. Coughlin often contradicted
  himself. He believed the nationalization, or
  government takeover and ownership, of banks and
  the redistribution of wealth was a good idea.
• Huey Long, one time governor of Louisiana, and
  then United States senator, was also a demagogue.
  He wanted a redistribution of wealth and
  developed a program called Share-Our-Wealth. The
  goal was to limit individual personal wealth and
  increase the minimal income of all citizens. Long
  also called for increased benefits for veterans,
  shorter working hours, payments for education,
  and pensions for the elderly.

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Modern Critics

• Some historians and economists believe that the
  New Deal did not achieve the greatest good for
  the greatest number of Americans.
• They argue that New Deal programs slowed economic
  progress and threatened Americas belief in free
  enterprise an economic and political belief that
  says a capitalist economy (private owned)
  businesses will fix itself through competition
  with supply and demand instead of the government
  stepping in to fix and be the police with new
  rules.

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Modern Critics

• Modern critics attacked the policy of paying
  farmers not to plant. In a time of hunger, the
  program wasted precious resources. Farm
  production quotas penalized efficient and
  less-efficient farmers equally, while the free
  market would have weeded out inefficiency and
  rewarded productivity.
• Survival of the fittest???

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• Finally, the New Deal receives criticism from
  people who oppose deficit spendingpaying out
  more money from the annual federal budget than
  the government receives in revenues.
• Debate about the New Deal continues today.
  Critics believe that the programs violated the
  free market system. Too much government help.
• Supporters believe that providing relief to the
  poor and unemployed was worth the compromise.

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Court Packing Fiasco

• Roosevelt received criticism not only for his
  programs, but for his actions.
• In an effort to gain more support in the Supreme
  Court, proposed a major court-reform bill. He
  recommended that Congress allow him to add six
  additional Supreme Court justices, one for every
  justice over 70 years old. His argument was that
  this would lighten the case load for aging
  justices. His real intention, however, was to
  pack the Court with judges supportive of the
  New Deal.

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• Critics said that FDR was trying to undermine the
  constitutional separation of powers. They were
  concerned that Roosevelt was trying to gain
  unchecked powers.
• FDR still wound up with a Court that tended to
  side with him. Some of the older justices
  retired and Roosevelt was able to appoint
  justices who favored the New Deal but suffered
  political damage. Many Republicans and southern
  Democrats united against New Deal legislation.
  This alliance remained a force for years to come.

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Effects of the New Deal163 Vocab pp 553-559

• Recession
• National debt
• Revenue
• Coalition
• Sit down strike

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Economical Effects

• Relieved poverty in some segments
• Created much more debt
• Strengthened unions
• Created big public works prjects that cost BIG
  bucks
• Strengthened banks and the stock market

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ECONOMICAL

• The New Deal worked hard to fix the depression.
  Massive government spending was a temporary fix.
  Then in August of 1937, the economy collapsed
  again. Industries made less so people lost their
  jobs.
• The nation entered a recession, a period of slow
  business activity. The new Social Security tax
  was partly to blame. The tax came directly out
  of workers paychecks, through payroll
  deductions. With less money in their pockets,
  Americans bought fewer goods.

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Economical

• Americans also had less money because FDR had to
  cut back on expensive programs such as the WPA
  that gave people jobs
• The President had become concerned about the
  rising national debt, or the total amount of
  money the federal government borrows and has to
  pay back. The government borrows when its
  revenue, or income, does not keep up with its
  expenses.
• To fund the New Deal, the government had to
  borrow massive amounts of money. As a result the
  national debt rose from 21 billion in 1933 to
  43 billion by 1940.
• 2008 over 10 trillion

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Economical union impact

• AFL (skilled workers) vs CIO (unskilled workers)
• In 1935, some union representatives wanted to
  create a place for unskilled laborers within the
  American Federation of Labor. They created the
  Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO). The
  AFL did not support this effort and suspended the
  CIO in 1936. Booted em out more or less.
• By 1938, the CIO coalition, or alliance of groups
  with similar goals, had 4 million members. John
  L. Lewis became president of the CIO, which
  changed its name to the Congress of Industrial
  Organization. The aim of the coalition of
  industrial unions was to challenge the working
  conditions in factories. Their main tool was the
  strike.

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Unions

• The Wagner Act, in 1935, legalized collective
  bargaining and led to many strikes in the work
  place. Many work stoppages took the form of
  sit-down strikes, in which laborers stop working,
  but refuse to leave the building and supporters
  set up picket lines outside. Together the
  strikers and the picket lines prevent the company
  from bringing in scabs, or non-union substitute
  workers. These tactics, although not always
  successful, proved quite powerful. In 1939, the
  Supreme Court outlawed the sit-down strike as
  being too potent a weapon and prevented workers
  and the bosses from working out their
  differences.

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Political

• Changed peoples view of the role of the
  government
• Expanded the federal government in peoples lives
• Produced much political controversy.
• Extended the power of the president.
• Was the New Deal a benefit to America or a
  hindrance

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Social

• Left out help for tenant farmers
• Discriminated against women
• Provided hope for Americans
• Renewed peoples faith in their government

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Cultural

• Government provided to encourage popular and
  fine artists with jobs
• Funded research for James Magee and Walker Evans
  to stay with sharecroppers
• Created a federal writers project
• Created a federal music project
• Created a federal theater project
• FRD believed that the arts should be available to
  all Americans

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The Legacy

• The New Deal attempted to help all but fell short
  at times.
• These federal agencies still exist today
• TVA
• SEC
• SSA
• Many public works projects still exist
• Most of allHOPE was the true legacy!