Launching the Nation

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Launching the Nation

• The United States after the Constitution

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Washington Leads a New Nation
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F.O.A. (Bellwork)

• Name the first three presidents of the United
  States.
• What is the electoral college?

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F.O.A. (Bellwork) answers

• George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson
• A body of electors who represent the peoples
  vote in choosing a president.

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2012 Electoral College results
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EQs

• What are some of the precedents set by George
  Washington during his term in office? (8.6 spi 1)
• Who were the first five presidents, what years
  were each of them in office, and what was one
  major accomplishment for each of the five men?
  (8.6 spi 1)
• How do taxes affect an economy? (8.2 spi 5)

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This week

• Today Chapter 7, Section 1 notes
• Tomorrow Brainpop Write a letter to George
  Washington
• Wednesday Comparing Jefferson, Hamilton
• Thursday Quiz over Chapter 7, Section 1 Library
  powerpoint
• Friday Library day

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Its gotta be you, George. . .

• The American people believed in GW
• Gouverneur Morris to Washington
• Should the idea prevail that you will not accept
  the presidency, it should prove fatal to the new
  government. Of all men, you are best fitted to
  fill that office.

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The Precedent President

• Precedent An action or decision that serves
  later as an example
• Everything GW did would be an example to every
  president after him

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First Precedent
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The Presidents Cabinet

• Group of advisors to the President

Hamilton Sec. of Treasury
Jefferson Sec. of State
Washington
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First Capital City
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Homework

• Have your parents sign the test.
• Ill let you make corrections in CORE for half
  credit.
• Read Chapter 7, Section 1 (pages 234-237). Answer
  1-3 all parts on page 237.

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Why NYC???

• One of two cities in 1790 that had population of
  over 25,000 (Philadelphia)
• 8,175,133 in 2010
• Most people lived in rural towns or countrysides
• Wall Street
• Center of economic activity for the states

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Mo Money, Mo Problems - Diddy

• One of GWs biggest problems was paying off the
  debt from the Rev. War
• This was where Hamilton came in

U.S. Debts to Foreign Nations 11.7 million
U.S. Debts to American Citizens 40.4 million
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• Americas debt was so high because it had
  borrowed money from other countries and it had
  sold bonds to American citizens.

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• Bonds are certificates that you buy in order for
  the govt to raise money
• They will buy it back at a higher rate
• Govt couldnt afford this at first many sold
  their bonds to speculators

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• Hamilton wanted to also pay off some of the
  states debt for the war
• But many Southern states didnt want him to they
  didnt want their money spent on other states
• Thomas Jefferson gets irritated with Hamilton

This is VIRGINIA!
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New Capital City

• In order to please the Southern states, Hamilton
  convinced GW to move the capital city to. . .

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Jefferson vs. Hamilton

• Jefferson and Hamilton didnt get along
• Had too many different views
• Jefferson on Hamilton Bewitched perverted. .
  .under conviction that corruption was essential
  to government.

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Their Differences. . .

• Mainly economical
• Hamilton favored industry Jefferson favored
  agriculture
• Hamilton wanted high tariffs Jefferson not so
  much
• As far as interpreting the Constitution, Hamilton
  was a loose constructionist Jefferson was a
  strict constructionist

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National Bank, anyone?

• Hamilton desired a national bank that the
  government could keep its money in
• Make loans to businesses also create a mint
• Said the elastic clause allowed the govt to
  create one
• Jefferson disagreed argued that Hamilton was
  overstepping

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• Despite Jeffersons protest, GW agreed with
  Hamilton
• 1791 The Bank of the United States is created

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More Challenges for GW

• French Revolution (1789)

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• French people rebelled against King Louis XVI and
  Marie Antoinette
• Got their heads chopped off

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Staying Neutral

• The French had helped the U.S. during the Rev.
  War
• After the French Rev., France went to war with
  England
• Wanted the U.S. to help GW says no
• GWs Neutrality Proclamation said the U.S.
  wouldnt pick sides (stay neutral)
• France begins trying to get U.S. ships to fight
  with them against Britain

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The French Question

• Not everyone liked GWs neutrality
• Some wanted to help the French
• Others wanted to help the British

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Other Problems

• The British were seizing U.S. ships and helping
  the Indians fight the American settlers
• Jays Treaty Settled disputes between Britain
  and the U.S., but not everyone happy
• The Spanish had closed the MS River port of New
  Orleans
• Pinckneys Treaty Reopened NOLA and set U.S.
  southern boundary at 31 N latitude

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(No Transcript)
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Problems at Home

• Whiskey Rebellion

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• In order to pay off national debts, a tax was
  placed on all American whiskey
• People in western Pennsylvania were upset
• Already mad because the govt couldnt protect
  them from Indian attacks
• Most only produced small amounts of whiskey and
  couldnt afford the tax

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• Protests started peacefully, but soon got violent
• GW leads an army of 13,000 soldiers to put down
  the rebellion
• Only president to ever personally lead an army
• Rebels run away like little girls

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GWs Last Precedent

• After his second term, he leaves office
• In his Farewell Address he warns
• That the U.S. should remain neutral at all costs
• Against the dangers of political parties
• Against borrowing large amounts of money and
  gaining even more debt

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But They Didnt Listen. . .

• American politics had already begun to split into
  two distinct parties
• Sort of like today

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F.O.A. (Bellwork)

• Write down everything you know about John Adams
  and Thomas Jefferson.

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EQs

• Who were the first five presidents, what years
  were each of them in office, and what was one
  major accomplishment for each of the five men?
  (8.6 spi 1)
• What are political parties? How did two political
  parties emerge? (8.6 spi 1)

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This week

• Today Chapter 7, Section 4 notes
• John Adams BrainPop
• Assign homework
• Tuesday Alien and Sedition Act vs. Patriot Act
• John Adams mini-series video clip
• Turn in homework
• Work on project

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This week

• Wednesday Review comparing Adams and Jefferson
• Thursday Quiz over Chapter 7, Sections 1 and 4
• Friday Library Day

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Republican Party Today

• - Lower taxes (in most cases)
• More conservative on social issues like abortion,
  same-sex marriage, etc. (usually)
• Smaller government that does only what is needed
  (usually)

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Democratic Party Today

• Favor higher taxes
• Most, but not all, tend to be liberal on social
  issues
• Large government needed to protect the rights and
  freedoms of the people

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Back Then, Though. . .

• The two parties that emerged called themselves
• Federalists (Big Bicep)
• Republicans (Tiny Bicep)
• Most parties were based on where people lived
• Urban cities supported Federalists more
• Rural farmers supported Republicans more

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Election of 1796

• John Adams (Fed) defeats Jefferson (Rep)
• Jefferson becomes Vice President
• Adams not a likely candidate for President

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The XYZ Affair

• Remember, France and the U.S. are beefin
• Adams first goal as President was to improve
  relations with France
• Sent several diplomats over to France to smooth
  things over

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One Major Problem, Though. . .

• U.S. diplomats are told that the French Foreign
  Minister wont meet with them unless
• They give him a 250,000 bribe
• They give France a 12,000,000 loan

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The Result

• Adams reported what happened to Congress
• Instead of giving names of the French diplomats
  who asked for the bribes, he labels them X, Y,
  and Z
• American people are absolutely irate (mad)

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• Most Americans wanted war with France, but Adams
  didnt
• Asked for a peacetime army from Congress
• France and U.S. sign a treaty for peace
  eventually
• Many people, including Federalists, begin
  insulting Adams in the press

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In Response to the Insults

• Adams passes the Alien Sedition Acts
• Made it illegal to criticize the President
• Republicans hated these acts because they felt
  they violated free-speech (and they were right)
• These acts would cost Adams in the 1800 election

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Homework

• Read Chapter 7, Section 4 (pages 250-253). Answer
  1-3 all parts on p. 253.