The Balkans

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The Balkans

• The Powder Keg of Europe

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The Balkan Peninsula
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The Balkans/Former Yugoslavia
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History (500s)

• 500s-South Slavs migrate down the Balkan
  Peninsula
• They each set up their own Kingdom

• South Slavs
• Bulgarians
• Macedonians
• Croats
• Montenegrins
• Slovenians
• Serbs

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History (1300-1878)

• Ottoman Empire (Muslims) take over much of the
  Balkan states
• Austria and Hungary ALSO take over some Balkan
  states
• MAIN POINT The balkan cultures change every time
  becoming more and more different with every
  change of power

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Main point

• The balkan cultures change every time becoming
  more and more different with every change of
  power
• Examples Under Muslim (Ottoman) rule, many Serbs
  clung to Christianity while many Bosnians
  converted to Islam.

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History (1878)

• Serbia breaks free from the Ottoman Empire

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On the Eve of WW I (1914)
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What was the spark that started WW I

1. Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
2. Invasion of France by Austria Hungary
3. Assassination of the President of the US
4. Invasion of England by France

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The Black Hand

• Serbian group
• VERY Nationalistic
• A secret society with the intent of reuniting all
  South Slavs territories and populations
• RESPONSIBLE FOR STARTING WW I WITH THE
  ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FERDINAND

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After WW I

• With the fall of the Austro Hungarian Empire at
  the end of WW I (1918)the kingdom of Serbs,
  Croats and Slovenes is formed
• In 1929, renamed Yugoslavia

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Read Communist Rule on page 320
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During WW II, who invaded Yugoslavia

1. Germany
2. Russia
3. US
4. Great Britain

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The Croats cooperated with the Nazis ordering the
massacre of who?

1. Russians
2. Polacks
3. Serbs
4. Jews

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After the war a communist leader named Josef
Stalin gained control.

1. True
2. False

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Tito was a dictator who encouraged the Serbs to
kill the Croats.

1. True
2. False

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After WW II was over (1946), Yugoslavia was split
into 6 republics. Which one of the following was
NOT a republic of Yugoslavia?

• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Croatia
• Macedonia
• Kosovo
• Serbia
• Slovenia
• Montenegro

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Look at the map on page 322
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Bosnia and Herzegovina contains Muslims, Croats
and Serbs

1. True
2. False

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Croatia only really has Croats living there.

1. True
2. False

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There were Six republics in Yugoslavia, how many
major culture groups are found there?

1. 3
2. 4
3. 5
4. 6
5. 7
6. 8
7. 9

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JOSIP TITO DIES

• Tito dies in 1980
• The Presidency starts to rotate among members
  from all over Yugoslavia

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Slobodan Milosevic

• Milosevic begins to propose the creation of a
  Greater Serbia including all Serbian territories
  (see page 322)

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Who do you think would object to this idea?

1. Macedonians
2. Slovenia and Montenegro
3. Croatia and Bosnia/Herzegovina
4. Serbia

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1991All hell starts to break loose
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1991What happened???

• Serbia blocked a Croat from becoming President
• Croatia and Slovenia declare their independence
  and Serbia invades both republics
• UN helps reach a cease fire in June 1992
• (Both Croatia and Slovenia remain free)

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March 1992

• Bosnia and Herzegovina declare independence
• Bosnian Muslims and Croats back the move but the
  Bosnian Serbs launched a war to stop it.
• The Serbs attempted to destroy all Bosnian
  Muslims and Croats (Ethnic Cleansing)more than
  200,000 died

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1995

• US sponsors peace negotiations and a peace treaty
  is signedBosnia Remains independent
• United Streaming- Commander in Chief Bill
  Clinton- July 1995, 700,000 killed in Balkan
  Massacre.

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Alsoin the 1990s

• Milosevic wants to wipe out the Albanian Muslims
  in Kosovo because of historical ties to that land
  (Kosovo was a self-governing province)
• The Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) is formed to
  fight for the independence of Kosovo. Milosevic
  begins campaign of ethnic cleansing against
  Albanians.

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1999

• NATO starts to bomb Serbia to force them to stop
  fighting in Kosovo.
• Milosevic withdraws and international officials
  find horrifying evidence that the Serbs had
  carried out tortures/massacres.

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Fighting eventually stops

• Vojislav Kostunica is elected to reform and
  rebuild Serbia and Montenegro (what was left of
  Yugoslavia)
• Ethnic tensions still uneasy