The Golden Age Ends

1
Pericles The Peloponnesian War

• The Golden Age Ends

2
Some background on Pericles

• Born in 495 BCE in the midst of the Persian Wars
• His father, Xanthippus, was a politician and a
  commander during the Persian Wars
• His mother, Agariste, was the niece of
  Cleisthenes, a political reformer
• Educated in many subjects, including music,
  philosophy, debate
• When he was a teenager, he had to evacuate Athens
  because of the Persian Wars

3
Pericles Rise to Power

• Because he was a persuasive speaker, Pericles was
  able to convince the citizens of Athens that his
  ideas were important
• Elected 1 of 10 generals of Athens in 460 BCE
• Continuously elected to one year terms

4
Pericles
5
Pericles set 3 Major Goals for Athens

• Protection
• Wanted to prevent another burning of the city
• Extended wall around Athens to the sea
• Built up a powerful navy

6
Wall around Athens
7
Goals (continued)

• Beautification
• Pericles goal was to make Athens the most
  beautiful city in the world
• Built new temples public buildings
• Most famous temple was the Parthenon
• -built from marble
• -46 columns
• -40 foot tall gold ivory statue of Athena
  inside

8
Parthenon
9
Goals (continued)

• Democracy
• Wanted to make democracy stronger by spreading
  power more evenly between rich poor
• Paid the salaries of all men who held public
  office
• This meant that poor men who before could not
  leave their jobs to participate in democracy
  could now afford to do so

10
(No Transcript)
11
Build-up to the Peloponnesian Wars

• After the Persian Wars ended (479 BCE), Athens
  became more and more powerful
• Delian League- alliance formed by Athens with
  other city-states
• During the Golden Age, Athens takes over the
  league
• Athens collected money from other city-states in
  the League and used it to rebuild Athens
• Athens began to attack other city-states for food
  because their population had grown

12
War Begins (431 BCE)

• Sparta and its allies felt threatened by Athenss
  rise in power? gave Athens an ultimatum free all
  of the cities or face war
• Athens refused and war began
• Wall protected the city of Athens so Spartans
  invaded the countryside around the city
• Burned farmhouses, cut down grain
• Pericles ordered all residents in areas outside
  the city walls to come in

13
The Peloponnesian War, 431-404 B.C.
14
Plague in Athens

• Plague, a highly contagious, widespread disease
  that is often fatal, spread through Athens in 430
  BCE
• Most victims died within a week, but suffered
  terrible pain before dying
• Plague was so devastating because so many people
  were in the city because Pericles had ordered
  them in for their protection from the Spartans
• ¼ of Athenian population died, including Pericles
  (429 BCE)

15
The Death of Pericles
16
Thucydides Directions

• Number paragraphs 1-8
• Read your assigned paragraph silently
• Circle or highlight vocabulary that you dont
• know. Please write words and a short definition
  on 1 of the pieces of paper provided.
• 4. Discuss as group the main idea of your
  paragraph
• Write 2 sentences about what the main idea is on
  the
• large paper provided. Sentences cannot begin
  with articles
• (a, an, the) or pronouns (it, he, they, etc.).
  
• 6. Pick 1 student in each group to present
  sentence and 1
• to present words.

17
Athens during the Wars

• Many deaths from plague
• Lack of food
• Labor force weakened because many slaves escaped
  when Spartans invaded land around Athens

18
Wars were a Deadlock for Many Years

• Sparta had a more powerful army
• Athens had a more powerful navy
• Turning Point in 413 BCE when Athens suffered a
  serious defeat in Sicily
• Smaller city-states that had been ruled by Athens
  joined forces with Sparta instead

19
Persia helps Sparta

• Persian Empire gives Sparta money to build a
  stronger, larger fleet
• Persia and Sparta were still technically enemies
  then, but the Persians hoped that the Spartans
  and Athenians would destroy each other

20
End of the Wars

• 405 BCE- Aegospotami- port along the Hellespont
• Athenians sailed their fleet here and waited 5
  days
• Spartans did not begin battle
• Athenians went ashore because they needed
  supplies
• While the Athenians were ashore, the Spartans
  destroyed their fleet
• Athenians barricaded themselves inside their
  city for several months, eventually surrendering
  in 404 BCE, after their food supply had been cut
  off by land and by sea fleet

21
End of the Golden Age

• Decline of Democracy
• Tyrants ruled right after war, but then democracy
  resumes
• Democracy was not as powerful, though, as it had
  been during the Golden Age
• Younger citizens refused to take part
• Other citizens were suspicious of other people
  who seemed antidemocratic

22
Melian Dialogue Peloponnesian Wars
23
Melian Dialogue

• Athenian Arguments

• Melian Arguments

• Surrender and save yourself from destruction-we
  can benefit from your resources
• If you remain neutral we remain friendly w/
  you, we will look weak
• Necessary law of nature to rule over whoever one
  can (Gods will support)

• Even if we prove we are right, you will try to
  destroy us
• We are standing for what is right (that is our
  strength)
• Gods will favor us b/c we are in the right

24
Sykes-Picot Agreement May 17,1916
25
Trail of Tears 1830-1835
26
The Trial Death of Socrates

• Socrates was a well-known teacher in Athens
• Socrates asked questions to help pupils examine
  their own beliefs
• What is justice?
• What is truth?
• What is goodness?

27
School of Athens (1509-1511)
28
(No Transcript)
29
Socrates Arrest

• Socrates was arrested in the period of suspicion
  following the war
• Accused of
• Neglecting the worship of the gods
• Corrupting the youth

30
Trial of Socrates (399 BCE)

• Socrates stood before a jury of 700 Athenian
  citizens and pleaded his own case
• Convicted by a narrow margin
• Sentenced to death by drinking hemlock
• He did not try to escape before his death
• 70 years old
• Said that he had always obeyed the law, so he
  wasnt going to disobey at this point

31
Jacque Louis Davids The Death of Socrates
32
Platos Idea of Philosopher King

• Pros

• Cons

33
(No Transcript)