Elizabeth I: How successfully did she tackle the problems of her reign:

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Elizabeth I How successfully did she tackle the
problems of her reign
The Spanish Armada
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How did Elizabeth deal with the problem of the
Spanish Armada of 1588?
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THE SPANISH EMPIRE IN EUROPE IN THE 1580s
Elizabeth I
Duke of Parma
Philip II
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Philip II's American Empire
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Philips Marriage Proposal, 1560
Philip had been married to Mary Tudor and had
the title King of England. On Marys death in
1558, he hoped to keep England within the Spanish
sphere of influence by marrying her sister,
Elizabeth. Philip tried to woo Elizabeth by
sending her gifts . . . . .
Protestant Elizabeth would not marry Catholic
Philip. Knowing that he wanted to get control of
England, Elizabeth ordered her navy to prepare to
fight Spain in the future. Her ships would be
well equipped and her sailors well trained over
the years to come.
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Robbing the Spanish
Francis Drake
Since the 1560s, Spanish settlements in South
America and Spanish treasure ships had been
attacked by English sailors such as Francis Drake
and Elizabeth secretly encouraged them.
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The Execution of Mary, Queen of Scot's, 1587
Philips last hope of returning England to
Catholicism died with Elizabeths execution of
Mary, Queen of Scots, in 1587. Mary was
Elizabeths closest blood relative. Philip had
hoped that Mary would become Queen of England on
Elizabeths death. Her execution gave Philip the
excuse to go to war with Elizabeth. He began
preparations for an invasion of England.
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The Plan of Invasion
4) As soon as the Spanish arrived in England,
the English Catholics would rise in rebellion
against the Protestant queen and join Spanish
allies to defeat the army of Elizabeth.
Duke of Parma
3) The Armada would then go on to the Straits of
Dover and bring the Spanish army across to
England in huge, flat-bottomed barges.
1) 30,000 tough men, experienced Spanish
soldiers from the Netherlands would gather in
northern France ready to invade England. They
were to be led by the Duke of Parma, thought to
be the best general in Europe.
2) An Armada fleet of ships of 136 great
warships would sail from Spain towards England
and destroy the English fleet in the Channel.
Santa Cruz
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The Armada fleet was gathering in the southern
Spanish port of Cadiz. The Spanish Armada was
supposed to sail in 1587. Elizabeth knighted
Drake and choose him to lead English warships
against the Spanish. Drakes daring attack on
Cadiz Harbour, destroying 30 Spanish ships,
delayed the Armada invasion by one year.
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The Armada eventually left on 28th May 1588.
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The Armada is sighted by the English patrol ship,
the Golden Hind.
30th July 1588
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Beacon Fires are lit along the English coast to
give warning of Spanish invasion.
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6th August
The Armada had been very successful up to this
point and arrived off Calais in good shape but .
. . .
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The Duke of Parma
Parma was still in the Netherlands! He was not
aware that the Armada was yet in the English
Channel! This is in spite of Medina-Sidonia
sending pinnaces (messenger boats) to inform
Parma of the Armadas whereabouts. The Duke
estimated it would take at least two weeks to get
his army to Calais!
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The English Fireship Attack
It was Sir Francis Drake who came up with the
idea for a Fireship attack against the Spanish
fleet at Calais.
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Elizabeth inspects her troops at Tilbury, 18th
August and she made an inspiring speech.
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I know I have the body of a weak and feeble
woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a
king, and of a king of England too, and I will
not allow Philip of Spain or any king of Europe
to invade the borders of my realm. I myself will
take up arms, I myself will be your general and I
will reward of every one of your good deeds in
the battlefield. You deserve rewards and crowns
and we do assure you, in the word of a monarch,
they shall be duly paid you.We shall shortly
have a famous victory over those enemies of my
God, of my kingdom, and of my people.
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Escape around the British Isles
There was no possibility of returning the way the
Armada had came the English blocked the way
back. The only way to escape the English was to
go around the northern reaches of Scotland and
Ireland.
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Storms around Scotland and Ireland Pounded the
Armada
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Storms off the coasts of Scotland and Ireland
The Armada was finished off by storms as the
surviving Armada ships went around Scotland and
Ireland only 60 out of the original 136 ships
returned to Spain. Half of the 30,000 men were
killed.
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RESULTS OF THE ARMADA DEFEAT

• England survived as a Protestant country.
• Spain's reputation had been weakened in Europe -
  other countries were encouraged to rise up in
  rebellion against the Spanish.
• The English Navy was now accepted as the world's
  best.
• England began to build an Empire for itself -
  first in North America but then in parts of
  Africa and, later, in parts of Asia.