Chapter two Basic theory of TCM

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Chapter two Basic theory of TCM
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How is the initiation of TCM?

• From practice and experience
• A long history
• Huangdi Neijing (Huangdis Classic of Internal
  Medicine)
• The book summarizes the therapeutic experiences
  and medical theories of that time period.
• One of the classical books

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The celebrated ancient Chinese doctors

• Hua Tuo
• Late Eastern Han Dynasty
• Mafei San
• His prescriptions were astonishingly effective.
• He had prescribed different medicines to treat
  the same illness.
• Causes of illness roots internally ,so the
  purgative works.

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• Zhang Zhongjing
• The Chinese medical sage ??
• He specialized in the study of typhoid fever.
• Contagions Contagious typhoid
• The so-called typhoid at that time includes
  cholera??, dysentery??, pneumonia??, flu and some
  other acute contagious diseases.

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• A complete system of theories on pathology,
  diagnosis, therapy and prescriptions for typhoid
  fevers was founded by Zhang Zhongjing.
• Treatise on febrile and miscellaneous diseases

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• Sun Simiao
• One needle saved two lives.( a tale)
• Pregnant woman
• Prescriptions worth a thousand gold for
  emergencies
• A supplement to prescriptions worth a thousand
  gold

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• Li Shizhen
• A great physician and pharmacologist
• An outline of herbal medicine
• The book, known as a brilliant achievement in TCM
  development, but also a momentous contribution to
  the worlds medicine and biology.

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• The essential characteristics of TCM
• The concept of holism
• The human body as an organic whole.
• The human body is composed of a number of
  viscera, organs and tissues, which have their own
  respective functions.
• Every functions is a component of the general
  activity, and inter-influence pathologically.

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• Treatment determination based on syndrome
  differentiation
• Syndrome differentiation and treatment
  determination are inseparable in the process of
  diagnosis and treatment of disease, and embody
  the combination of theory and practice.
• Syndromes differentiation

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• ????
• Concept of holism/entirety
• Holistic concept
• Holistic philosophy
• ????
• Determination of treatment based in pathogenesis
  obtained through differentiation of symptoms and
  signs

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• ????
• treating the same disease with
  different therapies

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treating different diseases with the
same therapy)
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• ????
• system of meridians and collaterals
• ????
• exterior and interior relationship

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• ????????????,?????
• The concept of holism runs through every aspect
  of traditional Chinese medicine including
  physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndrome
  differentiation and treatment.

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• ????,????
• Basic therapeutic principle in TCM is to
  reinforce insufficiency/deficiency and
  purge/reduce excess.

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What are yin-yang and the five-element doctrine?

• Yin and yang are two aspects of the unity of
  opposite things.
• Major concepts of yin-yang theory
• Opposition of yin-yang
• Interdependence of yin-yang
• Wax-wane of yin-yang
• Transformation of yin-yang

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• ?????
• predominance/ excess of yin leading to disorder
  of yang disease

• ????? ?

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• ????
• predominance of yin leading to heat
  syndrome/disorder

• ???? ?

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• ????
• impairment of yang involving yin

• ?????

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• ????,????
• Extreme cold generates heat and extreme yin
  changes/transforms into yang.

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Relative balance between yin and yang
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• Application of yin-yang in TCM
• Yin-yang and the structure of the body
• Yin-yang and the physiological functions of the
  body

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• Yin-yang and pathological changes in the body
• The application of yin-yang in diagnosis of
  disease
• The application of yin-yang in treatment of
  disease

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• The five-element doctrine
• theory/ doctrine of five elements (five phases
  theory)
• Wood fire earth metal water
• They are the five indispensable materials in
  human life.

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• Used the theory to explain the whole physical
  world.
• Inter-promotion inter-restriction
• To explain physiological and pathological changes
  in the human body, and the relation of the body
  to the external environment.

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• Characteristics of the five elements
• Five elements zangfu viscera and other organs

Wood Livergall bladder eye tendon anger
Fire heartsmall intestine tongue vessel joy
Earth Spleenstomach mouth muscle thinking
Metal lung Large intestine nose skin sorrow
Water Kidney urinary ear Bone fear