Africa

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Africa

• History

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Early Civilizations

• Bantu migrations2000 B.C., Bantu spread from
  southeastern Nigeria
• land shortage may have sent them south spreading
  language, culture
• Migrations created cultural diversity, but
  languages link continent
• forms of Bantu spoken by 120 million Africans
  today
• East Africa-Aksum
• Present day Ethiopia in A.D. 100s
• Traded with the Eastern Roman Empire and Egypt

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Three Trading Empires of West Africa

• Ghana, Mali, Songhai empires grow on Sahara trade
  routes (gold, salt)
• Taxed traders using their routes
• Morocco invades in 1591 taking over the region

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The Slave Trade

• Europeans wanted slaves for plantations in
  Americas
• In 1400s, Portugal established a trading port
• slave traders exchange guns, goods for captive
  Africans
• Many African rulers sold slaves to other
  Africans, Arabs, Europeans
• By end of trade in 1870, millions had been taken
  to Americas, Europe

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Colonization

• Until mid-1800s, Europeans dont move far inland
• 19th-century Europeans seek African resources
• 188485 Berlin Conference divides Africa African
  input denied
• By the early 1900s most of Africa is divided into
  European colonies
• Exceptions Liberia and Ethiopia

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Effects of Colonization

• Belgium, France colonize region most countries
  independent by 1960s
• European borders disrupt traditional governments,
  ethnic regions
• new governments face diverse populations, corrupt
  leaders
• Economic Effects
• Lost resources cultural, ethnic oppression of
  people
• Little infrastructure or money for
  transportation, education systems

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