Understanding Nursery Production Facilities - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Understanding Nursery Production Facilities

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Title: Understanding Nursery Production Facilities


1
Lesson 1
  • Understanding Nursery Production Facilities

2
Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards
Addressed!
  • WHST.9-12.9 Draw evidence from informational
    texts to support analysis, reflection, and
    research. (HS-LS1-1)
  • HSSIC.A.1 Understand statistics as a process for
    making inferences about population parameters
    based on a random sample from that population.
    (HS-LS2-6)

3
Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resource Standards
Addressed
  • PS.03.05. Harvest, handle and store crops
    according to current industry standards.
  • PS.03.05.04.b. Analyze the proper conditions
    required to maintain the quality of plants and
    plant products held in storage and during
    shipping.
  • PS.03.05.05.a. Summarize the reasons for
    preparing plants and plant products for
    distribution.

4
Bell Work!
  • Explain the scope and history of the Nursery
    Industry.
  • Describe the different types of nurseries.
  • Explain the economic factors involved in
    selecting a nursery site.
  • Describe the different types of nursery
    facilities.
  • Explain how a plant hardiness map is used.

5
Terms
  • Erosion
  • Evaporation
  • Field grown
  • Garden center
  • Hardiness
  • Head house
  • Hotbeds
  • Hydraulic
  • Liner plant
  • Broker/re-wholesaler
  • Cold frame
  • Cold storage
  • Commercial production
  • Competition
  • Containerized
  • Drainage

6
Terms
  • Turgid
  • Wholesale
  • Mass-marketers
  • Mail order
  • Moisture
  • Orchardist
  • Over wintering
  • Quarantine
  • Retail
  • Shade houses

7
Interest Approach
Using the pamphlets and books from various
nurseries that I gave you, choose two types of
trees that you would like in your backyard. How
much do they cost? Are the costs very different
between the two you choose or between yours and a
classmates? What steps in the production of
these trees can account for their high costs?
8
History of the Nursery Industry
  • A fruit tree nursery was the first nursery
    industry noted. It was from the Massachusetts
    Bay Colony in 1644.
  • Many nurserymen of the late 1700s and early
    1800s were orchardists - a specialty nursery
    worker who deals with fruit trees.
  • William Prince established Prince Nursery in 1737
    when he was so successful at growing trees and
    selling to his neighbors that he turned to
    commericial production.

9
  • Commercial production means to produce for a
    specific market.
  • Prince produced a catalog to market his varieties
    of fruit trees and even began experimenting with
    plant breeding and making new varieties.
  • Jackson and Perkins, a name that is still
    familiar today, was established in 1864 as a
    nursery specializing in small fruits.

10
  • In 1879, Jackson and Perkins began selling a few
    roses and by 1894 they were selling over 175,000
    roses annually.
  • Many nurseries in the Midwest were established in
    the 1800s.
  • By 1890 there were over 4500 nurseries on over
    173,000 acres of land in the U.S. Most of these
    were small and supplied only the local area.
  • Major production centers were in NY, CA, IL, OH,
    and PA.

11
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12
  • In 1912, the first National Plant Quarantine act
    went into effect. The quarantine prohibited the
    importation of certain plants into the United
    States - and this helped the nursery industry
    grow.
  • The Parcel Post - the package delivery branch of
    the U.S. postal service - was also established.
    This led to the rapid development of the
    mail-order catalog business.

13
How has the nursery industry impacted our society?
  • Bloomington, IL
  • a popular nursery site in the mid 1800s because
    of the five important railroad lines that
    intersected it and the soil and climate well
    suited to a variety of plants.
  • In 1852, Bloomington Nursery was considered the
    largest in the country - their packing houses,
    cold storage cellars, and buildings covered over
    20 acres.

14
U.S. Impacts
  • By 1974, CA was producing over 130 million
    dollars in nursery stock annually.
  • By 1985, CA was producing over 435 million
    dollars and was known as a world leader in the
    production of nursery stock.
  • FL, TX, PA, and TN rounded out the top five.
  • In 1992, U.S. production had risen to 5 billion
    with CA, FL, VA, and OR being top producers.

15
How has the nursery industry changed?
  • All changes have increased and improved the
    efficiency of production.
  • We have moved from manpower to animal power to
    machine power.
  • New and more effective machinery, fertilizers,
    and pesticides have also helped to improve plant
    quality.

16
Specific changes in the industry
  • Production 1950s drip irrigation was used,
    1960s fertilizer injection systems were created,
    and in the 1970s trickle irrigation for fields
    was used.
  • Facilities recently, more energy efficient and
    environmentally sound building materials have
    been introduced.

17
  • Materials new cultivars and plant varieties have
    been introduced, as well as better fertilizers
    and chemicals. Patented plants are becoming very
    popular.
  • Market more rapid delivery, new marketing tools
    such as computers, and the Internet, and renewed
    popularity of gardening education (ex Martha
    Stewart)

18
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19
Types of Nurseries
  • By type of sales
  • By job description
  • By product produced
  • By crop produced

20
What are the economic factors involved in
selecting a nursery site?
  • Land cost
  • Local land value
  • Zoning and taxes
  • Level of current development - consider what
    businesses will surround you. Will they be a
    benefit or a detriment?
  • Level of development needed for your market

21
Labor
  • Employee payroll can be over 50 percent of annual
    business expenses of a typical wholesale nursery.
  • Availability of work force
  • Local pay scale
  • Seasonal versus year round labor need - many
    employees are year round, but during the peak
    season, worker numbers may double.
  • Skills of available labor

22
  • Transportation and Markets
  • The location can determine the success or failure
    of the business.
  • Cost, availability, ease of trans. - for both
    employees and the product.
  • How will you get supplies to your business and
    your product to market?
  • Customers availability/means
  • Are you convenient for your customers?
  • Utilities and services availability, cost, type

23
Competition
  • Any business that may be competing for your
    customers dollars is considered competition.
  • Other nurseries - consider who may provide
    competition and where your business will fit in
    to the market.
  • Other mass-marketers - business other than
    nurseries or garden centers that retail or
    wholesale plants.

24
How does the environment affect the selection of
a nursery site?
  • Temperature
  • Moisture
  • Wind
  • Soil type and topography
  • Air quality
  • Plant pests
  • Natural Light

25
Temperature
  • measured in degrees and is normally regulated by
    wind, solar radiation and humidity.
  • Hardiness refers to a plants ability to
    withstand cold temperatures.
  • Maximum - highest average temperature in your
    zone
  • Minimum - lowest average temperature in your zone
  • Average - the average temperatures in your zone

26
Moisture
  • Water either in the form of rainfall or
    irrigation. It is responsible for many plant
    functions, and processes. Plant cells need to be
    filled with water to remain turgid.
  • Turgid refers to water pressure that supports the
    plant physically.
  • Quality - the water can be tested for pH,
    fertility, and chemical properties

27
Moisture
  • Quantity - concerns both how much is applied and
    how often or when it is applied
  • Distribution - heavy rainfall can cause many
    problems including slowdown in plant harvesting
    and cultivation, damage to young plants, and
    others
  • Wind - can cause soil erosion, damage to plants,
    increased transpiration and evaporation.
  • Evaporation is when water changes from a liquid
    to a gaseous state.
  • Erosion is when the land surface is worn away or
    transported elsewhere.

28
Soil type and topography
  • The type of nursery determines which qualities
    are the most important in soil topography. Field
    soil should be carefully evaluated. It should
    have good physical and chemical qualities, and
    some organic matter (2-5 or more) should be
    present.
  • Topography effects many things such as roads,
    irrigation systems, equipment usage, and what
    plants will grow.

29
Topography
  • Drainage - which is the removal of excess surface
    or ground water
  • The pH - which is a rating referring to the
    alkalinity or acidity of a given soil.
  • Holding capacities - specifically how much water
    or air can the soil hold and for how long.

30
Air Quality and Plant pests
  • Air quality is a factor greatly affected by
    pollution.
  • Plant pests include insects, animals, humans,
    weeds, and diseases.

31
What kinds of specialized facilities are used in
nurseries?
  • Propagation - facilities used specifically for
    the production of new plants.
  • Production - facilities used to bring a crop to a
    saleable size and market it.

32
Cold Frame
  • A type of propagation facility
  • A wooden or concrete block frame with a glass or
    polyethylene cover that is heated by the sun.
  • Used for germinating seeds, rooting cuttings,
    over wintering plants or hardening off plants for
    sale.

33
Cold Frame
34
Hotbeds
  • A type of propagation facility
  • similar to a Cold Frame but has additional heat
    supplied by electric cables or hot water pipes.
  • Used for germinating seeds, rooting cuttings or
    overwintering more temperate plants.

35
Shade Houses
  • A type of production facility
  • protect plants from wind, temperature extremes,
    rain, hail, and sun.
  • Constructed of wood lath or shade cloth.
  • Used for propagation and can usually be altered
    for overwintering by covering with polyethylene.

36
Shade House
37
Over Wintering Houses
  • A type of propagation facility
  • provide a space for overwintering plant
    materials.
  • Over Wintering is keeping plants safe and
    unharmed above ground over the winter.
  • Usually permanent and covered with polyethylene.

38
Tree House!
39
Cold Storage
  • A type of propagation facility
  • provide a cold storage area for nursery crops
  • can also be used for cold stratification
    treatments.

40
Shipping/Receiving
  • A type of propagation facility
  • centrally located area to shelter and store plant
    materials for pick-up and delivery.

41
Head House
  • A type of propagation facility
  • functions as a storage and work area
  • allows for work to occur in a dry, protected
    area.
  • Pesticides and fertilizers can be stored and
    mixed, equipment can be repaired, plants can be
    potted, etc.
  • Larger nurseries may have separate structures for
    potting, repairing, or chemical preparation.

42
  • Storage areas are for storing production
    materials in a protect site.
  • Business offices are where the business
    management activities of the nursery occur.
  • Potting areas also exist.

43
Plant hardiness zone maps
  • Used by nursery operators to productively grow
    plants.
  • A map that identifies 11 zones in the U.S. by the
    average annual minimum temps in each zone.
  • Produced by USDA
  • Recently updated to show a more complex range of
    temperatures

44
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45
Hardiness map is important because . . .
  • Young plants and plants in containers are more
    sensitive to rapid temperature changes.
  • It helps with plant selection.
  • The zone your business is located in will
    determine which plants can be successfully grown
    in your nursery and what precautions you need to
    take to overwinter them.

46
The End!
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