Title: History%20of%20the%20Animal%20Science%20Industry
1History of the Animal Science Industry
2Early Domestication
- Humans began domesticating animals more than
10,000 years ago beginning with dogs. - Ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) were the
first food animals to be domesticated followed by
pigs, possibly to dispose of table scraps and
waste products. - Horses and cattle were domesticated primarily for
transportation and draft work purposes. - Early people found animals that form large herds
or flocks and eat a wide variety of feeds are
easier to domesticate.
3Early Domestication
- Domestication involves more than simply taming.
Animals are considered to be domesticated when - they are kept for a distinct purpose
- humans control their breeding
- their survival depends on humans
- they develop traits that are not found in the
wild
4Domestication
- Domestication allowed humans to
- Contain animals with the right temperament
- Have a steady food supply
- Use animals for companionship, religious purposes
and draft work - In return, the animals received protection and a
constant food supply. - Selective breeding occurred as humans got rid of
animals with undesirable traits, not allowing
them to reproduce.
5Which of these animals was domesticated first?
- List them in the order you think they were
domesticated on your notes page. - Cattle? Horses?
- Goats? Chickens?
- Pigs? Turkeys?
- Sheep?
- Whats your guess?
6Sheep Domesticated 11,000-15,000 years ago
- Domesticated in the mountains of Southeast Europe
and Central/Southwest Asia. These areas include
the countries of - Greece, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Hungary,
Uzbekistan, Syria Yugoslavia, Turkmenistan,
Iraq , Romania, Tajikistan Bulgaria, Afghanistan
and Iran - Favorable because of their wool and meat for
which they are still used and bred today. - Because of selective breeding for traits and
other results of domestication, sheep are the
only species of livestock that would be unable to
return to the wild.
7Cattle Domesticated 10,000-15,000 years ago
- Domesticated near the boundary of Europe and Asia
and/or Southwest Asia - This area includes the countries of Russia,
Turkey, Ukraine, Syria, Moldavia, Turkmenistan,
Iran, Iraq - In the beginning, cattle were used mainly for
meat, milk and labor but eventually were replaced
by horses in most of the draft work.
8Horses Domesticated approx. 5,000 years ago
- Horses were domesticated in Eastern Europe and
Western Asia. This area includes the countries of
Mongolia and Siberia. - Originally, horses were used for meat and milk,
but eventually became useful as pack and draft
animals.
9Pigs Domesticated 5,000 - 9,000 years ago
- Pigs were first domesticated in the Middle East
(Mesopotamia) in countries such as Syria, Iraq
and Turkey and then spread across Asia, Europe
and Africa. - Pigs were utilized more in settled farming
communities than in nomadic groups because they
are difficult to move for long distances.
10Animal Domestication
- Goats
- The goat was among the earliest animals to be
domesticated, around 6000 - 7000 B.C. in Western
Asia. - The goat could easily revert to its wild state.
- Chickens
- Chickens were known in China more than 3,400
years ago and also in Southeast Asia (China,
Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Philippines, Burma) - Turkeys
- The turkey is the only North American domestic
animal and was domesticated in middle North
America.
11Use the information . . .
- Use the notes we just took to draw a simple
timeline on your worksheet illustrating the order
in which animals were domesticated. - It might look something like this.
Sheep 11,000-15,000 years ago
Cattle 10,000-15,000 years ago
Goats 6,000-7,000 years ago
Pigs 5,000-9,000 years ago
Present
Chickens 3,400 years ago
Horses 5,000 years ago
12What is animal science?
- Animal husbandry is the art of working with farm
animals. - Animal science is the scientific study of farm
animals. - Biology is the study of life that seeks to
provide an understanding of the natural world.
13What is animal science?
- Genetics
- Embryology
- Zoology
- Botany
- Agronomy
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- Chemistry
- Nutrition
- Pathology
- Parasitology
- Entomology
- Bacteriology
- Economics
- Computer Science
- Ethology
- Ecology
- Communications
- Finance
- Political Science
- Law
- Engineering
- Microbiology
14History of Animal Agriculture in the United States
- Columbus brought livestock to the West Indies
- Cortez brought cattle and sheep to Mexico
- 1539 DeSoto brought horses and hogs to Florida
- 1641 William Pynchon, Massachusetts, was first
meat - packer exporting salt pork
- 1760 Robert Bakewell, England, began breeding
- animals for a purpose, created
different types.
15History of Animal Ag in U.S.
- 1861-1865 Changes occurred during the Civil War
- Railroads decreased need for horses and mules and
for stock to be raised where they are consumed - Refrigeration in box cars allowed shipping of
carcasses to population centers - Now animals could be raised in one place, sold at
another and consumed at yet another. - Change in tastes beef became most popular.
- Before the war, pork was the most popular meat
(mainly due to ease of storage), but beef became
the most popular meat after the war because of
refrigeration.
16History of Animal Ag in U.S.
- 1862 Land Grant Act provides public
lands for universities to teach agriculture - 1872 Hatch Act establishes experiment stations
- 1914 Smith Lever Act establishes cooperative
extension service
17Animal Contributions to Society
- Food
- Mutton and chevon are eaten by more people
than any other meat - Beef is eaten in larger quantities than any other
meat. - Certain religions restrict beef and pork
consumption - Hindus do not eat beef.
- Muslim, Hind, and Orthodox Jews do not eat pork
- Many people eat horsemeat
- Goats, ewes, cattle, mares, sows, llamas, camels,
reindeer and yaks provide milk and milk products.
18Animal Contributions to Society
- Clothing
- Wool, hair, hides (leather), and pelts have
commonly been used for clothing. - Even today, in more than 100 countries, ruminant
fibers such as hair and wool are used in the
manufacture of clothing, bedding, housing and
carpets.
19Animal Contributions to Society
- Shelter
- Hair and hides provide material for shelter. For
example, hides are used in teepees, while hair is
used in plaster (horsehair plaster). -
- Tools
- Early man relied on bones and hides for tools.
- Utensils
- Bladders, horns, catgut and dynamite are animal
products that are commonly used. - Personal Items
- Humans use animal products or by-products for
jewelry and perfume.
20Animal Contributions to Society
- Power
- Animals have always been important throughout
history for draft work, packing and transporting
humans. In the 1920s, more than 25 million horses
were used primarily for draft purposes. - Today, in developing countries, animals provide
as much as 99 of the power used in agriculture
while 20 of the world's populations depend on
animals for moving goods. - India has more than 200 million cattle and
buffalo, but because cattle are sacred in India,
they are not slaughtered for meat. These animals
are used to provide power for field work.
21Animal Contributions to Society
- War
- Animals were used in war for transportation and
power - Religion
- Some societies worship animals.
- Recreation
- Companionship and hobbies or sports such as
horseback riding - Health
- Laboratory animals are commonly used for
research. - Miniature pigs have been used in laboratory
research because they closely resemble humans in
their pulmonary, cardiac, dental and even
pre-natal brain development. - Cattle and sheep have been used to test
artificial organs before use in humans. - Humans also use animal products and by-products
in pharmaceuticals.