Unit 8

1
Unit 8Chapters 20 21

• Populism and Progressivism (1870 1917) CSS
  11.2, 11.3, 11.4

2
James A. Garfield1881
1880
Stalwarts v. Half-Breeds
I am a Stalwart. Arthur is now President of the
United States. --Charles Guiteau
396

• Election of 1880
• Pendleton Act, 1883
• Social Gospel, 1882

R James A. Garfield 4,453,295 214
D Winfield S. Hancock 4,414,082 155
GL James B. Weaver 308,578 --

• Christian Science, 1879
• Salvation Army, 1880
• with heart to God, and hand to man

3
Grover Cleveland1885-1889
1884
Ma, ma, wheres my Pa?

• Election of Scandals (1884)
• Mugwumps
• Greenback Labor Party
• Grover Cleveland

401
Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion
D Grover Cleveland 4,879,507 219
R James G. Blaine 4,850,293 182
GL Benjamin F. Butler 175,370 --
P John P. St. John 150,369 --

• National Prohibition Party, 1869
• Womens Christian Temperance Union, 1873
• Anti-Saloon League, 1893

4
The Farmers Unite
Raise less corn and more hell. --Mary E. Lease

• Patrons of Husbandry (Grange), 1867
• Munn v. Illinois, 1877
• Wabash decision, 1886

• Farmers Alliance, 1890
• Populist Party, 1890
• Mary E. Lease

5
Benjamin Harrison1889-1893
1888
401

• Pension Act, 1890
• McKinley Tariff, 1890

R Benjamin Harrison 5,447,129 233
D Grover Cleveland 5,537,857 168
Pr Clinton B. Fisk 249,506 --
UL Anson J. Streeter 146,935 --

• Sherman Silver Purchase Act, 1890
• Depression of 1893

6
Grover Cleveland1893-1897
1892
The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am
for Socialism because I am for humanity. Eugene
V. Debs

• Coxeys Army, 1894
• Wilson-Gorman Bill, 1894

444
D Grover Cleveland 5,555,426 277
R Benjamin Harrison 5,182,690 145
P James B. Weaver 1,029,846 22
Pr John Bidwell 264,133 --

• Homestead Strike, 1892
• Pullman Strike, 1894

7
The Populists
We will answer their demands for a gold standard
by saying to them You shall not press down upon
the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall
not crucify mankind upon a cross of
gold. William Jennings Bryan

• William Jennings Bryan
• Populists and the Wizard of Oz

• Populist Party, 1890
• Omaha Platform, 1892
• 50/ per person in currency
• graduated income tax
• nationalization of railroads, utilities, and
  communications
• secret Australian ballot
• one-term limit for president
• restriction of immigration
• 8-hour workday
• tariff reduction

• Populist Party
• farmersno education
• workersno commitment
• Bryanswitched parties
• Populist party members
• Populists supporters
• Industrialists on coasts
• Pinkerton detectives
• President of U.S.
• silver slippers

• Dorothy
• Scarecrowno brains
• Tin Manno heart
• Cowardly Lionno courage
• Munchkins
• Good Witch of N/S
• Wicked Witch of E/W
• Flying Monkeys
• Wizard
• Ruby slippers

8
William McKinley1897-1901
1896
447

• Election of 1896
• Dingley Tariff, 1897
• Gold Standard Act, 1900

R William McKinley 7,102,246 271
D William J. Bryan 6,492,559 176

• Leon Czolgosz
• Industrial Workers of the World, 1905

9
The Muckrakers

• Jacob Riis
• How the Other Half Lives (1890)
• David G. Phillips
• The Treason of the Senate (1906)
• Upton Sinclair
• The Jungle, 1906
• Thorstein Veblen

• Muckrakers
• Ida Tarbell
• The History of Standard Oil (1904)
• Lincoln Steffens
• The Shame of the Cities (1904)

10
Progressive Reform

• Democratic Reform
• Australian (secret) ballot
• Initiative
• Referendum
• Recall
• open primary

• Efficiency in Government
• centralized decision-making
• reduced graft/corruption
• merit over patronage
• Business Regulation
• trust busting
• end of laissez faire
• conservation
• Social Justice
• settlement houses
• child labor laws
• improved working conditions
• progressive income tax (16th Amendment)
• Prohibition (18th Amendment)
• womens rights (Muller v. Oregon, 1908)

11
Theodore Roosevelt1901-1909
1904
476

• Theodore Teddy Roosevelt
• Anthracite Coal Strike, 1902
• Roosevelt Panic, 1907

R Theodore Roosevelt 7,628,461 336
D Alton B. Parker 5,084,223 140
S Eugene V. Debs 402,283 --
Pr Silas C. Swallow 258,536 --

• Gentlemens Agreement, 1906

12
Roosevelts 3 Cs
When I say I believe in a square deal I do not
mean . . . to give every man the best hand. If
the cards do not come to any man, or if they do
come, and he has not got the power to play them,
that is his affair. All I mean is that there
shall be no crookedness in the dealing.
Theodore Roosevelt, 1905

• Control the Trust
• Northern Securities decision
• Elkins Act, 1903
• Hepburn Act, 1906

• Consumer Protection
• Meat Inspection Act, 1906
• Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906
• Conservation
• Forest Reserve Act, 1891
• Newlands Act, 1902

13
William H. Taft1909-1913
1908

• William H. Taft
• Payne-Aldritch Tariff, 1909
• Ballinger-Pinchot Affair, 1909

483
R William H. Taft 7,675,320 321
D William J. Bryan 6,412,294 162
S Eugene V. Debs 420,793 --
Pr Eugene W. Chafin 253,840 --

• Triangle Shirtwaist Fire, 1911
• John Dewey

14
Election of 1912
1912
531

• Election of 1912

D Woodrow Wilson 6,296,547 435
P Theodore Roosevelt 4,118,571 88
R William H. Taft 3,486,720 8
S Eugene V. Debs 900,672 --
Pr Eugene W. Chafin 206,275 --

• New Nationalism (TR)
• New Freedom (Wilson)

15
Black Rights

• grandfather clause
• Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896
• Ida B. Wells

• W.E.B. DuBois
• Niagara Movement, 1905
• NAACP, 1909

16
Woodrow Wilson1913-1921
1916
531

• Woodrow Wilson
• Seamans Act, 1915
• Jones Act, 1916
• Workmens Compensation Act, 1916

He kept us out of war!
D Woodrow Wilson 9,127,695 277
R Charles E. Hughes 8,533,507 254
S A.L. Benson 585,113 --
Pr J.F. Hanly 220,506 --

• National Consumers League, 1898
• National Board of Censorship, 1909

17
Triple Wall of Privilege
This is not a day of triumph it is a day of
dedication. Here muster not the forces of party,
but the forces of humanity . . . I summon all
honest men, all patriotic, all forward-looking
men, to my side. God helping me, I will not fail
them, if they will but counsel and sustain me!
Woodrow Wilson, Inaugural Address, 1913

• Tariff
• Underwood Tariff, 1913
• Banks
• Pujo Committee, 1911
• Federal Reserve Act, 1913

• Trusts
• Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914
• Federal Trade Commission, 1914
• Keating-Owen Act, 1916
• Adamson Act, 1916

18
Womens Movement

• Jane Addams
• Florence Kelly
• Muller v. Oregon, 1908

• Carrie Chapman Catt
• Francis E. Willard
• Charlotte Perkins Gilman
• Margaret Sanger

19
19th Century Imperialism
Take up the White Mans burden Send forth the
best ye breed Go bind your sons to exile To
serve your captives need To wait in heavy
harness On fluttered folk and wild Your
new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and
half-child. --Rudyard Kipling, 1903

• Open Door Policy, 1899
• Boxer Rebellion, 1900

• Capt. Alfred Thayer Mahan
• Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783
• Needs of a Modern Empire
• Sewards Folly, 1867
• Big Sister Policy, 1880s

20
Spanish-American War, 1898
You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the
war. --William Randolph Hearst

• Cuba Revolution, 1895
• Yellow Journalism
• Dupuy de Lome
• U.S.S. Maine, 1898

• Manila Bay
• Rough Riders
• Treaty of Paris, 1898
• Platt Amendment, 1901

21
America in the Pacific

• Hawaii, 1898
• Great White Fleet, 1907
• Philippines, 1898-1947

• Emilio Aguinaldo
• Insular Cases
• Anti-Imperialist League