America

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Americas Civil War
North vs. South
1861-1865
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(No Transcript)
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President Abraham Lincoln

• President of the United States (the North!!!)

• Southern States SECEDED because they thought
  Lincoln would end slavery

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President Jefferson Davis

• President of the Confederate States (the
  South!!!)

• Southern Capital was in Richmound, Virginia

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Northern (Union) Advantages

• More people than South

• More factories

• Make more weapons supplies

• More/better railroads

• More ships

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Look at all of the Northern ADVANTAGES!!!!
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Northern (Union) Disadvantages

• North had to Invade/attack the South

• They dont know hiding spots
• They dont know the terrain

• North had to fight the DETERMINED South

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Southern (Confederate) Advantages

• White Southerners STRONGLY SUPPORTED the war

• Fighting on their own land

• they know hiding spots know land

• determined to keep their land

• Experienced military leaders

• Had slaves to work on fields, while soldiers
  fought

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Southern (Confederate) Disadvantages

• Less people than North

• fewer soldiers/ slaves didnt fight

• Hardly any factories

• Couldnt make weapons supplies

• Hardly any railroads

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Battle at Fort Sumter
U.S. Fort off the coast of South Carolina
South wanted to attack and capture Fort Sumter
1st Battle of the Civil War- April 12,1861
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Battle at Fort Sumter

1. U.S. troops were low on supplies were stuck in
   the Fort

2. Lincoln sends supplies to his troops
3. The South attacks Fort Sumter before the
supplies can get there!!!
4. The North surrenders after 33 hours
5. The South wins the 1st battle gets control
of the fort!
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The South bombarding Fort Sumter with cannon fire
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1st Battle of Bull Run

• July 21, 1861

1. The North drives the South back

2. Then Stonewall Jackson helps the South by
bringing reinforcements!!
3. The South Drives the Northerners back
4. The Northern troops RUN AWAY!
5. The South Wins AGAIN!
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Southern General Stonewall Jackson

• Leader of the 1st Battle of Bull Run (South Won)

Nickname Someone stated There is Jackson
standing like a stone wall." The soldiers under
his command came to admire his stubborn courage
and started calling him "Stonewall" Jackson
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Approximately 5,000 men died (3,000 were Union
soldiers)
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The Lives of Soldiers
Confederate (South) Uniform
Union (North) Uniform
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The Lives of Soldiers
Draft Laws
South Men 18- 35 (1862) Men 18 - 45 (1862) Men 17- 50 (1864) North-1863 Men 20-45

• North- Many men got out of being drafted
• paid 300 fee or hired substitute
• Only 6 of the drafted men served!

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The Lives of Soldiers
Food Was SCARCE!!!

• Food Choices were limited.
• Meats were salted or smoked
• Fruits and vegetables were dried or canned.

• Soldiers got daily rations.
• Everything was given out uncooked so the
  soldiers prepared their meals.
• Small groups would often gather together to cook
  and share their rations and they called the group
  a "mess"

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The Lives of Soldiers
What did they eat?

• Hardtack was a biscuit made of flour.

• Soldiers were allowed six to eight Hardtack
  crackers for a 3 day ration

• Hardtack did not get to the soldiers until
  months after it had been made. By that time, they
  were very hard, so hard that soldiers called them
  "sheet iron crackers". Sometimes they were
  infested with small bugs the soldiers called
  weevils, so they referred to the hardtack as
  "worm castles."

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The Lives of Soldiers
What did they eat?

• Meat
• Coffee
• Hardtack
• Stew

• If a march was near, men would cook everything
  at once and store it in their haversack, (a
  canvas bag made with a sling to hang over the
  shoulder).
• Haversacks had a inner cloth bag that could be
  removed and washed, though it still became a
  greasy, foul-smelling container after several
  weeks of use.

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The Lives of Soldiers
Civil War Entertainment

• Wrote letters home/ diaries
• Read (newspapers, bibles magazines)
• Played music (banjo, fiddle, guitar)
• Races (wheel barrel, soldiers on hogs,
  cockaroaches)
• Played baseball
• Bowling (used cannon balls!)
• Sat around and talked

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The Lives of Women
What were women doing during the war?

• Took over mens jobs
• Worked in factories (north)
• Tended to the farms (south)
• Became nurses
• Made uniforms blankets for soldiers
• Some were SPIES!

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The Lives of Women
Nurse Clara Barton

• Delivered supplies to battle fields
• Tended to the wounded soldiers
• 1881- Organized the American Red Cross
• served as its President for 20 years!

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The Lives of Women
Spy Rose Greenhow

• Entertained Union Troops
• Actually spying on North
• Was caught
• Exiled to the South (she was greeted with
  CHEERS!)

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The Lives of African Americans
South

• Beginning of war 3.5 million slaves!!!
• Southerners didnt want slaves fighting
• Slaves worked on farms in coal iron mines as
  nurses cooks
• 1865 (last year of war)- South finally started
  using them in battle

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Slaves working in the fields during the Civil War
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The Lives of African Americans
North

• Beginning of war couldnt join Northern army
• 1862- could serve in Northern army
• Made up 10 of Union Army 18 of Navy
• 200,000 served 37,000 died for the U.S.

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The Lives of African Americans
Most cooking occurred on an outdoor fire. In the
early days of the war freed slaves were not
allowed to carry a rifle and fight. They were
often given the role of cook
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The Lives of African Americans
North

• Soldiers were SEPARATE from whites in the army
• Got LOWER PAY than whites (until 1864)
• Could not become commanding officers

Company E, 4th US. Colored Infantry
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Emancipation Proclamation

• Lincoln issued this
• January 1, 1863
• Freed all slaves in Confederate States
• DID NOT free slaves in Non-Rebel states
• Felt slaves were helping South prolong war

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Emancipation Proclamation

• Did not actually free anyone southern owners
  didnt just let slaves leave.
• Many slaves heard about Proclamation
• Some tried to escape (100,000 slaves escaped
  BEFORE Proclamation)

-Signing of Emancipation Proclamation
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13th Amendment

• 1865 added to constitution
• Freed ALL Slaves
• No More Slavery in U.S.

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Battle of Shiloh

• April 6th-7th 1862

1. April 6th- South launches a surprise attack!

2. The South drives General Grant the North
Back!
3. April 7th 25,000 more Northern troops come
to help
4. The North Attacks and Wins!
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Northern General Ulysses S. Grant

• Leader of the Battle of Shiloh (North Won)

• Forced General Robert E. Lee and the South to
  SURRENDER at Appomattox Courthouse

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Over 20,000 troops were killed wounded in the
Battle of Shiloh
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Battle of Antietam

• September 17, 1862

1. Bloodiest Single Day Battle- 23,000 Killed
   Wounded

2. Lee South attacked the North
3. The North Was LUCKYthey had a copy of Lees
Battle plans!!!!
4. The South retreats, so North Claimed Victory!
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Southern General Robert E. Lee

• Most important Southern military leader

• Surrendered and ended the war

• He never went to jail for his role in the Civil
  War

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Confederate troops lay dead after the Battle of
Antietam
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This picture shows President Lincoln at Antietam
after the battle
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Battle of Gettysburg

• July 1st- 3rd, 1863

1. July 1st- North had to retreat

2. July 2nd- North faced heavy attack but held
firm
3. July 3rd South had to retreat lost too many
men
4. North Won!
Battle with the most killed and wounded (46,000
in 3 days)
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Gettysburg Address

• November 19th, 1863

1. Lincoln gave his famous speech telling people to
   remember the people who died in battle

2. Stated, these dead shall not have died in
vainthis nation shall have a new birth of
freedom
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Gettysburg Address
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Northern General William Sherman

• Sherman and his 65,000 troops were in Georgia for
  36 days and destroyed everything that could help
  the South during the war

• Southern Civilians had been evacuated before he
  set Atlanta on fire

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Shermans March Through Georgia

• November 18th December 22nd, 1864

• Sherman ordered his troops to burn crops, kill
  livestock, consume supplies, and destroy civilian
  infrastructure along their path. This is called
  total war.

• The Army wrecked 300 miles (480 km) of railroad
  and numerous bridges and miles of telegraph
  lines.
• It seized 5,000 horses, 4,000 mules, and 13,000
  head of cattle.
• It confiscated 9.5 million pounds of corn and
  10.5 million pounds of fodder, and destroyed
  uncounted cotton gins and mills.

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Sherman Crippled the South (destroyed railroads,
buildings, farms)
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Union soldiers wrecking railroad lines
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SHERMAN'S TROOPS BURNING A RAILROAD STATION.
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Shermans March Through Georgia
He captured 1,328 prisoners and 167 guns, and
destroyed 20,000 bales of cotton.

• About 10,000 slaves fled their plantations to
  follow Sherman's army

• The North took over the city of Savannah, Georgia

• Shermans march was a HUGE success for the North!

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Lee Surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse

• April 9th, 1865

• General Lee surrendered to Northern General
  Ulysses Grant.

• The Southern soldiers put down their weapons, and
  then were free to go home.

• The Civil War was OVER!!!
• The North Won!!!
• The North South stay ONE Nation!

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Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendering to
Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox
Court House, Virginia, April 9, 1865
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Civil War Facts

• More than 3 million men fought in the war.
  More than 620,000 people died

• There were 6,000,000 cases of disease in the
  Federal armies, which meant that, on an average,
  every man was sick at least twice.

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Civil War Field Hospital
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Civil War Effects

• Much of the South was destroyed
• Southern houses, farms, railroads bridges were
  ruined
• 4 million Southern Slaves were freed after the
  war
• These slaves DIDNT have homes, jobs, food,
  clothes, or money