Lincoln drove home two points during his inauguration

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Lincoln drove home two points during his
inauguration

1. He would do whatever needed to preserve the Union
2. He had no intent to interfere, directly or
   indirectly, with the institution of slavery

2
The Civil War was underway!

• The North vs. The South
• The Union vs. The Confederacy
• The Blue vs. the Gray

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April 12, 1861Charleston, South Carolina

• Lincoln planned to maintain
• control over the South by
• holding federal fortifications
• in the secession states
• Jefferson Davis, elected
• Confederate President,
• saw this as a weakness
• and refused to allow it.

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• Lincoln sends a supply ship
• to fortify Fort Sumter,
• a Union garrison.
• For two days, Confederate troops bombarded the
  fortress ,
• forcing the federal forces to surrender.

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An ill-prepared North readied for war.

• Northern forces
• -only 16,000 men
• -No general staff
• -only 42 ships ready
• Lincoln calls up 75,000 militia to active service
  for 90 days.
• In the South
• -500,000 men enlisted for service
• -Had prepared leaders who
• graduated from West Point
• But,
• Did not have enough guns
• or uniforms

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July,1861The Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)

• First major battle of war
• 30,000 Union v 22,000 Confed.
• General Thomas J. Jackson
• Uses 9000 inexperienced Confed.
• Troops to force Union troops
• to retreat to Washington
• (gets nickname Stonewall)
• Things seem to be going
• the Souths way..

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• Battles With Dual Names
• Date of Battle Confederate
  Name Federal Name 
• July 21, 1861  First
  Manassas  Bull Run 
• Aug. 10, 1861  Oak
  Hills  Wilson's Creek 
• Oct. 21, 1861  
  Leesburg  Ball's Bluff 
• Jan. 19, 1862  Mill Springs 
  Logan's Cross Roads 
• Mar. 7-8, 1862  Elkhorn Tavern Pea
  Ridge 
• Apr. 6-7, 1862 
  Shiloh  Pittsburg Landing 
• June 27, 1862 Gaines's Mill 
  Chickahominy 
• Aug. 29-30,1862 Second Manassas   Second
  Bull Run 
• Sept. 1, 1862  Ox Hill
  Chantilly 
• Sept. 14, 1862  Boonsboro  South
  Mountain 
• Sept. 17, 1862  Sharpsburg 
  Antietam 
• Oct. 8, 1862  Perryville 
  Chaplin Hills 
• Dec. 31, 1862- Jan 2, 1863  Murfreesboro 
  Stones River 
• Apr. 8, 1864  Mansfield Sabine
  Cross Roads 
• Sept. 19, 1864  Winchester 
  Opequon Creek

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1862

• Union General Ulysses S. Grant
• The Battle of Shiloh
• Union Victory
• 13,000 Union and 11,000 Confederate dead
• Significance
• S Troops began to desert service
• Davis enacts the first conscription law in US
  history (a draft)
• Rich Southerners hired substitutes to serve in
  their place
• (5K to 6K)
• Or sent their slaves

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• Davis also
• -imposed martial law
• (military in control)
• -collected taxes from
• farm and plantation owners
• -Forced farmers to switch
• from cash crops to food crops
• -Used slaves for labor (impressment)
• -Took control of all Southern railroads

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August 1862

• The Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg)
• Confederate General Robert E. Lee
• Vs.
• Union General George B. McClellan
• Lees plans are discovered (cigars)
• McClellan is slow to react
• September 17 Sharpsburg, MD
• 14 hours of intense fighting
• over a small bridge

Robert E. Lee
George B McClellan
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• 4,800 dead
• 18,500 wounded
• 3,500 would die from injuries
• Darkness mercifully ended the
• single bloodiest day in American History

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The Ironclads

• New ship technology
• Wooden ships covered with steel plates one foot
  thick
• South The Virginia (Merrimack)
• North The Monitor
• Sunday March 9, 1862
• After 6 hours and no damage
• the battle was over
• The era of the wooden ship died!

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CSS Virginia
USS Merrimack
comes from the
USS Monitor
Damage for the battle
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The H.L. Hunley

• Thomas Park Thomas Lyons
• The first attack submarine
• Used a spar torpedo that was stuck on the hull of
  the enemy ship

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1863

• McClellan is replaced with General Hooker (end of
  1862)
• - he ignored a direct presidential order at
  Battle of Richmond
• January 1, 1863
• President Lincoln issues the
  Emancipation Proclamation
• It promised to free the slaves of those secession
  states who did not return to the Union!

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But only if the North wins!

• By the Emancipation Proclamation 3,063,392 slaves
  were set free, as follows
• Arkansas 111,104 Alabama 435,132 Florida 61,753
  
• Georgia 462,232 Mississippi 436,696 North
  Carolina 275,081
• South Carolina 402,541 Texas 180,682 Virginia
  (part) 450,437
• Louisiana (part) 247,734

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The Battle of Gettysburg

• July 1st, 2nd 3rd, 1863
• 75,000 Confed. meet 97,000 Union
• Confederates use their resources to attempt to
  break the Union line.
• July 3 Picketts Charge
• 15,000 Confed. troops marches across 1000 open
  yards.
• 10,000 Confed. soldiers would
  be wounded or killed.

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• Union losses
• 3,155 dead 23,049 wounded
• Confederate losses
• 4,965 dead 17,287 wounded
• It is the deadliest engagement of the Civil War!
• The North could resupply
• Marks the beginning of the end for the South

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November 19, 1863

• President Lincoln is invited to speak at the
  dedication ceremony for Gettysburg National
  Cemetery
• The Gettysburg Address
• -267 words long
• Ignites the fighting spirit
• of the North
• Lincoln is determined to win!

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1864 The Beginning of the End

• - Battle of the Wilderness
• Battle of Spotsylvania

Shermans March to the Sea - Gen. William
Tecumseh Sherman
Marches from the Mississippi River to
Atlanta, Georgia destroying everything in his
path
Much southern resistance was destroyed!
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1865 Only Virginia and the Carolinas remained

• Sherman and Grant agree to meet in
  Richmond
• Lee is forced to retreat across the Appomattox
  River
• -after losing 7,000 more men, Lee makes a
  fateful decision
• April 9, 1865
• General Robert E. Lee surrendered to
• General Ulysses S. Grant
• at Appomattox Courthouse
• (McLean House)
• The War is Over!

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The Cost of War!

• 620,000 soldiers lost their lives
• -360,000 Union
• -260,000 Confederate
• (nearly equals the 680,000 lost in ALL other was
  US has been involved with)
• A stronger National government
• -took over jobs managed by states
• -currency, militias, taxes and more
• A new sense of Nation / Union
• and Lincoln is reelected

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April 14, 1865

• President Lincoln decides to celebrate by taking
  a play in at Fords Theater

Little did he know the third act would be so
painful!
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John Wilkes Booth

• Original plot to kidnap Lincoln and force N. to
  surrender
• After Appomattox, it becomes a plot to kill the
  President and other cabinet members
• (VP Sec of State)
• 8 other conspirators
• included a woman
• (Mary E. Surratt)

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• Booth shoots Lincoln in the head
• He leaps to the stage (breaking a leg)
• and escapes into the night
• Co-conspirator fails to kill
• William Seward Sec of State
• (Lewis Paine)
• Lincoln is carried across the
• street and lies motionless until
• 722 a.m. the next morning
• He dies of his wounds
  

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• Booth would flee and later be shot in the neck by
  Sgt. Boston Corbett
• Providence directed me

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• The remaining conspirators were hung for their
  roles
• Mary E. Surratt became the first woman executed
  by the Federal Government

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• On April 15, 1865
• Andrew Johnson was sworn in as the President of
  the United States
• Lincoln never saw his lasting affect on the
  nation.