Fighting WWI

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Fighting WWI Treaty of Versailles
Enduring Understandings 1. Nationalism,
imperialism, militarism, and alliances propelled
the industrialized nations into a devastating
world war. 2. Advancement of technology changed
the nature of global conflict and cooperation. 3.
Cooperation among nations may not necessarily be
fair for all parties.

1. Review events of WWI by plotting the key events
   on a timeline color code Eastern Front, Western
   Front, Southern and rest of the world
2. Complete page 15 graphically organize
   understanding of how the war ended with the
   Treaty of Versailles.
3. Compare how the Treaty of Versailles compared
   with the Congress of Vienna and the lessons to be
   learned from the differences by completing page
   16.
4. Work with groups on storybook

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Key events for a timeline

1. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
2. Russian mobilization
3. Creation of Triple Alliance
4. Creation of Triple entente
5. 1st Battle of Marne
6. 2nd Battle of Marne
7. Battle of Somme
8. Battle of Verdun
9. American entrance to war
10. Sinking of Lusitania
11. Zimmerman Letter uncovered
12. German military mutiny
13. Germany declares war on Russia
14. Germany declares war on France

1. Gallipoli campaign
2. Arab revolt led by Hussein bin Ali and his son
   Faisal
3. Abdication by Russian Czar
4. Lenin and Bolsheviks take over Russia
5. Signing of Treaty of Brest Litovsk
6. Armistice
7. Signing of Treaty of Versailles
8. Italy switches sides
9. Ottomans and Bulgarians surrender
10. Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates
11. Austria invades Serbia
12. Britain enters the war
13. Submarine warfare begins

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Key events for a timeline

• 1882 - Creation of Triple Alliance
• 1907 - Creation of Triple entente
• June 28, 1914 - Assassination of Archduke Franz
  Ferdinand
• July 28, 1914 - Austria invades Serbia
• July 29, 1914 - Russian mobilization
• Aug 13, 1914 Germany declares war on Russia
  France
• Aug 4, 1914 UK declares war on Germany
• Sept 5-10, 1914 - 1st Battle of Marne
• Feb 4 1915 German submarine war begins
• Feb-Dec 1916 - Battle of Verdun
• April 25, 1915 - Gallipoli campaign
• May 5, 1915 - Sinking of Lusitania
• June 5, 1916 - Arab revolt led by Hussein bin Ali
  and his son Faisal

July-Nov 1916 - Battle of Somme Jan 1917 -
Zimmerman Letter uncovered March 15, 1917 -
Abdication by Russian Czar July 3, 1917 -
American forces enter war Nov 7, 1917 - Lenin and
Bolsheviks take over Russia Dec 3, 1917 - Signing
of Treaty of Brest Litovsk May 31, 1918 - 2nd
Battle of Marne July-Oct 1918 - German military
mutiny Nov 9, 1918 - Kaiser abdicates Nov 11,
1918 - Armistice May 23, 1915 - Italy switches
sides Oct 30, 1918 - Ottomans and Bulgarians
surrender June 28, 1919 - Signing of Treaty of
Versailles
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Treaty of Versailles

• Conference to establish terms of peace after WWI
• Represented by the Big Four
• Woodrow Wilson, president of the United States
  (14 points proposal)-
• Georges Clemenceau, prime minister of France
• David Lloyd George, prime minister of Great
  Britain
• Vittorio Orlando, prime minister of Italy
• Not representedRussia, Germany, German allies
• Does this seem right?

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Wilsons 14 points how do each relate to causes
or results of WWI?

1. Open covenants of peace openly arrived at
2. Freedom of the seas
3. Freedom from trade barriers
4. Reduction of armaments
5. Impartial adjustment of colonial claims
6. Evacuation of Russian territory and Russian
   self-determination
7. Evacuation and restoration of Belgium
8. Evacuation of France and restoration of
   Alsace-Lorraine to France
9. Readjustment of Italian frontiers
10. Independent development for the peoples of
    Austria-Hungary
11. Readjustments in the Balkans
12. Independent development for the non-Turkish
    nationalities of the Ottoman Empire and the
    opening of the Dardanelles
13. Restoration of an independent Poland with access
    to the sea and
14. Establishment of a general association of nations.

• Wilsons guiding principles
• Lasting peace based on
• End to secret treaties
• Freedom of the seas
• Free trade
• Reduction in standing militaries (end to
  militarism)
• Adjustment of colonies
• Self-determination
• Creation of a global organization to keep the
  peace (League of Nations)
• France and Britain had different concerns
• Their own national security against future
  attacks (US was protected by two big oceans)
• Weakening German potential for war
• Punishing Germany

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Treaty of Versailles

• Treaty punished Germany
• Excludes Germany from League of Nations
• Seizes all colonial possessions in Africa and
  the Pacific
• Restricted the size and activities of its
  military
• Forced to accept full responsibility for the war
• Required to pay war reparations
• Created new nations (see map 1918 Europepg. 382
  or 857)
• Established a League of Nations, an
  international organization whose goal would be to
  keep peace among nations

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The Treaty did not achieve a lasting peace

• The US rejected the treaty because it did not
  want any foreign entanglements
• People (Senate) wanted US to stay out of European
  affairs
• Did not like League of Nations , which would
  connect the US formally to the rest of the world
  and cause US to lose its sovereignty
• The League was unable to do much without the
  financial and military support of the US. Plus
  without the US, the other countries believed
  that they could ignore the League whenever they
  wished
• The Treaty of Versailles led to
• Tremendous humiliation feelings by Germans and
  Italians
• Weak economies in Italy and Germany
• Africans and Asians were disappointed and angry
  that their goals for independence had been
  ignored (Wilsons self-determination proposal was
  ignored by Britain and France at Versailles)
• Italy and Japan very disappointed that they
  gained little land concessions from the losers.

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The Legacy of the War

• The war left 8.5 million soldiers dead and 21
  million wounded, as well as millions of civilians
  dead and wounded
• The war cost 338 billion, destroys land and
  towns in Europe and Russia, and caused
  disillusionment in society, as an entire
  generation of Europeans is lost
• Treaty of Versailles would not lead to a lasting
  peace, but instead serve as a cause of WWII

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