Muslim Culture

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Muslim Culture
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Sciences

• Preserved knowledge of Greek and Roman Culture
  during the Middle Ages
• Medical advancements
• Astronomy
• Astrolabe helped determine relative position
• Mathematics
• Al-jabr Algebra

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City

• Power Centers- Cultural Centers
• Islam spread through trade between cities
• Baghdad, Damascus, and Cairo

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Arts and Literature

• Literature
• Quran
• The Thousand and One Nights
• Continued and adopted arts from conquered regions
• Calligraphy
• Art of beautiful handwriting
• Architecture

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Society

• Women expected to be veiled in public
• Women submit to men but are equal in faith
• Women have more rights than European women of the
  time

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Classes of Muslim Culture

• 1. Muslims at birth
• 2. Converts to Islam
• 3. Protected people People of the Book
• Christians and Jews
• 4. Slaves
• Non Muslims
• Often Prisoners of War

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Organization and Structure of Religions
Category Christianity
Following 2 Billion
Deity God
Founder Jesus Christ
Holy Book Bible
Leadership Priest/ Minister
Place of Worship Church
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Organization and Structure of Religions
Category Judaism
Following 14.5 Million
Deity Yahweh
Founder Abraham
Holy Book Torah, Talmud
Leadership Rabbi
Place of Worship Synagogue
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Organization and Structure of Religions
Category Islam
Following 1.2 Billion
Deity Allah
Founder Muhammad
Holy Book Quran
Leadership Imam
Place of Worship Mosque
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Mecca

• Holy City of Islam

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Five Pillars of Islam

• Faith
• Prayer
• Almsgiving
• Fasting
• Especially during the month of Ramadan
• Pilgrimage to Mecca

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Shari' a

• System of Islamic Law
• Regulates family life and moral conduct

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Caliph

• Successor or deputy to Muhammad
• Leader of Islam

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Sunni

• Believe Muslim leaders should follow Muhammads
  example

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Shi a

• Believe successors (Caliph) should follow
  Muhammads family line

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Crusades Holy Wars

• Causes
• Byzantine Emperor was fighting Muslim Turks
• Palestine was under Muslim control
• Opportunity to get rid of nobles
• Profit driven

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Crusades

• People
• Saladin- Kurdish (Turkish) warrior reclaimed
  Jerusalem
• Pope Urban II- Pope called for Holy War
• King Richard the Lionhearted- Led 3rd Crusade

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Crusades

1. Womens role advanced
2. Expanded trade
3. Weakened the Pope
4. Increased kings power
5. Byzantine Empire fell
6. Religious resentment

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Islam in Spain

Expansion into Spain Islam spread across Middle East, North Africa, and onto the Iberian Peninsula (Spain)
Preservation Muslims preserved Greek and Roman Culture in their libraries
Expulsion Reconquista- effort to drive Muslims and Jews out of Spain in the 1400s Inquisition- Put Muslims and Jews on trial as heretics