Welcome to a Revolution

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• The Road to the Revolution
• What events and individuals influenced the
  colonists to declare independence from Great
  Britain?

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Navigation Acts

• The Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1696 restricted
  American trade in the following ways
• Only British ships could transport imported and
  exported goods from the colonies.
• The only people who were allowed to trade with
  the colonies had to be British citizens.
• Commodities such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton
  wool (which were produced in the colonies) could
  be exported only to British ports.

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French and Indian War

• Britain helped colonists to defeat the French in
  war
• Britain needed money to pay for war expenses
• To raise money, they taxed the colonists,
  restricted where they could build their
  settlements and limited self-government.

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Writs of Assistance

• Legal documents allowing British officers to
  search for smuggled goods without warning
• Created to monitor colonial trading to prevent
  evasion of the Navigation Acts
• Colonists become outraged
• England saw the colonies as a source of incoming
  revenue

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Sugar Act and Stamp Act

• The British taxed colonists on many of the goods
  coming into the colonies from other places

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Sugar Act of 1764

• Stop molasses smuggling between colonies and the
  French West Indies
• Lowered taxes on imported molasses
• Set-up courts where accused smugglers were tried
  by a British judge and NOT a jury

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Stamp Act 1765

• Placed a tax on almost all printed materials
  newspapers, pamphlets, wills, playing cards
• Taxed colonists directly
• Passed by Parliament without colonial vote or
  consent
• Rally Cry No taxation without Representation

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Colonists react Phrase coined by James Otis
believed that if you tax the colonists, they
should be allowed to vote for members of
Parliament
No Taxation Without Representation!
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Patrick Henry

• Vocal patriot advocating colonial rights
• Believed only the colonists had the right to tax
  the colonists
• Gave many speeches stating his views

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Sons of Liberty

• Organized in Boston by Samuel Adams
• Protested by burning effigies
• Raided and destroyed homes of British officials
• Spread propaganda
• Organized boycotts

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Protests

• Effigies - rag dolls representing unpopular tax
  collectors

• Boycotts refusal to buy goods

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RepealThe Funeral of the Stamp Act

• Repeal to get rid of
• British merchants rallied for the repeal of the
  Stamp Act in 1766
• Americans successfully Boycotted British goods
  and materials

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Declaratory Act

• Replaced the repealed Stamp Act
• Allowed parliament the right to tax and to make
  decisions in all cases whatsoever.

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Townshend Acts

• Created in 1767
• Taxed imported goods at the port of entry glass,
  paper, tea, lead and other basic goods

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Daughters of Liberty

• The colonists were outraged by the Townshend Acts
• Colonial women organized groups to support the
  boycott of British goods
• They urged Americans to wear homemade clothing
  and to produce their own goods

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Boston Massacre
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Boston Massacre Facts

• King George III Sent 700 troops to Boston on
  October 1, 1768 set up camp on the town green
• British troops harassed colonists and interfered
  with their daily lives
• March 5, 1770, colonists antagonized soldiers by
  throwing rocks and ice at the Red Coats
• The British responded with 7 shots, and ended up
  killing 5 colonists
• Depicted by Paul Revere as a massacre
• It becomes an effective form of propaganda

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Committee of Correspondence

• Led by Samuel Adams
• Used to circulate colonists grievances against
  the British

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Tea Act of 1773

• Passed by Parliament to keep the British East
  India Tea Company in business
• Allowed the tea company to ship its surplus tea
  to the colonies without paying taxes
• Colonists were angered an boycotted the tea

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Boston Tea Party

• December 16, 1773
• British governor in Boston ordered the tea from
  the ships to be unloaded
• Sons of Liberty disguised as Mohawk Indians
  boarded the ships at midnight
• Threw 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor

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King George III passes theIntolerable Acts

• Official name Coercive Acts
• Created to punish Massachusetts for the Boston
  Tea Party
• Closed the Boston Harbor until the colonists paid
  for damaged tea
• Prohibited town meetings
• Forced colonists to quarter the British
  soldiers.
• The King assigned British General Gage to be
  Massachusetts governor.

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Intolerable Acts

• Purpose Punish colonists for Tea Party
• Result Helped to unify colonists

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First Continental Congress

• Group of prominent colonial leaders
• Met September 1774
• Samuel Adams, John Adams, John Jay, George
  Washington, Patrick Henry more
• Drafted a statement of grievances
• Called for the repeal of the 13 Acts of
  Parliament
• Voted to boycott all British goods and trade
• Passed a resolution to form a militia in all
  colonies
• Meet again in 7 months
• Willing to uphold colonial rights

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Conflict at Lexington and Concord
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Battles of Lexington and Concord

• First military engagements of the Revolution
• April 19, 1775
• Known as the shot heard round the world

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Second Continental Congress
Representatives brought money to help establish
the Continental Army (i.e. pay soldiers, buy
guns, bullets, food, and uniforms
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Second Continental Congress

• May 10, 1775
• Also present Ben Franklin, John Hancock, Thomas
  Jefferson
• Congress began to govern the colonies
• Authorized the printing of money
• Set up Post Office with Franklin in charge
• Created committees to communicate with Native
  Americans
• Created the Continental Army with Washington in
  charge
• Sent the Olive Branch Petition

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Olive Branch Petition

• One last chance to avoid war by protecting the
  colonists rights
• King refused to read it
• Sent 30,000 paid Hessian soldiers instead

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Common Sense

• Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine
• Using plain language, it urged for complete
  independence from Great Britain three points
• All men, not just land owners, have right to vote
• Kings ruling by will of God is ridiculous and all
  monarchies are corrupt
• The new nation can survive on its own and not be
  economically tied to England

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The Declaration of Independence

• July 4, 1776
• Written by Thomas Jefferson
• Signed 1st by John Hancock
• Two major ideas
• Every person has natural and unalienable rights
• the government cannot take away life liberty,
• and the pursuit of happiness
• If a government disregards these rights the
  people
• have the right to abolish that government by
  force if
• necessary and form a new government
• Contains 4 major sections
• Preamble or introduction
• Listed rights colonists should have
• Listed grievances against the British
• Proclaims the existence of a new country