The World: 600 -1450

1
The World 600 -1450

• Expanding Communities
• Movement
• People, Goods, Ideas and Animals

2
GLOBAL PROCESS TRENDS TO 1450

• Migration (Vikings, Turks, Aztecs, Mongols, Arab)
• Spread of disease
• Belief systems (introducing Islam!)
• New Technologies and commerce
• Idea of ownership
• People, church state (Crusades, conflict)
• Growth of individual (Magna Carta Renaissance)

3
Demographic and Environmental Changes

• Migration of Agricultural Peoples
• Bantu migrations
• Europeans to Eastern and Central Europe
• Consequences of Disease
• For ex. Black Plague 1348
• Growth and Role of Cities
• Urbanization
• How much of this demonstrates continuity?
• Pop. Growth Agricultural Revolution
  Urbanization
• Pop. Growth and expansion virgin soils Empire

4
Inter-regional networks and Contacts

• Mediterranean trade circuit
• Silk Routes
• Indian Ocean
• Trans-Saharan Trade
• Trans-American circuits

• Religious connections missionaries,
  inter-religious contact
• Impact of Mongols

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Mediterranean Circuits
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Silk Routes
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Indian Ocean
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Trans-Saharan Trade
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Trans-American trade
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Religious Connections
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China Internal/External Expansion

• Sui Dynasty
• Tang Dynasty
• Technological innovations compass, paper,
  gunpowder etc.
• Influence on Japan
• Footbinding, Neo-Confucianism
• Song Dynasty
• All the makings of an industrial revolution
• Early Ming
• Zheng He voyages, eunochs and nomadic threats

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Sub-Saharan Africa

• West African kingdoms Ghana, Mali
• East African city states Axum, Kilwa
• Southern Africa Great Zimbabwe
• Contacts with Islamic World, Indian Ocean world,
  and within Africa
• Role of Trade, Education and Religion

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Impact of Mongols Blessing or a Curse
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MONGOL SPREAD

• East Asia (not Japan or SE Asia)
• Middle East (Persia)
• Russia
• IMPACT
• Conquest
• Trade
• Tech. Transfer

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MONGOL SPREAD? (SE ASIA)

• Kublai Khans fleet of 1000 Mongol ships hit by a
  typhoon and then refused permission to land in
  Champa (Vietnam). They changed direction, but
  their sick fleet and surprise attack turned them
  in another direction. Monsoons finally convinced
  them to retreat entirely.

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Islamic World Dar al-Islam

• Expanding cultural, economic and political
  influence
• Al-Andalus/ Islamic Spain
• North and West Africa
• Indian Ocean East Africa, India, SE Asia
• Technological accomplishments astrolabe,
  algebra, philosophy, cartography

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Al-Andalus
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Islamic World Comparisons

• Compare Islam to Christianity
• Compare Islamic contacts with Europe and with
  Africa
• Crusades- points of view compared
• Compare gender changes
• Compare support/ patronage of arts and sciences

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Europe

• Break in eastern and Western Christendom
  political significance?
• Religious schisms compared
• Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholicism
• Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism
• Sunni/ Shiite in Islam

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Europe Restructureof Institutions

• Religion
• Papacy, Crusades, architecture
• and education
• Development of Feudalism
• Comparison of feudalism in Europe and Japan
• Increasing importance of monarchy over church

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Amer-Indian World

• Migrations over the Bering Strait at least 10,000
  years ago.
• North Cahokia South Hohokam
• MesoAmerica- Olmecs, Maya, Toltec/Aztec
• South America Nazca, Moche, (Inca)

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AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS

• Aztec (Tenochtitlan/Tlatelolco, territorial
  conquest, chinampas, simple tech., sacrifice
• Mayan (Teotihuacan, pyramids and 3-levels of
  Cosmos, calendar, math, simple technology
• Inca (clan and ayllu, mita system for labor,
  roads, bridges, huge empire w. strong military,
  Cuzco city with hostages, khipu

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MIDDLE EAST

• Eastern Orthodox Christianity spreads
• Byzantine and Sasanid Empires
• ISLAM
• Spread of Islam
• Caliphates
• Trade Southernization Indian Ocean Trade
• Fairly peaceful

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EASTERN ASIA

• Sui (Grand Canal), Tang (Buddhism, loss of silk
  monopoly, inventions) Song (civil service exam
  back, Tech., pop, flying money, credit)
• YUAN Mongols
• Khubilai Khan, technology transfer, exchange of
  ideas and goods, Silk Road open, tax farming
• MING GOLDEN AGE Zheng He, junks
• Concepts
• Spread of Buddhism silk road
• Korea, Japan and Vietnam adapt ideas from Chinese
  culture, begin to develop their own

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EUROPE

• Fall of Rome Feudalism/Dark Ages/Middle Ages
• Catholic Church Pope monasticism
• Christian Europe concerned about Islam crusades
• Pope vs. King as Europe moves out of Middle
  Ages, King becomes more powerful (investiture
  controversy)
• Black Plaguebrought from Mongol fighters in
  Italy benefits???....leads to RENAISSANCE

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RUSSIA

• BEFORE Kievian society and Orthodox
• MONGOLS (1200) Golden Horde
• Took the resources, devastates Kiev
• tax farming
• Alexander Nevskii saves Moscow
• Moscow becomes center
• Women in Mongol society?

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AFRICA

• Islam introduced into Africa trade/peaceGreat
  Zimbabwe, Swahili, Kilwa SOUTHERNIZATION and
  trade
• Ethiopia stays Christian
• Mali Empire and Mansa Musa
• Timbuktu
• Travellers Ibn Battuta

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INDIA

• Only violent Islam conquerers in India
• DELHI SULTANATE
• Violent, destroyed Hindu temples, people
• Raziya (women)
• Compare women to Buddhist Empress in China of Wu
  Zhao during Tang
• Trading cities of Calicut, Malabar Coast
• Dhow

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CHANGES IN EUROPE 1450

• Renaissance
• Printing Press
• Fall of Constantinople Ottoman
• New art/architecture
• Explorers (Dias, da Gama, Columbus)
• New World (Cortes, Pizzaro
• Spain/Portugal Treaty of Tordesillas

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Questions we will focus on

• Was there a world economic network?
• How did gender roles change?
• How can material culture and urban history help
  us to understand early societies?
• Examples of continuity? Change?
• Think about patterns and trends demographics,
  social, technological

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IDEAS TO CONSIDER

• What is southernization? How did it change
  trade from the classical period and who were the
  important players on the scene?
• How did southernization lead to westernization
  and what are the significant differences between
  them?

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PEOPLE TO KNOW

• Vladimir I
• Ghengis Khan
• Ogodei
• Khubilai
• Ibn Battata
• Alexander Nevskii
• Zheng He
• Rashid al-Din