Conclusion

1
Conclusion

• White Billings
• Kirszner Mandell
• PowerPointed by William Fricke

2
The Purpose is not to
The Purpose is to

• Encapsulate all those points of evidence, leaving
  readers with a renewed sense of the arguments
  validity.
• Reinforce your thesis and your purpose

• Introduce new evidence

3
Length

• Depends on the scope of the paper
• 2-3 pages is one paragraph (4-5 sentences)

4
Three things to do at the end

• Reflect back
• Return to image/analogy/ anecdote used in the
  intro to frame the essay
• Restate the thesis to underscore the argument
• Summarize the main points if the argument is
  complex or longer than 6 pages

• Broaden Scope
• Forecast the future if your main points come true
• Point out the implications of the ideas presented
• Exhort your readers into action

• Reinforce emotional involvement
• Introduce or reintroduce in a different way to
  appropriate rational, ethical, emotional appeals
• Aim for conciseness. Less is more. Make it
  memorable. Its your last words.

5
Do not end by

• Repeating the exact words of your thesis and
  listing your main points
• They read your paper, respect that
• Using an empty general phrase
• Clichés are trite
• Introducing new points or striking off in new
  directions
• Conclusions are meant for reinforcement
• Using unnecessary announcements
• In conclusion All in all In the end