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Biomes

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Biomes Freshwater Ecosystem Animal Life Flagellates Diatoms Leeches River rats, Muskrats, Otters and Minks Sunfish and Bass Salmon and Perch Catfish species Turtle ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Biomes


1
Biomes
2
Introduction
  • A group of land ecosystems with similar climates
    and organisms is called a biome.
  • It is mostly climate conditions in an area that
    determine its biome.
  • We are going to talk about 7 land biomes and 3
    aquatic biomes.

3
Climograph
  • graph
  • shows a biomes monthly temperature and
    precipitation data in a single year

4
Abiotic Factors
Physical or NONLIVING component of an ecosystem
Rocks, Sand, Cliffs
Snow, Rain, Hail
Wind
Sun, Heat, Cold
5
Biotic Factors
  • Living Parts of an ecosystem
  • Plants
  • Animals
  • Bacteria

6
Rain Forest Biomes
  • Known for their abundance of
  • Rain
  • Plant life
  • Animal life
  • The climate (warm with plenty of rain) provides a
    great environment for plants.
  • The more plants there are the more animals that
    can be supported.

7
Temperate Rain Forest
  • Found along the northwestern coast of the United
    States and New Zealand.
  • Twilight was set in a Temperate Rain Forest.
  • Has more moderate temperatures that change
    throughout the year.
  • Between 200-350 cm of precipitation.
  • Further from the equator than tropical rain
    forests.

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Tropical Rain Forest
  • Typically found near the equator between the
    Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
  • The temperature range is between 20 and 25
    degrees Celsius. ( 68- 77 degrees Fahrenheit)
  • Receive an average of 200 - 1,000 cm of
    precipitation each year

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Tropical Rain Forest
  • The abundant plant life provides habitats for
    many species of animals.
  • Millions of species of animals live here
  • Insects are a major food source
  • Probably contain more species of plants and
    animals than all the other biomes combined.

14
Tropical Rain Forest
  • The tall tress in a tropical rainforest form a
    leafy roof called the canopy.
  • Under the canopy is a second layer of shorter
    trees and vines that form an understory.
  • The forest floor is nearly dark so only a few
    plants live there.

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Campa Pita, Belize Precipitation
17
Campa Pita, Belize Temperature
                                                  
                                                  
                                               
           
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Desert
  • Typically found between 25o and 40o latitude
  • Deserts are characterized by very dry climates.
  • They have a wide yearly temperature range. From
    -4 38 degrees Celsius. (24-100 F)
  • Receive less than 25 cm of rain each year.
  • The amount of evaporation is greater than the
    amount of precipitation

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Desert
  • Organisms must adapt to the lack of rain and
    extreme temperatures.
  • Stem of the saguaro cactus stores water
  • Gila monsters can spend weeks at a time in their
    cool underground burrows
  • Many other animals are most active at night

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El-Oasr el-Akhdar, Egypt Precip
24
El-Oasr el-Akhdar, Egypt Temp
                                                  
                                                  
                                               
           
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Grassland
  • Grasslands also known as prairie, pampas,
    steppes, and veldt, are areas that receive more
    rain than the desert but not enough to support
    trees.
  • Found on the interiors of continents between 30
    and 50 degrees north and south latitude
  • Average temperatures are between -20 and 30
    degrees Celsius (-4 and 86 F)
  • Receive 50-90 cm of rain each year
  • They have very rich soil
  • Home to many of the largest animals on Earth.

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Grasslands
29
Grasslands
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Savanna
  • Grasslands that are closer to the equator
  • Warm temperatures with wet and dry seasons
  • Temperatures range between -16 and 34 degrees
    Celsius (3-94 degrees F)
  • Average precipitation is between 50-130 cm
  • Since there is more precipitation some trees can
    be found here

32
Savanna
33
Savanna
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Ingeniera White, Argentina Temp
                                                  
                                                  
                                               
           
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Ingeniera White, Argentina Precip
37
Temperate Deciduous Forest
  • Where We Live!
  • Named for Deciduous trees that are found there
  • Trees that shed their leaves and grow new ones
    each year
  • Located between 30 and 50 degrees N and S Lat
  • Temperatures range from -30 30 degrees Celsius
    (-22 86 degrees F)
  • Average precipitation is between 75-150 cm

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Staunton, Virginia Temperature
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Staunton, Virginia Precipitation
                                                  
                                                  
                                               
           
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
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Boreal/Taiga or Coniferous Forest
  • Known for its Coniferous trees
  • Fir, Spruce, and Hemlock
  • Further north than Deciduous Biome
  • Between 50 and 60 degrees latitude
  • Very cold wintersaverage temp between -40 and 20
    degrees Celsius (-40 and 68 F)
  • Average precipitation between 30-90 cm

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Boreal Forest / Taiga
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Beaverlodge, Alberta, Canada
                                                  
                                                  
                                               
           
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Beaverlodge, Alberta, Canada
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Tundra
  • Extremely cold and dry biome
  • Located between 55-70 degrees lat
  • Average temperature range between -40 and 18
    degrees Celsius (-40 and 64 F)
  • Average precipitation less than 25 cm
  • Very few plants
  • Mosses
  • Dwarf trees
  • Layer of permanently frozen soilPermafrost

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Tundra
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Yakutsk, Russia Precipitation
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Yakutsk, Russia Temperature
                                                  
                                                  
                                               
           
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Mountain and Ice
  • Not a true biome
  • As you move from the bottom to the top, you would
    pass through a series of biomes.
  • Animals with adaptations to ice
  • Penguins, polar bears, and seals

58
Mountain
  • 8 47 3.5 39 -1.5 29 -6 21

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Mountain Biome
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Freshwater Ecosystem
  • Types of freshwater ecosystems
  • Streams
  • Rivers
  • Ponds
  • Lakes
  • Bodies of water with high oxygen levels and less
    than 1 salt
  • Streams and Rivers have running water
  • Ponds and Lakes have standing water

65
Freshwater Ecosystem
  • Plants include
  • Algae
  • Cattails
  • Swamp frond
  • Lilly pads
  • Grasses

66
Freshwater Ecosystem
  • Animal Life
  • Flagellates
  • Diatoms
  • Leeches
  • River rats, Muskrats, Otters and Minks
  • Sunfish and Bass
  • Salmon and Perch
  • Catfish species
  • Turtle speices

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Marine Ecosystem
  • This includes the oceans, seas, and estuaries
  • Ecosystems that exist in salt water.
  • Oceans are divided into 4 different zones

69
Marine Ecosystems
  • Intertidal zonebetween the highest and lowest
    tide
  • Neritic zonebelow the low-tide line and out over
    the continental shelf
  • Surface zoneon the surface of the open ocean
  • Deep zonebelow the surface of the open ocean

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Intertidal Zone
  • Difficult to live here
  • pounding waves
  • sudden changes in temperature
  • covered with water and then exposed to air

72
Neritic Zone
  • Rich with life
  • Many large schools of fish feed there
  • Coral reefs may form here
  • Where did Nemo live?

73
Deep Zone
  • Throughout much of the deep zone it is completely
    dark
  • Some animals in the deep zone glow in the dark
  • Some use for
  • camouflage or
  • identification and
  • attraction
  • Anglerfish uses
  • its glow as a lure

74
Food Webs in the Ocean
  • Algae form the basis of almost all open-ocean
    food webs
  • Phytoplankton are also producers

75
Estuary
  • A type of Marine ecosystem
  • Where fresh river water and salty ocean water
    meet
  • Algae and plants such as marsh grasses provide
    food and shelter for numerous animals.
  • Crabs, worms, clams, and fish
  • Many animals use the calm waters of estuaries for
    breeding grounds

76
Location Temp Precipitation Plant Life Animal Life
Tropical Rainforest near the equator Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn 20-25 C 68-77 F 200 - 1,000 cm Bamboo Coconut trees Strangler fig Tualang tree Kapok tree Tiger, Bats Chimps, Sloth, Eagles, Monkeys, Toucan, many insects
Rainforest Northwestern US New Zealand moderate temps Change throughout the year 200-350cm Moss Ferns Redwoods Cedar Trees Wolves Bear, Raccoon Insects Birds, Deer
Desert Between 25 and 40 N and S latitude Rain shadow of mountains -4 38C 24-100 F Less than 25 cm a year Cactus Brittle Bush Creosote Bush Joshua Tree Soaptree Yucca Gila Monster Cactus Wren Coyote Kangaroo Rat Desert Tortoise
77
Location Temp Precipitation Plant Life Animal Life
Grassland interiors of continents 30 and 45 north and south latitude -20 - 30 C -4 - 86F 50-90 cm Grasses Milkweed Purple Coneflower Stinging Nettle Bald Eagle Badger Bobcat Bumble Bee Coyote Prairie Dog Swift Fox
Savannah Closer to equator -16 34 C 50-130 cm Grasses and trees Lions, elephant, baboon, antelope zebra
Temperate Deciduous Forest Where we live! Between 30 and 45 north and south latitude -30 30C -22-86 F 75-150 cm Deciduous treesoak, beech, birch, maple, walnut, ferns, moss Raccoons, Deer, squirrels, opossum, black bear
78
Location Temp Precipitation Plant Life Animal Life
Taiga / Boreal Forest Between 45 and 60 North latitude -40 - 20 C -40 - 68F 30-90 cm Coniferous trees Fir Spruce Hemlock Pine Spruce Bobcat Canadian Lynx Gray Wolf Grizzly Bear Owl Red Fox River Otter Snowshoe Rabbit Wolverine
Tundra 55 to 70 North latitude Permafrost -40 18C -40 64 F Less than 25 cm No trees, small bushes, moss Arctic Fox Caribou Grizzly Bear Musk Ox Polar Bear Snowy Owl
79
Types/Location Characteristics Plant Life Animal Life
Fresh water Lakes Ponds have standing water Rivers Streams have running water Bodies of water with high oxygen levels and less than 1 salt Algae Cattails Swamp frond Lilly pads Grasses Leeches River rats, Muskrats, Otters and Mink Fish turtles
Marine oceans, seas, and estuaries Ecosystems that exist in salt water Sea grasses algae Phytoplankton Plankton Fish sharks
Estuary Deltas Along coastlines Where fresh river water and salty ocean water meet Algae Marsh grass Crabs, worms, clams, and fish
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