Title: Biomes
1Biomes
2Introduction
- A group of land ecosystems with similar climates
and organisms is called a biome. - It is mostly climate conditions in an area that
determine its biome. - We are going to talk about 7 land biomes and 3
aquatic biomes.
3Climograph
- graph
- shows a biomes monthly temperature and
precipitation data in a single year
4Abiotic Factors
Physical or NONLIVING component of an ecosystem
Rocks, Sand, Cliffs
Snow, Rain, Hail
Wind
Sun, Heat, Cold
5Biotic Factors
- Living Parts of an ecosystem
- Plants
- Animals
- Bacteria
6Rain Forest Biomes
- Known for their abundance of
- Rain
- Plant life
- Animal life
- The climate (warm with plenty of rain) provides a
great environment for plants. - The more plants there are the more animals that
can be supported.
7Temperate Rain Forest
- Found along the northwestern coast of the United
States and New Zealand. - Twilight was set in a Temperate Rain Forest.
- Has more moderate temperatures that change
throughout the year. - Between 200-350 cm of precipitation.
- Further from the equator than tropical rain
forests.
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11Tropical Rain Forest
- Typically found near the equator between the
Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn - The temperature range is between 20 and 25
degrees Celsius. ( 68- 77 degrees Fahrenheit) - Receive an average of 200 - 1,000 cm of
precipitation each year
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13Tropical Rain Forest
- The abundant plant life provides habitats for
many species of animals. - Millions of species of animals live here
- Insects are a major food source
- Probably contain more species of plants and
animals than all the other biomes combined.
14Tropical Rain Forest
- The tall tress in a tropical rainforest form a
leafy roof called the canopy. - Under the canopy is a second layer of shorter
trees and vines that form an understory. - The forest floor is nearly dark so only a few
plants live there.
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16Campa Pita, Belize Precipitation
17Campa Pita, Belize Temperature
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20Desert
- Typically found between 25o and 40o latitude
- Deserts are characterized by very dry climates.
- They have a wide yearly temperature range. From
-4 38 degrees Celsius. (24-100 F) - Receive less than 25 cm of rain each year.
- The amount of evaporation is greater than the
amount of precipitation
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22Desert
- Organisms must adapt to the lack of rain and
extreme temperatures. - Stem of the saguaro cactus stores water
- Gila monsters can spend weeks at a time in their
cool underground burrows - Many other animals are most active at night
23El-Oasr el-Akhdar, Egypt Precip
24El-Oasr el-Akhdar, Egypt Temp
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27Grassland
- Grasslands also known as prairie, pampas,
steppes, and veldt, are areas that receive more
rain than the desert but not enough to support
trees. - Found on the interiors of continents between 30
and 50 degrees north and south latitude - Average temperatures are between -20 and 30
degrees Celsius (-4 and 86 F) - Receive 50-90 cm of rain each year
- They have very rich soil
- Home to many of the largest animals on Earth.
28Grasslands
29Grasslands
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31Savanna
- Grasslands that are closer to the equator
- Warm temperatures with wet and dry seasons
- Temperatures range between -16 and 34 degrees
Celsius (3-94 degrees F) - Average precipitation is between 50-130 cm
- Since there is more precipitation some trees can
be found here
32Savanna
33Savanna
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35Ingeniera White, Argentina Temp
36Ingeniera White, Argentina Precip
37Temperate Deciduous Forest
- Where We Live!
- Named for Deciduous trees that are found there
- Trees that shed their leaves and grow new ones
each year - Located between 30 and 50 degrees N and S Lat
- Temperatures range from -30 30 degrees Celsius
(-22 86 degrees F) - Average precipitation is between 75-150 cm
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39Staunton, Virginia Temperature
40Staunton, Virginia Precipitation
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42Temperate Deciduous Forest
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45Boreal/Taiga or Coniferous Forest
- Known for its Coniferous trees
- Fir, Spruce, and Hemlock
- Further north than Deciduous Biome
- Between 50 and 60 degrees latitude
- Very cold wintersaverage temp between -40 and 20
degrees Celsius (-40 and 68 F) - Average precipitation between 30-90 cm
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47Boreal Forest / Taiga
48Beaverlodge, Alberta, Canada
49Beaverlodge, Alberta, Canada
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51Tundra
- Extremely cold and dry biome
- Located between 55-70 degrees lat
- Average temperature range between -40 and 18
degrees Celsius (-40 and 64 F) - Average precipitation less than 25 cm
- Very few plants
- Mosses
- Dwarf trees
- Layer of permanently frozen soilPermafrost
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53Tundra
54Yakutsk, Russia Precipitation
55Yakutsk, Russia Temperature
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57Mountain and Ice
- Not a true biome
- As you move from the bottom to the top, you would
pass through a series of biomes. - Animals with adaptations to ice
- Penguins, polar bears, and seals
58Mountain
- 8 47 3.5 39 -1.5 29 -6 21
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60Mountain Biome
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64Freshwater Ecosystem
- Types of freshwater ecosystems
- Streams
- Rivers
- Ponds
- Lakes
- Bodies of water with high oxygen levels and less
than 1 salt - Streams and Rivers have running water
- Ponds and Lakes have standing water
65Freshwater Ecosystem
- Plants include
- Algae
- Cattails
- Swamp frond
- Lilly pads
- Grasses
66Freshwater Ecosystem
- Animal Life
- Flagellates
- Diatoms
- Leeches
- River rats, Muskrats, Otters and Minks
- Sunfish and Bass
- Salmon and Perch
- Catfish species
- Turtle speices
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68Marine Ecosystem
- This includes the oceans, seas, and estuaries
- Ecosystems that exist in salt water.
- Oceans are divided into 4 different zones
69Marine Ecosystems
- Intertidal zonebetween the highest and lowest
tide - Neritic zonebelow the low-tide line and out over
the continental shelf - Surface zoneon the surface of the open ocean
- Deep zonebelow the surface of the open ocean
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71Intertidal Zone
- Difficult to live here
- pounding waves
- sudden changes in temperature
- covered with water and then exposed to air
72Neritic Zone
- Rich with life
- Many large schools of fish feed there
- Coral reefs may form here
- Where did Nemo live?
73Deep Zone
- Throughout much of the deep zone it is completely
dark - Some animals in the deep zone glow in the dark
- Some use for
- camouflage or
- identification and
- attraction
- Anglerfish uses
- its glow as a lure
74Food Webs in the Ocean
- Algae form the basis of almost all open-ocean
food webs - Phytoplankton are also producers
75Estuary
- A type of Marine ecosystem
- Where fresh river water and salty ocean water
meet - Algae and plants such as marsh grasses provide
food and shelter for numerous animals. - Crabs, worms, clams, and fish
- Many animals use the calm waters of estuaries for
breeding grounds
76Location Temp Precipitation Plant Life Animal Life
Tropical Rainforest near the equator Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn 20-25 C 68-77 F 200 - 1,000 cm Bamboo Coconut trees Strangler fig Tualang tree Kapok tree Tiger, Bats Chimps, Sloth, Eagles, Monkeys, Toucan, many insects
Rainforest Northwestern US New Zealand moderate temps Change throughout the year 200-350cm Moss Ferns Redwoods Cedar Trees Wolves Bear, Raccoon Insects Birds, Deer
Desert Between 25 and 40 N and S latitude Rain shadow of mountains -4 38C 24-100 F Less than 25 cm a year Cactus Brittle Bush Creosote Bush Joshua Tree Soaptree Yucca Gila Monster Cactus Wren Coyote Kangaroo Rat Desert Tortoise
77Location Temp Precipitation Plant Life Animal Life
Grassland interiors of continents 30 and 45 north and south latitude -20 - 30 C -4 - 86F 50-90 cm Grasses Milkweed Purple Coneflower Stinging Nettle Bald Eagle Badger Bobcat Bumble Bee Coyote Prairie Dog Swift Fox
Savannah Closer to equator -16 34 C 50-130 cm Grasses and trees Lions, elephant, baboon, antelope zebra
Temperate Deciduous Forest Where we live! Between 30 and 45 north and south latitude -30 30C -22-86 F 75-150 cm Deciduous treesoak, beech, birch, maple, walnut, ferns, moss Raccoons, Deer, squirrels, opossum, black bear
78Location Temp Precipitation Plant Life Animal Life
Taiga / Boreal Forest Between 45 and 60 North latitude -40 - 20 C -40 - 68F 30-90 cm Coniferous trees Fir Spruce Hemlock Pine Spruce Bobcat Canadian Lynx Gray Wolf Grizzly Bear Owl Red Fox River Otter Snowshoe Rabbit Wolverine
Tundra 55 to 70 North latitude Permafrost -40 18C -40 64 F Less than 25 cm No trees, small bushes, moss Arctic Fox Caribou Grizzly Bear Musk Ox Polar Bear Snowy Owl
79Types/Location Characteristics Plant Life Animal Life
Fresh water Lakes Ponds have standing water Rivers Streams have running water Bodies of water with high oxygen levels and less than 1 salt Algae Cattails Swamp frond Lilly pads Grasses Leeches River rats, Muskrats, Otters and Mink Fish turtles
Marine oceans, seas, and estuaries Ecosystems that exist in salt water Sea grasses algae Phytoplankton Plankton Fish sharks
Estuary Deltas Along coastlines Where fresh river water and salty ocean water meet Algae Marsh grass Crabs, worms, clams, and fish