Minerals Chapter 3

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MineralsChapter 3
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What is a Mineral?

• It is a solid
• Has a crystalline structure
• It is inorganic
• Formed in nature
• Has a definite chemical composition

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Elements

• Elements are pure substances that cannot be
  broken down by chemical means
• 115 known elements

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Atom

• Smallest part of an element
• Building block of all matter
• All materials are made up of 1 or more elements

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Compounds

• Substance made up of two or more elements that
  have chemically combined or bonded together
• Example Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
• 1 atom of Na, 1 atom of Cl
• Table salt

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Crystalline Structure

• Solid geometric forms of minerals that contain a
  repeating pattern of atoms

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Types of Minerals

• Silicates
• Contains combination of Silicon (Si) and Oxygen
  (O)
• Nonsilicates
• Can contain Silicon or Oxygen but not both
  together

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Silicates

• Make up 96 of the minerals in the Earths crust
• Contain Silicon and Oxygen as well as other
  elements
• Example Feldspar
• Si, O, Al, K, Na and Ca

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Nonsilicates

• Native Elements
• Composed of only one element
• Carbonates
• Carbon and Oxygen
• Calcite CaCO3
• Halides
• Fluorine, chlorine, iodine or bromine combine
  with Sodium, potassium or calcium

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Nonsilicates

• Oxides
• Any element plus oxygen
• Magnetite FeO
• Sulfates
• Sulfur plus Oxygen
• Sulfides
• One or more elements except Oxygen plus Sulfur