Object Oriented Programming

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4
UML??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????
2
UML??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????

• ?"? ?? ??????

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UML Unified Modeling Language

• Language ??? (??????)
• Modeling ????? ?????? ?? ????? - ??? ?? ??
  ?????
• Unified ??????. ????? ????? ??????? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ?????, ????? ??????-?????, ??????
  ????? ????.

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• ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????.

??? ????? ???
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• ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????.

????? ???? ???? ?????
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• ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????.

class Car public int GetNumber ()
return Number private int Number )
Car
Number integer
???? ?????UML????
7
???? ???????

• ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????.

Car
Number integer
???? ????UML????
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UML ????? ?????

• ???? UML ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????
  ??????.

class Car public int GetNumber ()
return Number private int Number
)
Car
Number integer
????
??????
?????
9
?????? ????? ?????

• ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????.

class Car public int GetNumber ()
return Number private int Number
)
??????
?????
10
UML ????

• UML ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????
• ?- UML ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????
• ?????
• ?????? "???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????.
  ??????? ??????, ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????
  ????"
• UML ??? ??? ??????.

120
????
??? ????
11
??????? ?? ??????? ?
.

• ?? ????? ?????? ?
• ????? ? "???? ???? ?????"
• ???? ?????? ? "?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????"
• ??????? ? "?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????"
• ?????? ???? ? "?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????"
• ??? ???? ? "?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????
  ????? ???"

?? UML
???
????
?? UML
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UML ??? ??????

• ?- UML ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???????
  ??? ?????? ????.
• ??? ????? PASCAL ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????
  ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? UML.
• ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????

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?????? ????? ?????? ?????

• ?- 1986 ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????
  THERAC-25 ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??
  ?????, ?? ??? ??????, ?????? ????? ?????.
• ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?- 1991 ????
  ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????, ??? ????
  ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? 678 ???
  ?????? ????? ????? ??????.29 ??? ????? ?- 97
  ????? ?????? ???? ??????.

14
?????? ????? ?????? ?????

• ?- 1999 ??? ???? ??? ?? NASA ?????? ?????? ????
  ???? ?????? ?????
• Mars Climate Orbiter ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
  ????? ?? 170 ?"? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????
  ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????
• Mars Polar Lander ???? ??? ????? ???????. ?????
  ???? ??? ??? ????.

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Ariane 5

• 4 ????? 1996 ????? ?????? ?? ???? Ariane 5 .
• 40 ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? 3700 ???, ???? ???
  ???????, ????? ???????.
• ????? ???? ??? 10 ???? ???? 8 ??????? ????.
• ???? ?????, ??? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ??????? ????.

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????? ????????? ?????? ???

• ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????, ????
  ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????.
• ???? ????? ?????? bh(Horizontal Bias) ?????
  ??????? ??????? ?? ????, ???? ??? ???? ??????
  ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???.

double d_bh short s_bh sense_horizontal_velocity
(d_bh) s_bh d_bh // OPERAND ERROR
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UML ??? ??????

• ????????? UML ???? ????? ??????, ?????? ??????
  ???? ???? ????? ????? !
• "????? ??????" ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????,
  ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????.
• Rhapsody, ??? ?????? ????? I-Logix ???? ?????
  ??? ?- UML ??? ???? ????? ??????.
• ???? ?????? ??????? ??????

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?????? ?- UML

• Class diagrams
• ???? ?????? ???????
• State diagrams
• ????? ??????? ??????
• Sequence diagrams
• ??? ??????? ????
• ????

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UML Class Diagram
??????
????
4
???
1
????
1

• ?????? ?????? ?-4 ??????, ??? ?????

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UML Class Diagram

• "??? ????" ?"????? ?????" ?? ????? ?? ???????

??????
??? ????
????? ?????
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UML State Diagram
??????
go()
?????
?????
stop()

• ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????.
  ?????? go() ?- stop() ?????? ??????? ?? ???????
  ???? ????.

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UML Sequence Diagram

• ??? ??????? ?????? ??????
• ????
• ????? ?????
• ????? ??????
• ????

Car
go()
releaseBreak()
driver
engageGear()
accelerate()
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????? ?- UML ?????? ?????

• ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????
• ????? ???? ?? ??????
• ????? ????

class Car public int GetNumber ()
return Number private int Number
)
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?????
25
????? ??????

• ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? "????"
  (Cohesion) ?? ???????? ?? ???????.
• ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??
  ???.
• ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? "????".
• ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??
  ?? ??????, ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????
  ?? ????? ?????.
• ???? ???????? ???????? ?- UML ???? ?????? ??
  ??????? "?????"

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????? "????"
Car

• ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????.

OwnerName string IsurancePremium float
PayInsurance(sum float) ChangeOwner (name
string)
. . .
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?????? "?????"

• ??? ????? ????? ????.

1
0..1
InsurancePolicy
Car
YearlyPremium float
Number Integer
. . .
InsurancePolicy(CarNumber) PayInsurance (sum
float)
. . .
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?????? ??????
????? ???? ?? ??????

• ????? ?? ??????

??????
????? ?????
???
?????
?????

• ????? ?????? ??? ?????? UML ??????? ????? ????
  ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????

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?????? ??????
????? ???? ?? ??????

• ????? ?? ??????

??????
????? ?????
???
?????
?????

• ????? ?????? ??? ?????? UML ??????? ????? ????
  ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????

30
?????? ??????
?????
?????

• ????? ?????? ??? ?????? UML ??????? ????? ????
  ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????

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?????

• UML ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????.
• UML ??? ???????.
• ?- UML ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????.
• ?- UML ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????????, ?????-
  class diagram ????? ?????? ??????? ??????.
• UML ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????
  ????? ?????.

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