Mexico

1
Mexico

• Native Americans and the Spanish Conquest
• Native peoples Maya, Aztecs, Incas
• Spanish conquestHernando Cortés lands
• on Mexican coast in 1519
• - Tenochtitlán Aztec capital
• - conquest is complete by 1521
• Gold and Silver make it an important colony
• 1821 Mexican
• Independence

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Francisco Madero, Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata
lead revolution -1917 constitution gives half of
farmland to peasants Institutional
Revolutionary Party (PRI)new political party in
1929 - brings stability, but were corrupt
National Action Partys Vicente Fox becomes
president in 2000, Mexico becomes more democratic

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• The Aztecs and the Spanish
• Cortes and Spanish destroy capital, build Mexico
  City on ruins
• Spanish bring own language, religion
• - large mestizo populationmixed Spanish, Native
  American heritage
• An Architectural Heritage
• Native Americans built pyramid temples, palaces
  
• Spanish built missions, huge cathedrals

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Economics Cities and Factories

• Employment and Education
• A growing population and poor government
  decisions have created job shortages
• Many Mexicans emigrate to US for Work, but have
  a hard time getting good-paying jobs.

• Many families live with extended family
  including aunts, uncles, grandparents, etc. to
  help the family economically survive.

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5
Central America

• Mayan
• Cities were ruled by god-kings
• Trade religion center of cities
• - unknown why Maya abandoned many cities in
  900s.

• The Spanish
• Spain ruled until mid-1800s, then Mexico ruled
  Central America
• Central American countries declared independence
  from Mexico in 1923

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Caribbean
In 1492 Columbus thought hed reached East
Indies Spanish established sugar plantations,
used natives as forced labor - disease,
mistreatment kill many natives - Spanish bring
in African slaves
Independence Haiti independence from France in
1804 1898 Spanish-American War gives Cuba
independence from Spain in 1902 Jamaica,
Trinidad and Tobago dont become independent from
Britain until 1962
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• Culture of Central America
• Blends Native American and Spanish
• Culture of the Caribbean
• Blends European African and Native American
  cultures
• Religion
• Religions include Catholic, Protestant
• - Voodoo practiced on Haiti
• Rastafarianism based in Jamaica
• Language
• Spanish spoken in Cuba (11 mil)
• Dominican Republic (8.5 mil)
• French spoken in Haiti (6 mil)
• English in Jamaica (3 mil)

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Economics
Colonialism left laborers poor while planters
got rich Caribbeans produce sugar, citrus,
coffee, spices Central Americas produce
coffee, bananas Panama Canal connects Atlantic,
Pacific Oceans and is an important crossroads of
world-trade
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Popular Culture, Tourism, and Jobs
steel drum calypso reggae music deals with
social, religious issues Population growth
means high unemployment Tourism is important
provides jobs
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Spanish-Speaking South America
Inca Incacivilization built in the Andes
The Spanish Conquest Pizarro conquers Incas for
Spain wants Incan gold, silver Forces
natives to work mines, farms many abused,
worked to death - moves Inca to plantations,
disrupting families, communities
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Independence Movements 1800s - Simón Bolívar and
José de San Martín helped liberate South America
Differing political ideas keeps countries from
unifying Government Instability changes
from oligarchy, democracy, military rule and
dictator Cartel - Drug organizations that bring
billions of dollars of illegal drugs into the
United States Economy Wide variety of products
due to land, climate, vegetation Education
In Chile all children ages 613 attend
school free public education
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Brazil
Treaty of Tordesillas -1494 gives Portugal
control of Brazil No gold, silver, colonists
clear forests for sugar plantations - Natives
killed, Africans brought in to work Independence
Brazil is a colony of Portugal from 1500 to
1822 - Napoleon invades Portugal in
1807 - Portuguese royal court moves to Brazil
Brazil seeks independence after Napoleons
defeat in 1815 - Brazilians ask Dom Pedro, son
of Portugals king, to rule - Dom Pedro agrees,
declares independence in September 1822
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A National Culture
The People of Brazil Today 200,000 native
peoples remain in Amazon rain forest
Language - Portuguese Religion - Catholic
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Economy
Industry Driven by an abundance of natural
resources - Hydroelectric power fuels industry
Migration to the Cities Vast gap between rich
poor poor seek jobs in cities -1960, 22
lived in cities 1995, 75 lived in cities 80
live within 200 miles of ocean
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15
Carnivalcolorful feast day in Brazil
Caribbean - features music of the
sambaBrazilian dance with African influences

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