60 Prominent Americans

1
60 Prominent Americans

• PROMINENT standing out so as to be seen easily
  conspicuous particularly noticeable

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William Penn Colonization

• Received a large swath of land from Charles II of
  England during Aristocratic LAND GRAB of late
  1600s in America
• Controls modern day Pennsylvania Delaware
• Becomes a QUAKER seeks religious toleration
• Yeoman farmers from New England and Dutch and
  German settlers join him
• Sought peace with Native Americans

3
George III Colonization

• King of England during the American Revolution
• Wanted colonists to be taxed to pay for their own
  defense in order to pay for protection after
  French Indian War
• Declaration of Independence asserts grievances
  against him

4
Paul Revere Revolution

• Patriot Propagandists silversmith engraved
  Boston Massacre
• Warned the Minutemen in Massachusetts that the
  British were coming
• Effectively gets the British troops to retreat at
  Lexington and Concord

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John Paul Jones Revolution

• Scotsman during Revolution began tradition of
  American Navy
• In its infancy he led SMALL American ship
  challenging huge Great British fleet
• Father of the American Navy

7
John Hancock Revolution

• Wealthy merchant
• Inspired mobs to rebel against colonial
  governments and tax collectors
• Becomes a Patriot leader, signs declaration big
  enough for the King to read it without his
  glasses

8
Daniel Boone Revolution/Expansion

• Land hungry colonist settled WEST of Appalachian
  Mountains
• Proclamation of 1763 passed by Parliament
  PROHIBITS settlement West of App.Mtns. In attempt
  to buy time negotiating with Native Americans
• Proclamation infuriates settlers, suppression of
  rights

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DANIEL SHAYS First Steps of a New Nation

• Shays Rebellion mid 1780s, US struggling with
  war debt, farmers, small business owners
• Congress used taxes to raise revenue sounds all
  to familiar to Shays
• Encourages all of the above to arm themselves in
  opposition to new US govt
• Massachusetts passes the RIOT ACT to limit
  assembly
• PROVES THAT THE FRUITS OF INDEPENDENCE WERE NOT
  EQUALLY DISTRIBUTED

10
Gouverneur Morris First Steps of a New Nation

• Gouverneur of New York, FEDERALIST
• Defended property Rights/Conservative Beliefs
  REJCTED SLAVERY
• Represents the ANTI-SLAVERY faction of the
  Framers of the Constitution
• 3/5 Compromise appeases him to a degree

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Francis Scott Key First Steps of a New Nation

• Wrote the STAR SPANGLED BANNER during the War of
  1812, Second War for American Independence

12
John Jay First Steps of a New Nation

• Wrote a few FEDERALIST PAPERS balance of powers
• 1790s GB ships still harassing American ships,
  blocking American goods from France, French goods
  on American ships seized he goes to GB and
  comes back with JAYS TREATY
• Jays Treaty US will pay back Pre-Rev war debt,
  US will surrender French goods on Am. Ships in
  return GB will leave the NW TERRITORY and
  abandon treaties with Native Americans there
  Washington and Hamilton come off pro-GB

13
Aaron Burr First Steps of a New Nation

• Runs for VP with Jefferson as President but ties
  him for Presidentleads Hamilton to endorse TJ
  despite hatred (AH hates AB MORE!), House decides
  in favor of TJ
• Burr fears usurpation of Federalists in North,
  organizes a Northern Secession gets caught
• Challenges Hamilton to a duel, kills Hamilton
  (accidentally)
• Grandson of Jonathon Edwards Spiritual leader
  of First Great Awakening in US

14
Roger B. Taney First Steps of a New Nation

• Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court, appointed
  by Jackson
• Primarily responsible for the DRED SCOTT DECISION
• Sides with States Rights more often than Federal
  Government

15
Lewis and Clark First Steps of a New Nation
Westward Movement

• Explore the Louisiana Purchase
• Clark an Army officer
• Lewis was Jeffersons personal secretary
• Traveled up Missouri River from St. Louis across
  Rocky Mountains, down Columbia River (outside
  LAP) to Pacific Ocean
• 2 years of details land maps and cultural
  information of peoples

16
Tecumseh First Steps of a New Nation Westward
Movement

• Shawnee War Chief, US took issue with GB arming
  Native Americans in Ohio River Valley and taking
  American ships on Atlantic Ocean violation of
  Treaty of Paris
• Tecumseh takes NATIVIST approach to US, War Hawks
  in US Congress press for war in 1811, support
  Gov. of Ill (WH Harrison) in burning Shawnee
  religious village of Tippecanoe
• Pushes NA support for GB in War of 1812

17
Stephen Austin Westward Movement

• Independence of Texas
• Stephen Austin leads settlers to Texas in 1840s
  and convinces Mexican government to allow them to
  settle and BRING SLAVES to the Mexican Territory
• Ran for President of Texas against Sam Houston
  lost by a landslide

18
Davy Crockett Westward Movement

• Texas Revolution
• Dies at the Alamo when Santa Anna vows to END the
  Texas Rebellion
• Anna believes the Alamo ends the rebellion, but
  NY and NO newspapers report otherwise spurring
  further war

19
Sitting Bull Movement Westward

• 1876 led Sioux and Cheyenne warriors at Little
  Big Horn against Custer
• Resists the Reservation system

20
George Custer Movement West

• 1860s during the implementation of the
  RESERVATION SYSTEM, Native American tribes were
  fighting confinement (Nez Perce, Sitting Bull)
• Leads US Armys attempts to halt insurrections of
  NA leads Buffalo Soldiers
• Sitting Bull leads Sioux and Cheyenne against
  Custer at Little Big Horn Custer loses, dies
  Custers Last Stand

21
Brigham Young Movement Westward

• Mormon leader led Mormons to Utah 1850s
• Mormons had been oppressed in the East for
  challenging American institutions like marriage
• Becomes Governor of Utah asks for statehood
  (Mormon state)
• President Buchanan Young spark Utah War or
  Mormon War Mormons very skeptical of Federal
  Government
• A very interesting history

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Theodore Weld Sectionalism

• Works with William Lloyd Garrison in the American
  Anti-Slavery Society
• 3 prong approach to attack slavery
• Appeal to religion
• Help fugitives on Underground Railroad
• Appeal to state and fed govt to end INTERSTATE
  TRADE of slaves

23
Nat Turner Sectionalism

• South Hampton County, Virginia, stages bloody
  slave revolt in 1831
• Starts debate in Virginia about eventual end to
  slavery
• Southern planters refuse to consider and end

24
Daniel Webster Sectionalism

• Whig secured passage of 5 laws called the
  Compromise of 1850 hold Union together for 10
  years
• Federal involvement in returning Fugitive slaves
• California is a free state
• New Mexico gains territory from Texas
• Ends slave TRADE in DC
• Give popular sovereignty to New Mexico and Utah
  for slavery

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Robert Hayne Sectionalism

• Webster-Hayne Debate
• Supports SLAVERY
• Rallied against New England States for being
  disloyal in War of 1812 (Harford Convention)
• Outlines SOUTHERN GRIEVENCES largest being the
  TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS

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Frederick Douglass Sectionalism

• Black Political Abolitionist
• Endorsed FREE SOIL PARTY (1848 and 1852
  presidential elections) opposing slavery in new
  territories
• Argued that slavery was a t threat to REBULICAN
  LIBETIES

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William Lloyd Garrison Sectionalism

• Abolitionist, published The Liberator
• Helped create the Anti-Slavery Society
• Demanded support for womens rights

28
Stephen Douglas Sectionalism

• Democratic Senator for Illinois wanted
  expansion of S. US border past the Rio Grande
  after Mex-Am War
• Wanted to extinguish Native American land claims
• Helped write the Kansas Nebraska Act repealing
  the Missouri Compromise
• Debate Lincoln on slavery argued that the
  Federal government should recognize white
  supremacy

29
Harriet B. Stowe Sectionalism

• Wrote Uncle Toms Cabin
• The Little book that started the Big war
• Preached the moral failings of slavery
• Magnifies Northern opposition to slavery

30
Jefferson Davis Civil War

• Democrat from Mississippi
• Didnt want succession, just wanted IRON CLAD
  protection of slavery
• Becomes President of the Confederacy in 1860
• Has a difficult time managing the War among
  states who believed they were more powerful than
  the national government

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Robert E. Lee Civil War

• Confederate Army General
• Encountered McClellan at Antietam
• Leads at Gettysburg
• Attacks ONLY when he has the advantage
• Loses Richmond, Confederate capital

32
Sam Tilden Civil War/Reconstruction

• Election of 1876 runs against Republican Hayes as
  a Democratic governor of New York
• Favors HOME RULE in Southern States for
  Reconstruction
• Wins Popular Vote vote is in question because
  of occupied Reconstruction states, Florida, SC,
  LA.
• Behind closed doors Hayes makes deal to take
  the Presidency and REMOVE TROOPS from South
  ending Reconstruction

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Clara Barton Civil War

• Nurse during the Civil War
• Finds the Red Cross
• At the wars end, woman was at least 50 years in
  advance of the normal position which continued
  peace would have assigned her.

34
Matthew Perry Imperialism

• 1854 goes to Japan with battleships to negotiate
  trade with Japan
• US opens door with Japan
• Allows American ships to fuel in Japan

35
William Seward Imperialism

• Republican, Anti-slavery politician
• Secretary of State under Lincoln
• Sewards Folly purchases Alaska, advocates
  acquiring the islands of Hawaii and Panama

36
John Hay Imperialism

• 1890s US Secretary of State
• Feared that the US was going to be cut out of
  Asian Markets by Japan, Russia, Germany, France
  and Great Britain
• Writes the Open Door Policy with China gives
  equal trade opportunities to all countries with
  China (keeps the door open!)

37
Joseph Pulitzer Imperialism

• Newspaperman, St. Louis Dispatch, New York World
• Challenged in NY by William Randolph Hearst (NY
  Journal)
• Get into a war of reporting on Cuban Revolution
  combined with radical Jingoists
• Yellow Journalism results

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Alfred Mahan Imperialism

• Wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
• Shapes the way the US thinks about its role in
  the world
• Advocated building colonies in the Pacific to use
  as fueling stations for a Navy
• Wanted a canal in Central America
• Henry Cabot Lodge and Teddy Roosevelt his ardent
  supporters

39
Frank Lloyd Wright Industrialism

• Architect WAY ahead of his time!
• Created new types of houses around the Chicago
  area
• Totally changes concept of ART!

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Fallingwater, FLW House
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Alexander Graham Bell Rapid Industrialism

• 1876 receives patent for the TELEPHONE
• Sped communication beyond anything previously
  imaginable
• Races Elisha Gray of Bellville, Ohio to patent
  office

42
Marc Hanna Industrialization/Populism

• Election of 1896 helped McKinley beat Bryan
• Cleveland Iron Maker, Republican Party leader
• Began new campaigning techniques tapped the
  Industrial giants to protect their corporate
  interests
• Rails against Free Coinage of Silver that Bryan
  advocated (Cross of Gold Speech)
• Karl Rove of his time

43
Oliver Kelly Populism/Reform Movements/Industrial
ism

• Founder of the National Grange of the Patrons of
  Husbandry to improve the social life of farm
  families on the Great Plains
• Farmers embrace commercial world that comes to
  them, but dont reap benefits
• The GRANGE will help them organize to help
  themselves benefit from Industrialism and fight
  Corporate GREED

44
Eugene Debs Reform

• Americans leading Socialist, helped organize
  American Railway Union (Pullman Strike)
• Committed to Working Class supports Marxist
  thinking, brings Communist thought to common
  people
• Runs for Pres in 1912, takes 6 of vote
• Jailed during WWI for condemning war as one of
  greedy capitalists (Victor Berger)

45
Thomas Nast Reform Movement

• Political cartoonist
• Considered to be Father of the American Cartoon
• His cartoons helped to take down Boss Tweed

46
Robert Lafollette Reform

• Progressive Reformer, breaks the Wisconsin
  Political Machine
• To deny Party Bosses control over who runs for
  political office, he advocates the DIRECT PRIMARY
  (17th amendment)
• Paves the way for Wilson

47
Mary Harris Jones Reform

• Labor and Community Organizer
• Advocates for the Right of Children (Childrens
  Crusade We want to go to school not the mines)
  
• Becomes a Wobblie IWW
• Song Shell be Comin Round the Mountain refers
  to her work in Appalachian Mountain organizing
  Miners

48
John Pershing World War I

• Chasing Pancho Villa during Mexican Revolution
  (Villa was attacking Americans)
• Becomes leading General of AEF
• WWI HERO!

49
Henry Cabot Lodge World War I

• Empire minded Republican Senator, considered a
  War Hawk before the Spanish American War
• DESPISED Article X of Treaty of Versailles
  (League of Nations) tied US to European
  problems
• Was NOT an irreconcilable like Borah, but would
  NOT support Treaty of Versailles if it included
  League

50
Billy Mitchell World War I

• Father of American Air Force
• Predicts that Air Power will replace Sea Power

51
Francis Perkins Great Depression

• Urban Liberal sat on the NY Consumers League
  at the time of the TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FACTORY
  FIRE
• Fist female Cabinet member under FDR Secretary
  of Labor
• Eradicated corruption from her office! (70
  members)

52
George Marshall Cold War

• Secretary of State under Truman
• Advocated that European countries put together a
  recovery plan and then ask US for Aid
• Soviet coup of Czech. Rallies support in Congress
  wins BIPARTISAN support for Marshall plan 1948

53
Joe McCarthy Cold War

• Wisconsin Senator dropped the 1950 bombshell that
  he had 57 names of Communist Party members in the
  US State Department (proved to be false)
• Sparks a witch hunt in the US HUAC
• Army-McCarthy hearings are his downfall
  attempts to accuse the US Army of being
  sympathetic with Communism

54
Neil Armstrong Cold War

• First person on the MOON with Buzz Aldrin!
• One small step for mankind
• Space Race in Cold War
• 1969

55
Ray Kroc Cold War

• Founder of McDonalds in 1954 took over a small
  burger place, grows into an fast food GIANT

56
Booker T. Washington Civil Rights

• 1895 retreats from traditional confrontation
  stance of abolitionist (WEB DuBois) and advocates
  accommodating rather than confronting white
  supremacy
• Known as the Atlantic Compromise, he banked on
  economic progress that would end whites
  dependence on black labor
• Lobbied the Republican Party hard to end Jim Crow
  Laws

57
Elizabeth Cady Stanton Civil Rights

• 1840s Pragmatic demand for Womens Rights
  wanted PROPERTY RIGHTS FOR WOMEN
• 1848 Seneca Falls Convention called upon the
  pulpit press to encourage PROPERTY RIGHTS
• 1851 Suffrage become bedrock issue women needed
  to be in a political position to protect herself

58
Rosa Parks Civil Rights

• December 1, 1955 launches Montgomery Bus Boycott,
  refuses to comply with local segregation
  ordinance, long time NAACP, planned refusal
• Leadership of the movement for Civil Rights turns
  to Montgomery Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.

59
Gloria Steinem Civil Rights

• Modernized the Feminist movement of the 1970s
  Second Wave Feminist
• Journalist and political activist
• Challenges womens role in politics, workforce
  and the home

60
Geraldine Ferraro Civil Rights

• First woman to be in a Presidential Election on
  the ticket of a MAJOR party
• Vice Presidential Candidate with Walter Mondale
  against Ronald Reagan and George H. Bush
• 1984 Election

61
John Lennon Social Upheaval

• English ROCKER! Founding member of the BEATLES!
• Takes America by storm! Teen IDOL
• Becomes a PEACE ACTIVIST AND ARTIST
• Assassinated by Marc David Chapman

62
Alfred Kinsey Social Upheaval

• 1947 founder of the Institute for Research in
  Sex, Gender and Reproduction at Indiana
  University
• Research PROFOUNDLY changes American social and
  cultural views of human sexuality
• (Hippie Culture!)

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