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Splash Screen
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Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction Section 1 Economic
Growth Section 2 Westward Bound Section 3 Unity
and Sectionalism Visual Summary
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Chapter Intro
Economic Growth Essential Question What effects
did the Industrial Revolution have on the U.S.
economy?
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Chapter Intro
Westward Bound Essential Question How did land
and water transportation affect westward
expansion?
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Chapter Intro
Unity and Sectionalism Essential Question How
were nation-building issues resolved in the early
1800s?
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Chapter Time Line
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Chapter Time Line
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Chapter Preview-End
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Section 1-Essential Question
What effects did the Industrial Revolution have
on the U.S. economy?
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Section 1-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• cotton gin
• interchangeable parts
• patent
• factory system

• capitalism
• capital
• free enterprise

Academic Vocabulary

• contribute

• element

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Section 1-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Industrial Revolution
• Eli Whitney

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Section 1-Polling Question
Which type of job appeals to you the most?
A. Factory work B. Farm work C. Office work

1. A
2. B
3. C

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Section 1
The Growth of Industry
New technology changed the way things were made.
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Section 1
The Growth of Industry (cont.)

• The invention of tools and machinery to make the
  production of goods easier and faster led to the
  Industrial Revolution.

• The geography of New England contributed to the
  development of the Industrial Revolution there.

• Farming was difficult with New Englands poor
  soil.

Technology and Industry
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Section 1
The Growth of Industry (cont.)

• There was an abundance of rivers and streams for
  water power.
• Resources such as coal and iron deposits were
  close.
• The area had many ports.

Technology and Industry
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Section 1
The Growth of Industry (cont.)

• In 1793 Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin,
  which quickly and efficiently removed the seeds
  from cotton fiber.
• Whitney used interchangeable parts, which allowed
  for the production of different kinds of goods on
  a large scale.
• In 1790 Congress passed a patent law to protect
  the rights of inventors.

Technology and Industry
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Section 1
The Growth of Industry (cont.)

• Francis Cabot Lowell began the factory system,
  where all manufacturing steps are brought
  together in one place to increase efficiency.
• Under capitalismthe economic system of the
  United Statesindividuals put their capital into
  a business, hoping that the business will be
  successful and make a profit.

Technology and Industry
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Section 1
The Growth of Industry (cont.)

• The major elements of free enterprise are
  competition, profit, private property, and
  economic freedom.

Technology and Industry
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Section 1
Which of the following was a result of the
invention of the cotton gin? A. It encouraged
farmers in the Northeast to begin planting
cotton. B. It led to a dramatic increase in
Southern cotton production. C. It had no impact
on the demand for cotton. D. It encouraged many
plantation owners to free their enslaved
workers.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1
Agriculture Expands
Agriculture expanded and remained the leading
occupation of most Americans in the 1800s.
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Section 1
Agriculture Expands (cont.)

• Farms in the Northeast were small and marketed
  their goods locally.
• Southern plantation owners used enslaved workers
  from Africa to help meet the increased demand for
  cotton.
• Farmers also moved west and focused on raising
  cash crops such as corn and wheat.

Population of the United States, 1820
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Section 1
In which area of the country was cotton the major
crop? A. The North B. The South C. The West

1. A
2. B
3. C

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Section 1
Economic Independence
The growth of factories and trade led to the
development of corporations and cities.
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Section 1
Economic Independence (cont.)

• Large businesses called corporations began to
  develop rapidly in the 1830s when legal obstacles
  to their formation were removed.
• New cities developed along rivers, and older
  cities grew as centers of commerce and trade.
• Fire and disease both posed very real threats in
  these early cities.
• Cities offered more opportunities for jobs and
  leisure activities.

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Section 1
How were corporations financed? A. They received
money from the federal government. B. One
wealthy individual provided all of the
money. C. Shares of ownership called stock were
sold. D. Taxes collected from citizens funded
the corporations.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1-End
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Section 2-Essential Question
How did land and water transportation affect
westward expansion?
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Section 2-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• census
• turnpike

• canal
• lock

Academic Vocabulary

• reveal

• region

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Section 2-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Robert Fulton
• De Witt Clinton

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Section 2-Polling Question
What is your favorite way to travel? A. By
car B. By boat C. By plane

1. A
2. B
3. C

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Section 2
Moving West
Transportation routes such as roads improved as
settlers moved west, and steamboats greatly
improved the transport of goods along rivers.
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Section 2
Moving West (cont.)

• In 1790 the first United States census showed
  that 4 million people lived in the United States,
  mostly east of the Appalachian Mountains.
• The 1820 census revealed that the population of
  the United States had grown to 10 million, and
  nearly 2 million people had moved west of the
  Appalachians.

Western Settlement
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Section 2
Moving West (cont.)

• Many turnpikes were developed to make
  transportation and relocation easier.
• Construction on the National Road, which linked
  western lands to the east coast, began in 1811.
• Barges could carry far larger loads than wagons,
  but river travel had problems.

• Most rivers flowed north to south, not east to
  west.

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Section 2
Moving West (cont.)

• Traveling against the current by barge was
  extremely difficult and slow.

• Developed by Robert Fulton, steamboats that could
  travel against strong river currents ushered in a
  new age in river travel.

Roads Tying the Nation Together
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Section 2
What territory became a state in 1803?
A. Indiana B. Louisiana C. Michigan D. Ohio

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 2
Canals
Business and government officials developed a
plan to build a canal to link the eastern and
western parts of the country.
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Section 2
Canals (cont.)

• De Witt Clinton led a group that developed a plan
  to link New York City with the Great Lakes region
  via a canal across New York State.
• The Erie Canal opened on October 26, 1825.
• A series of locks provided a way to raise and
  lower boats at places canal levels changes.

Canals, 18201860
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Section 2
Canals (cont.)

• By 1850, the United States had more than 3,600
  miles of canals.

Canals, 18201860
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Section 2
Why was the Erie Canal necessary? A. The French
and Spanish prevented travel on the Mississippi
River. B. Steamboats were unable to travel
upstream to northern cities. C. Most major
rivers in the eastern United States flowed
north to south. D. Native Americans prevented
travel on the National Road.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 2
Western Settlement
Americans continued to move westward, settling
near rivers so they could ship their goods to
market.
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Section 2
Western Settlement (cont.)

• Two waves of westward settlement resulted in the
  admission of several new states.

• The first wave began before the 1790s, and
  resulted in the creation of Vermont, Kentucky,
  Tennessee, and Ohio.
• The second wave began between 1816 and 1821, and
  resulted in the creation of Indiana, Illinois,
  Mississippi, Alabama, and Missouri.

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Section 2
Western Settlement (cont.)

• Pioneers tended to settle in communities along
  large rivers so they could ship their crops and
  goods more easily.

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Section 2
Why did pioneer families tend to setting in
communities along major rivers? A. To gain
greater protection from Native Americans B. To
make it easier for them to travel
east C. Because they provided fresh drinking
water D. So that they could more easily ship
their crops to market

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 2-End
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Section 3-Essential Question
How were nation-building issues resolved in the
early 1800s?
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Section 3-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• sectionalism
• state sovereignty
• American System

Academic Vocabulary

• intense
• internal

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Section 3-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Missouri Compromise
• McCulloch v. Maryland
• Gibbons v. Ogden
• Adams-Onís Treaty
• Monroe Doctrine

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Section 3-Polling Question
Rate your agreement with the following statement
I take pride in the region of the country where I
live. A. Strongly agree B. Somewhat
agree C. Somewhat disagree D. Strongly disagree

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3
The Era of Good Feelings
After the War of 1812, a new spirit of
nationalism spread throughout the United States.
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Section 3
The Era of Good Feelings (cont.)

• Republican James Monroe was elected president in
  1816 with almost no opposition.
• The Federalist Party, weakened by doubts of their
  loyalty during the War of 1812, barely existed as
  a national party.
• The time period was known as the Era of Good
  Feelings because political differences among
  citizens seemed to fade.
• Monroe won a second term in 1820 with all but one
  electoral vote.

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Section 3
Which principle of the Federalist Party remained
even after the Party itself dissolved?
A. Support for tariffs to protect
industry B. The abolishment of taxation
altogether C. Support of state sovereignty D. The
dissolution of the national bank

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3
Sectionalism and the American System
Regional differences brought an end to the Era of
Good Feelings.
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Section 3
Sectionalism and the American System (cont.)

• The Era of Good Feeling ended as Americans
  developed an intense allegiance to the region
  they came from, resulting in sectionalism.
• States rights became an issue as North and South
  differed over the institution of slavery, the
  need for tariffs, a national bank, and other
  internal improvements such as canals and roads.

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Section 3
Sectionalism and the American System (cont.)

• Three regional spokespersons emerged in Congress.

• John C. Calhoun of South Carolina emerged as a
  chief supporter state sovereignty and an
  opponent of national programs.
• Daniel Webster of New England supported
  protective tariffs and spoke eloquently against
  sectionalism.

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Section 3
Sectionalism and the American System (cont.)

• Henry Clay from Kentucky was a War Hawk who
  advocated the American System and tried to
  resolve sectional disputes.

• The Missouri Compromise provided for the
  admission of Missouri as a slave state and Maine
  as a free state, preserving the balance between
  North and South.

The Missouri Compromise
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Section 3
Sectionalism and the American System (cont.)

• The Supreme Court strengthened the federal
  governments powers with the case McCulloch v.
  Marylanda dispute over state taxation of the
  National Bank.
• In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court further
  empowered congressional legislation over
  interstate commerce.

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Section 3
Which of these is not part of Henry Clays
American System proposal? A. Protective
tariffs B. The admission of Maine as a free
state C. A program of internal improvements D. A
national bank

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3
Foreign Affairs
The United States defined its role in the
Americas with the Monroe Doctrine.
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Section 3
Foreign Affairs (cont.)

• In the 1817 Rush-Bagot Treaty, the United States
  and Britain agreed to limit the number of naval
  vessels on the Great Lakes and remove weapons
  located along the border of the United States and
  British Canada.
• The Convention of 1818 set the boundary between
  the United States and Canada at the 49th parallel.

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Section 3
Foreign Affairs (cont.)

• With the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819, the United
  States gained East Florida, and Spain also
  abandoned all claims to West Florida.

• By 1824, Spain had lost control of most of its
  territory in South America.

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Section 3
Foreign Affairs (cont.)

• In 1823, the president issued the Monroe
  Doctrine which declared

• The United States would not interfere with any
  existing European colonies in the Americas.
• North and South America were off-limits for any
  future European colonization.

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Section 3
Which of the following was NOT part of the
Missouri Compromise? A. Missouri would be
admitted as a slave state. B. Maine would be
admitted as a free state. C. Florida was
admitted as a slave state. D. Slavery was
banned in a certain portion of the Louisiana
Territory.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3-End
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VS 1
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VS 2
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Figure 1a
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Figure 1b
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Figure 2
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Figure 3
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Figure 4a
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Figure 4b
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Figure 5
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Figure 6
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Vocab1
cotton gin a machine that removed seeds from
cotton fiber
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Vocab2
interchangeable parts uniform pieces that can be
made in large quantities to replace other
identical pieces
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Vocab3
patent a document that gives an inventor the sole
legal right to an invention for a period of time
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Vocab4
factory system system bringing manufacturing
steps together in one place to increase
efficiency
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Vocab5
capitalism an economic system based on private
property and free enterprise
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Vocab6
capital money for investment
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Vocab7
free enterprise the freedom of private businesses
to operate competitively for profit with minimal
government regulation
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Vocab8
contribute help to cause an event or situation
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Vocab9
element one part of a larger whole
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Vocab10
census official count of a population
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Vocab11
turnpike a road that one must pay to use the
money is used to pay for the road
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Vocab12
canal an artificial waterway
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Vocab13
lock in a canal, an enclosure with gates at each
end used in raising or lowering boats as they
pass from level to level
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Vocab14
reveal show something that was hidden
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Vocab15
region an area inside a larger area
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Vocab16
sectionalism loyalty to a region
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Vocab17
state sovereignty the concept that states have
the right to govern themselves independent of the
federal government
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Vocab18
American System policies devised by Henry Clay to
stimulate the growth of industry
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Vocab19
intense exhibiting strong feeling
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Vocab20
internal within a location such as a nation or
state
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