Chapter 25 HIV/AIDS and STIs

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Chapter 25HIV/AIDS and STIs

• Lessons Three and Four
• HIV/AIDS and Treatment
• Pgs 658-667

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AIDS and HIV

• AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome), a
  disease in which the immune system is weakened
• HIV is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and it
  attacks the immune system
• In 2000, AIDS was the fifth leading cause of
  death among adults ages 25-44

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Teens at Risk

• The overall rate of new cases of HIV has fallen
  since 1985, but there has been no decline in the
  number of youth ages 13 to 24 that are diagnosed
• Teens have one of the fastest growing rates of
  HIV infection
• HIV can be prevented by abstaining from sexual
  activity and injecting drugs

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HIV and the Human Body

• HIV invades cells of the immune system. The virus
  takes over the cells and destroys them.
• The immune system is less capable of preventing
  infections and cancer. The individual will suffer
  one illness after another.
• HIV does not necessarily mean a person has AIDS.
  AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV.

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HIV and the Human Body

• HIV causes the body to be susceptible to other
  infections
• Opportunistic infections occur in individuals who
  do not have healthy immune systems
• Cancer often develops as a result of HIV
• Kaposis lesions

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How HIV is Transmitted

• HIV lives inside cells and body fluids. It does
  not survive well in the air or on surfaces such
  as telephones and toilets
• It cannot be transmitted through food
• HIV can only be transmitted by an infected person
  through blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and
  breast milk

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HIV Transmission

• Sexual contact (intercourse and oral sex)
• Needles for drug use. Contaminated needles can
  send HIV directly into the bloodstream.
• A pregnant mother with HIV can pass it to her
  baby through umbilical cord blood and during
  delivery. HIV can also be passed through breast
  milk

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HIV Transmission

• HIV has NOT been shown to be spread through
• Insect bites
• Sweat
• Sneezing
• Casual physical contact like shaking hands and
  hugging

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Stages of HIV

• HIV develops in stages over several years.
• About half of all people with HIV develop
  symptoms about 3 to 6 weeks after becoming
  infected.
• Symptoms include fever, rash, headache, body
  aches, and swollen glands. These symptoms will
  disappear and are often mistaken as a flu

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Asymptomatic Stage

• After the flulike symptoms disappear, a person
  enters the asymptomatic stage. During this stage
  there are no symptoms
• The asymptomatic stage can last anywhere from 6
  months to 10 years
• Even though no symptoms are present, the virus
  continues to grow and the person can infect
  others.

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Symptomatic HIV Infection

• The symptomatic stage is marked when infections
  start to take over.
• Symptoms occur as a result of a severe drop in
  immune cells.
• The symptoms may include swollen glands, weight
  loss, and rashes

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AIDS

• AIDS is the latter stage of the HIV infection.
  The immune system is damaged and there are one or
  more opportunistic infections or illnesses.
• By the time AIDS develops, HIV has often attacked
  brain cells, causing difficulty in thinking and
  remembering
• These illnesses lead to death

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Detecting HIVEIA Test

• EIA Test-a blood test that screens for the
  presence of antibodies The EIA may give
  inaccurate results for two reasons
• 1. The test could come back negative in the early
  stages because the antibodies have not developed
  yet.
• 2. Other health conditions can cause a false
  positive reading.

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Detecting HIVWestern Blot Test

• The Western Blot Test is the most common test for
  HIV used in the U.S.
• If done properly, it is 100 accurate

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Health Services

• Back in the 1980s there were no treatments for
  HIV
• Since then, many medications are used to treat
  HIV and prevent complications
• There is still no cure for HIV/AIDS but treatment
  can extend and improve the quality of life

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Abstinence and HIV/AIDS

• Avoid drug use or the pressure to engage in
  sexual activity Leave parties where things get
  out of control
• Practice refusal skills
• Choose your relationships carefully. Dont date
  people who you know are sexually active. Avoid
  drug users.