Scientific Revolution

1
Scientific Revolution
2
Before the Revolution

• Scholars relied on
  established authorities for
  the truth
• Who were these established authorities??

3
Before the Revolution

• Established
  authorities
  included
• The Bible
• Catholic Church
• Ancient Greeks/Romans (like Aristotle Ptolemy)

4
Pre-Revolution Alchemists

• Early scientists who used spells
  magic formulas

5
Pre-Revolution Astrologers

• Studied the position of the stars planets, as
  well as the way in which the positions of these
  bodies affected peoples lives
• Contributed to the body of information regarding
  the cosmos

6
New Beliefs Emerge
7
New Beliefs Emerge

• Principle of Doubt
• Nothing can be believed unless it
  has be proven through experimentation
• New instruments
• Barometer, microscope, thermometer

8
Pre-Revolution Geocentricity

• Earth as the center of the universe
• Planets sun
  rotate around earth
• Idea from Aristotle/Ptolemy

9
Pre-Revolution Geocentricity

• According to Church doctrine, God created the
  universe to serve his people
  therefore, the
  peoples home
  must be the center
  of the universe

10
Nicolaus Copernicus

• Polish astronomer
• Wrote On the
  Revolution of
• Heavenly Spheres

11
New Theory Heliocentricity

• Sun as the center of the universe
  Heliocentric Theory!
• Planets rotate
  around it

12
Nicolaus Copernicus

• Stated that Earth rotated on
  an axis revolved
  around the sun
• Fearing persecution, Copernicus did not publish
  his findings until 1543, the last year of his
  life (he received a copy of his book on his
  deathbed!)

13
Johannes Kepler

• German
  Astronomer Mathematician

14
Johannes Kepler

• Stated that the
  planets move in an
  oval-shaped path (ellipses)
• Used mathematics to prove the heliocentric theory

15
Galileo Galilee

• Italian Mathematician
• Copernican theory
• Wrote Dialogue on Two Great
  World Systems

16
Galileo Galilee

• Established the universal laws of physics
  the law of
  inertia (body
  in motion
  stays in
  motion)

17
Galileos Observations

• Built a new telescope observed
• Sun Spots
• Earth rotates on its axis
• Rings on Saturn
• Moons of Jupiter

18
Galileos Observations

• Mountains
  valleys of the moon
• Rate at which objects fall
  (32 feet per sec)
  minus the friction of air

19
Galileo Galilee

• Stood trial for heresy why?
• Due to the Inquisition Galileo was threatened
  with torture and was forced
  to recant his
  scientific
  position

20
Galileo Galilee

• With sincere heart and unpretended faith I
  abjure, curse, and detest the aforesaid errors
  and heresies of Copernicus and also every other
  errorcontrary to the Holy Church, and I swear
  that in the future I will never again say or
  assertanything that might cause a similar
  suspicion toward me.
• He lived under house arrest until he died (blind)
  in 1642
• In 1992, the Catholic Church officially
  acknowledged that Galileo had been right

21
(No Transcript)
22
Sir Isaac Newton

• English Scientist
• Discovered the law of universal gravitation
• Developed calculus

23
Sir Isaac Newton

• Wrote Mathematic
  Principles of
  Natural Science
• Precise mathematical formulas could describe an
  orderly universe

24
Conclusions

• The Scientific Revolution
• Created an atmosphere of skepticism
• Emphasized the importance of using the Scientific
  Method
• Impacted law, study of history, chronology
  eventually philosophy