Biological Control Principles

1
Biological Control Principles
2
Natural Control
3
Biological ControlDefinition

• The use of living organisms to suppress the
  population of a specific pest organism, making it
  less abundant or less damaging than it would
  otherwise be
• (Eilenberg et al., 2001)

4
Biological Control
5
Predators

• Feed on all stages of prey
• Predators kill more than one individual
• Not highly specialized
• Chewing and sucking predators
• More than half are Coleoptera

6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
Parasitoids

• Endo and Ecto parasitoids
• Parasitoid larvae are the ones feeding
• Solitary or gregarious
• Multiple parasitism
• Superparasitism
• Egg, larval, pupal and adult parasitoids

15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
Parasitoids can alter host behavior
21
Parasitoids can alter host behavior
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
Bio-control is Diverse!
25
Pathogens

• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Viruses
• Nematodes
• Protozoa

26
Pathogens

• Survive longer in the field but have low
  virulence
• Biological alternative to chemical insecticides

27
Bacteria
Out of all, Bacillus thurigiensis is the most used

• 1921 reported in Japan.
• 1940s Commercial prep. Available in France
• 39 of biopesticides
• Lep, Dip and Colep strains

Crystals containing poison
28
Viruses

• Out of 6 groups only 3 are safe
• -Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV)
• -Granulosis visus (GV)
• -Citoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus (CPV)
• Family Specific
• Need to be ingested

29
Fungi

• Can penetrate cuticle

30
Nematodes

• Three important families
• - Steinenermatidae
• - Heterorhabditidae
• - Mermithidae
• Useful for soil and bark insects

31
Bio-control is Diverse!
32
Biological Control is not always applicable
Eradication Programs
33
Biological control is an old practice
34
The three methods of Bio-control

• Classical Biological control
• Augmentation
• - Inoculation
• - Inundation
• Conservation Bio-control

35
(No Transcript)