History of the Middle East

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History of the Middle East
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Ottoman Empire

• At one time the Muslim Ottoman Empire was six
  times the size of Texas.
• Before WW1 it had already lost big chunks of its
  empire

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Ottoman Empire

• The Ottoman Empire was on the losing side of WW1,
  Britain and France divided up the land.
• France took control of Lebanon Syria, the
  British took control of Palestine, Saudi Arabia,
  Iraq, Jordan.
• The problems created by this land division are
  still present in the Middle East.

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• Britain and France did this to make money off of
  the oil in the Middle East. Shia and Sunni
  Muslims were grouped together and created Iraq.
• The Kurds are not given their own country, but
  are divided into Turkey, Iraq, and Iran.

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Why do we need oil?

• Paints
• Coatings
• Pipes
• Hoses
• Wire Coating
• Coolant
• Antifreeze
• Films
• Packaging
• Bottles

• Heat Electricity
• Adhesives
• Solvents
• Corrosion inhibitors
• Textiles
• Inks
• Adhesives
• Shampoos
• Detergents
• Soaps

• Tire and Rubber
• Lubricant Additives
• Solvent
• Industrial Cleaners
• Paint Remover
• Plastics

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Israel

• Part of the conflict is over religious
  differences
• May 14, 1948-Jewish Leaders declare the
  independent State of Israel
• May 15, 1948 Arab countries attack Israel
• Middle Eastern countries do not recognize it is a
  country and isolate them.
• Egypt is the first country to sign a peace treaty

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Iran

• 1979 Muslims overthrow the government of Iran and
  try to remove western influences
• Strict laws are put into place based on the Koran

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Persian Gulf War Iraq Kuwait

• 1990 Iraq invades Kuwait. Saddam Hussein wants
  to control their oil and have access to water.

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Persian Gulf War Iraq Kuwait

• 1991 U.S. attacks Iraq Operation Desert Storm
  Iraq burns oil fields, claim to have weapons of
  mass destruction
• Embargo placed on Iraq until they destroy
  weapons. 1991 UN destroys known weapons.

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Iraq Again

• 2003 - Iraq is still suspected of having weapons.
  US Britain invade Iraq
• Government falls quickly, Saddam Hussein is
  sentenced to death.

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Iraq Again

• New constitution is written. A group of locals
  are angry and attack US troops
• Continuing problems roadside bombs,
  unemployment, civilian deaths, fighting between
  Sunni and Shia
• 2005 Election held for new leader

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Afghanistan and September 11th

• 9/11/2001 World Trade center pentagon attacked.
  The Taliban were hiding Osama Bin Laden. Nov 2001
  US enters Afghanistan to take Taliban out of
  power.

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Afghanistan and September 11th

• Taliban is defeated and new government is created
• Bin Laden moves to Pakistan and attacks US
  troops. He is killed in May 2011
• Osama Bin Laden Leader of Al-Qaeda. (extreme
  Muslim terrorist group)
• Taliban group of radical Muslims