Spanish American War

1
Spanish American War
2
Overview

• Causes
• Leaders
• Timeline-Events
• Maps
• Cartoons
• Evaluation

3
Causes of Spanish American War

• Imperialism
• Social Darwinism
• Yellow Journalism
• Militarism
• Industrial Revolution
• World Power (land)

4
Imperialism

• The policy of extending a nation's authority by
  territorial acquisition or by the establishment
  of economic and political control over other
  nations

5
Social Darwinism

• The application of Darwinism to the study of
  human society, specifically a theory in sociology
  that individuals or groups achieve advantage over
  others as the result of genetic or biological
  superiority.

6
Yellow Journalism

• Journalism that exploits, distorts, or
  exaggerates the news to create sensations and
  attract readers.

7
Militarism

• 1.Glorification of the ideals of a professional
  military class
• 2. A policy in which military preparedness is of
  primary importance to a state

8
Industrial Revolution

• The complex of radical socioeconomic changes,
  such as the ones that took place in England in
  the late 18th century, that are brought about
  when extensive mechanization of production
  systems results in a shift from home-based hand
  manufacturing to large-scale factory production

9
World Power

• Need for new markets to sell goods
• More land to get raw materials
• Keep up with European Powers
• Goals of leadership

10
Remember the Maine To Hell with Spain

• At 940pm on February 15, 1898, the battleship
  U.S.S. Maine exploded in Havana Harbor
• 268 men were killed, shocking the American
  population
• What or who caused this explosion?

11
Waiting for the Facts

• Who is waiting?
• Why should we wait for the facts?
• Why might the United States want to go to war?
• What positive effects or outcomes could come from
  a war with Spain?

12
Leaders

• William McKinley
• Theodore Roosevelt
• George Dewey
• William Randolph Hearst
• General Weyler The Butcher
• Emilio Aguinaldo

13
William McKinley, Jr. (1843-1901)

• 25th President
• Wanted to avoid war in Cuba
• Yellow journalism and public supported war
• In April 1898, President McKinley abandoned his
  failed diplomatic efforts and asked Congress for
  permission to intervene in Cuba.

14
Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the
Navy.

• I should welcome almost any war, for I think
  this country needs one
• First Volunteer Cavalry, nicknamed the "Rough
  Riders.

15
Commodore George Dewey

• May 1, 1899 Commodore Dewey and his Asiatic
  Squadron defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay
• During and after the war, George Dewey became
  one of the war's most celebrated heroes

16
William Randolph Hearst

• Newspaper publisher and leading example of yellow
  journalism
• New York Journal started a public hysteria for
  war with Spain by publishing incendiary articles
  and illustrations
• Hearst once said "You provide the pictures and
  I'll provide the war."

17
General Weyler The Butcher

• In 1896, the Spanish sent "The Butcher," to Cuba
  
• To prevent the insurrectos
• Weyler built concentration camps in which he
  imprisoned a large portion of the population
• Under the harsh and unsanitary conditions in the
  concentration camps,
• Cuban prisoners died rapidly, especially from
  disease

18
Emilio Aguinaldo

• The Philippines' revolutionary leader
• Fought first against Spanish imperialism
• After the end of the Spanish- American War,
  fought against American

19
Events-Timeline

• 1895 Cuban nationalists revolt against Spanish
  rule
• 1896 Spanish General Weyler (the "Butcher")
  comes to Cuba.
• 1897 Spain recalls Weyler
• Early 1898 USS Maine sent to Cuba
• February 9, 1898 Hearst publishes Dupuy du
  Lome's letter insulting McKinley.

20
Sensational Journalism or Yellow
JournalismActivity

• Screaming newspaper headlines about the situation
  in Cuba in the 1890s helped fan the flames of war
  by influencing public opinion in the United
  States.

21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
Spanish Politeness

• Who is holding the knife?
• Name the ship
• Is this an example of Yellow Journalism?

25
Events-Timeline

• February 15, 1898 Sinking of the USS Maine
• February 25, 1898 Assistant Secretary of the
  Navy Theodore Roosevelt cables Commodore Dewey
  with plan attack the Philippines if war with
  Spain breaks out
• April 11, 1898 McKinley approves war with Spain
• April 24, 1898 Spain declares war on the US
• April 25, 1898 US declares war on Spain

26

• Who is McKinley holding?
• Who is being attacked?
• What is the message to the public in 1898?

27
July 1, 1898 San Juan Hill taken by "Rough
Riders"

28
Events-Timeline

• May 1, 1898 Battle of Manila Bay (Philippines)
• May, 1898 July 1, 1898 San Juan Hill taken by
  "Rough Riders"
• July 3, 1898 Battle of Santiago - Spain's
  Caribbean fleet destroyed.
• July 7, 1898 Hawaii annexed
• July 17, 1898 City of Santiago surrenders to
  General William Shafter
• August 12, 1898 Spain signs armistice
• August 13, 1898 US troops capture Manila

29
Events-Timeline

• December 10, 1898 Treaty of Paris signed - US
  annexes Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines.
• January 23, 1899 Philippines declares itself an
  independent republic - Led by Emilio Auginaldo,
  the self-declared Filipino government fights a
  guerilla war against the US that lasts longer
  than the Spanish-American War itself.
• February 6, 1899 the Treaty of Paris passes in
  the Senate
• 1900 Foraker Act - Some self-government allowed
  in Puerto Rico.

30
Events-Timeline

• March 1901 Emilio Auginaldo captured.
• 1901 Platt Amendment-Cuban government could not
  enter any foreign agreement, allows two naval
  bases in Cuba and U.S can intervene when
  necessary
• 1902 US withdraws from Cuba
• 1917 Puerto Ricans given US citizenship

31
(No Transcript)
32
The Spanish-American War (1898)That Splendid
Little War
33
Dewey Captures Manila!
34
Is He To Be a Despot?
35
William H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the
Philippines
Great administrator.
36
Our Sphere of Influence
37
The Treaty of Paris 1898

• Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.
• Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island ofGuam.
• The U. S. paid Spain20 mil. for
  thePhilippines.
• The U. S. becomesan imperial power!

38
The American Anti-Imperialist
League

• Founded in 1899.
• Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, WilliamJames, and
  WilliamJennings Bryan amongthe leaders.
• Campaigned against the annexation of
  thePhilippines and otheracts of imperialism.

39
Cuban Independence?

• Teller Amendment (1898)
• Platt Amendment (1903)
• Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with
  foreign powers that would endanger its
  independence.
• The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if
  necessary to maintain an efficient, independent
  govt.
• Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for
  naval and coaling station.
• Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.

Senator Orville Platt
40
(No Transcript)
41
Quiz-Questions 1-3

1. Who am I?
2. What was my role in the Spanish American War?
3. What was the nickname of my voluntary Calvary?

42
Quiz-Questions 4-6

• 4. What role did Yellow Journalism play in the
  war?
• 5. What ship blew up that sparked the war?
• 6. Who was the President during the Spanish
  American War?

43
Question 7

• 7. What hill is being taken by T.R and the Rough
  Riders?

44
Question 8

• 8. Who am I?
• Hint the Admiral in Philippians

45
(No Transcript)
46
Journal Entries

• Do you think there is any such thing as a
  "splendid little war"? What other wars might some
  people remember as "splendid little" ones? Who
  might think these wars were not so splendid? Who
  usually suffers most in a war? Who has to bear
  the long-term effects of a war?
• What responsibilities does the press have in
  terms of how it reports news stories? What are
  the short-term benefits of exaggerating or
  fabricating stories to make exciting headlines?
  What might be some long-term benefits of adhering
  to the truth?

47
Work Cited

• Timeline- Sparknotes http//www.sparknotes.com/his
  tory/american/spanishamerican/
• Other Web Sites- PBS Movie web site
  http//www.pbs.org/crucible/
• Small Planets http//www.smplanet.com/imperialism/
  teacher.htmlOutline
• Pictures http//www.google.com/imghp?hlentabwi
  ieUTF-8oeUTF-8q
• Majority of PPt. http//wars.mrdonn.org/powerpoint
  s/spanish-american.html