Canada

1
Canada
Designed by Myzina Marina Form 10A Center of
Education ?1428 2008
2
?ontents

• Introduction
• Theoretical part
• Geography and state system
• History
• Climate
• Economy
• Language
• Education
• Religion
• Museums and Libraries
• Practical part
• Questions for the discussion
• Conclusion

3
Geography and state system

• Canada is a country occupying most of the
  continent of North America extending from the
  Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean
  in the west. It is the largest country after
  Russia and the largest country in the Western
  Hemisphere . It is the worlds second largest
  country by total area,and shares land borders
  with the United States to the south and
  northwest. Canada has ten provinces and three
  territories, Canada is a parliamentary democracy
  and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen
  Elizabeth II as its head of state. It is a
  bilingual and multicultural country, with both
  English and French as official languages at the
  federal level.

4
History

• Native people had lived in what is now Canada for
  thousands of years before the first Europeans
  arrived. They are known as the First Nations and
  the Inuit people. First europeans arrived when
  the Vikings settled briefly at L'Anse aux Meadows
  around AD 1000. Canada's Atlantic coast would
  next be explored by John Cabot in 1497 for
  England and Jacques Cartier in 1534 for France.
  French explorer Samuel de Champlain arrived in
  1603 and established the first permanent European
  settlements at Port Royal in 1605 and Quebec City
  in 1608. Parts of Canada were settled by France,
  and parts by England and Scotland. The French
  usually had permission from the native people to
  live in their country. On July 1, 1867, Canada
  became an independent country. It included the
  provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and
  Nova Scotia.

5
Climate

• Many people from other parts of the world think
  of Canada as a very cold and snowy place. And
  Most Canadians live in the southern parts, where
  the weather is much milder. Average winter and
  summer high temperatures across Canada vary
  depending on the location. Winters can be harsh
  in many regions of the country, particularly in
  the interior and Prairie provinces which
  experience a continental climate, where daily
  average temperatures are near -15 C but can
  drop below -40 C (-40 F) with severe wind
  chills. In non-coastal regions, snow can cover
  the ground almost six months of the year (more in
  the north). Coastal British Columbia is an
  exception and enjoys a temperate climate with a
  mild and rainy winter.

6
Economy

• Canada is one of the world's wealthiest nations,
  with a high per-capita income, and is a member of
  the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
  Development (OECD) and the G8. It is one of the
  world's top 10 trading nations. Canada is a mixed
  market. Since the early 1990s, the Canadian
  economy has been growing rapidly with low
  unemployment and large government surpluses on
  the federal level. Today this contry closely
  resembles the U.S. in its market-oriented
  economic system, pattern of production, and high
  living standards. Canada is one of the few
  developed nations that are net exporters of
  energy. Canada is one of the world's most
  important suppliers of agricultural products,
  with the Canadian Prairies one of the most
  important suppliers of wheat, canola and other
  grains. Canada is the world's largest producer of
  zinc and uranium and a world leader in many other
  natural resources such as gold, nickel,
  aluminium, and lead.

7
Language

• Canada's two official languages are English and
  French. English and French have equal status in
  federal courts, Parliament, and in all federal
  institutions. The public has the right, where
  there is sufficient demand, to receive federal
  government services in either English or French,
  and official language minorities are guaranteed
  their own schools in all provinces and
  territories. English and French are the mother
  tongues of 59.7 and 23.2 of the population
  respectively.
• Some significant non-official first languages
  include Chinese (853,745 first-language
  speakers), Italian (469,485), German (438,080),
  and Punjabi (271,220).

Although 85 of French-speaking Canadians live in
Quebec.
8
Education

• The educational system in Canada is derived from
  the British and American traditions and the
  French tradition, the latter particularly in the
  province of Quebec. English or French is the
  language of instruction, and some schools provide
  instruction in both official languages. In
  Quebec, the French-Canadian tradition is followed
  by the Roman Catholic schools. The province also
  maintains Protestant schools, however, which are
  widely attended. Although Canada does not have a
  central ministry of education, the federal
  government provides schools for children of
  Native Americans on reserves, inmates of federal
  penitentiaries, and the children of military
  personnel.

9
Religion

• The largest religious community in Canada is
  Roman Catholic. Nearly half of Canadians who are
  Roman Catholic live in Quebec. Of the Protestant
  denominations in Canada the largest is the United
  Church of Canada, followed by the Anglican Church
  of Canada. Other important Protestant groups are
  the Baptist, Presbyterian, Lutheran, and
  Pentecostal. Nearly 2 percent of the population
  are Eastern Orthodox, and Muslim and Jewish
  adherents each number about 1 percent.
  Immigration in recent years has brought a
  substantial number of Buddhists, Hindus, and
  Sikhs to the country. Nearly 13 percent of
  Canadians claim no religion.

Cathedral of St.John.
10
Museums and Libraries

• Of Canada's more than 2100 museums, archives, and
  historic sites, the most important are in the
  National Capital Region. These include, in Hull,
  Quebec, the Canadian Museum of Civilization,
  which celebrates Canada's multicultural heritage
  and, in Ottawa, the Canadian Museum of Nature,
  the National Museum of Science and Technology,
  and the National Gallery of Canada. The latter
  exhibits European art, a growing collection of
  Asian art, and a large body of work by Canadians.
  The National Museum Policy (1972) has encouraged
  and supported the growth of regional museums.
• The National Library of Canada, in Ottawa, issues
  the national bibliography and maintains union
  catalogs of the collections of more than 300
  other libraries. Its holding, including a
  comprehensive collection of Canadian newspapers,
  exceed 14.5 million items. Provinces and cities
  have their own libraries.

The Royal Ontario Museum.
11
Practical part.Questions for discussion

• 1.How many official languages are there in
  Canada?
• 2.Who were the first Europeans who arrieved at
  Canada?
• 3.What country does Canada closely resemble?
• 4.From what traditions is the Canadian system of
  Education derived?
• 5.What is the largest religion community?

12
ConclusionWe were delighted to write on the
subject in which we have a great interest.We did
our best to talk about important matters in a
clear and simple way.Sources of
informationhttp//youreng.narod.ru/canada.htmlh
ttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CanadaThank you for
your attention!