Freight Planning

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Freight Planning

• Craig ORiley Adam Shell
• Office of Systems Planning

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Overview

• Introductions
• FHWA Video Planning for Progress
• Freight Planning
• Where have we been?
• Where are we going?
• Stakeholders
• Freight Modeling
• Overview
• Data Sources Methods
• Application
• Conclusion

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Freight Planning Where have we been?

• Majority of freight moves on facilities owned by
  State and Local governments
• Prior to 1970s All interstate transportation
  subject to Federal economic regulation
• 1980s Deregulation
• Aviation Deregulation Act 1978
• Motor Carrier Act 1980
• Staggers Rail Act 1980
• Ocean Shipping Act 1984

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Freight Planning Where have we been?

• Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
  (ISTEA)
• Added freight as a factor for states and MPOs to
  consider during their transportation planning
  efforts
• Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century
  (TEA-21)
• Encouraged states and MPOs to include shippers
  and freight service provides in the
  transportation planning process
• Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient
  Transportation Equity Act of the 21st Century
  (SAFETEA-LU)
• Works to enhance the freight planning efforts in
  ISTEA and TEA-21

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Freight Planning Where are we going?
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Freight Planning Where are we going?
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Freight Planning Where are we going?
Iowas Freight Infrastructure

• 114,740 miles of roadways
• 3,947 miles of railways
• 491 miles of navigable waterways
• 29,489 miles of pipelines

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Freight Planning Where are we going?
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Freight Planning Where are we going?
Percent of Total Iowa Freight Tonnage By Mode
Mode 2009 2025 2040 Trend
Truck 87.4 87.7 88.6
Rail 8.4 8.3 7.8
Water 1.5 1.6 1.4
Air gt 0.0 gt 0.0 gt 0.0
Multi Modes Mail 1.7 1.5 1.4
Pipeline 0.9 0.7 0.6
Other Unknown 0.2 0.2 0.2
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Freight Planning Where are we going?
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Freight Planning Where are we going?
Freight vs. Passenger Transportation
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Freight Planning Where are we going?
Freight vs. Passenger Transportation
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Freight Planning Where are we going?
Freight Stakeholders

• Public Sector
• Federal, state, local transportation planning
  agencies
• Economic development and trade organizations
• Federal, state, local law enforcement
• Non traditional federal, state agencies
• Private Sector
• Shippers and receivers of freight (businesses)
• Freight transportation service providers
• Owners and operators of freight facilities
• Neighborhoods and communities affected by freight
  transportation

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Freight Planning Where are we going?
Emerging Issues

• Infrastructure Condition and Capacity
• Funding
• Federal Livability Initiative
• Climate Change / Air Quality
• States Smart Planning Initiative

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Freight Planning Where are we going?
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Freight Planning Where are we going?
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Freight Planning Where are we going?
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Freight Modeling Overview

• The economic competitiveness of our state is
  directly linked to how, why and where our
  businesses move their goods. Understanding these
  freight movements enables us to target policies
  and resources at highway, rail, water, and air
  corridors that will improve the States
  competitive position.
• - Elwyn Tinklenberg , MN DOT Commissioner of
  Transportation

Source 2000 MN DOT Statewide Multimodal Freight
Flows Study
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Freight Modeling Overview

• Factors affecting freight demand
• Freight Transportation Modes
• Air cargo jets (Modal Characteristics Graphic)
• Road commercial vehicles (CV) or semi-trucks
• Rail freight trains
• Water barges and ships (Compare Graphic)
• Data Sources Methods
• Application

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Freight Modeling Goods Modal Characteristics
Source 2007 QRFM II Incorporating Freight into
Four-Step Travel Forecasting
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Freight Modeling Overview

• Factors affecting freight demand
• Freight Transportation Modes
• Air cargo jets (Modal Characteristics Graphic)
• Road commercial vehicles (CV) or semi-trucks
• Rail freight trains
• Water barges and ships (Compare Graphic)
• Data Sources Methods
• Application

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Freight Modeling Overview

• Factors affecting freight demand
• Economy (volume of goods produced vs. consumed)
• Industrial Location Patterns (spatial
  distribution)
• Globalization of Business
• Just-in-Time (JIT) Inventory Practices (Inventory
  and Production in sync)
• Centralized Warehousing (Increased use of 3PLs)
• Fuel Prices
• Truck Size Weight Limits (Increased payload
  requires less trips and in return lowers
  operating costs)
• Congestion
• Technology

Source Quick Response Freight Manual. FHWA.
1996. pp. 2-3 to 2-10.
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Freight Modeling Data Sources Methods

• Data Sources (many available.sort of! ?)
• Carload Waybill Sample
• Commodity Flow Survey (CFS)
• Freight Analysis Framework (FAF)
• LTL Commodity and Market Flow Database
• National Transportation Statistics (NTS)
• Limitations
• Emphasis toward national and statewide
• Frequency of data
• Potential bias due to survey methods, unreliable
  estimates, or lack of freight modal coverage

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Freight Modeling Data Sources Methods

• Methods
• Simple Growth Factor
• Incorporating Freight into Four-Step Model
  Process
• Commodity Models
• Hybrid Approaches
• Economic Activity Models

Source Quick Response Freight Manual II. FHWA.
2007.
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Freight Modeling Application

• Truck sub-model
• Trip Generation
• Stratify Employment by Industry Classes (NAICS)
• Agriculture, Mining, Construction
• Manufacturing, Transportation, Communication,
  Utils, Trade
• Retail Trade
• Office Services
• Determine appropriate truck classes (Small,
  Medium, Heavy)
• Calculate attractions by TAZ and set productions
  equal

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Freight Modeling Application
Truck Trips Rates

• Trip Generation
• Trip Rates

Source Quick Response Freight Manual. FHWA.
1996. p. 4-4.
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Freight Modeling Application

• Trip Distribution
• Gravity Model
• Friction Factors (shortest path time adjustment)

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Freight Modeling Application

• Traffic Assignment
• Preload with All-or-Nothing method
• Model Validation
• Many tests similar to auto model validation.
• Each step of process (Trip Gen, Distro,etc)
• Compare observed data to modeled output
• Compute statistics.
• And compare to other regions of similar size
• By varying levels of area type, geography, or
  truck type
• Scenario Tests Performance Measures

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Sources to consider

• FHWA Talking Freight Seminars
• http//www.fhwa.dot.gov/freightplanning/talking.ht
  m
• Freight Model Improvement Program (FMIP)
• http//www.freight.dot.gov/fmip/index.cfm
• Freight Analysis Framework (FAF)
• http//ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/freight_analysis/f
  af/index.htm
• Quick Response Freight Manual II
• http//ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/publications/qrfm2
  /index.htm

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Conclusion
What are we doing now?

• Iowa DOT Projects
• FRA Grant to update the Iowa Statewide Model
• Rail Plan Update
• Internal Freight Working Group
• Iowa DOT/Iowa DED Moving Iowa Forward Conference
• Freight Report Freight Plan
• Freight Performance Measures
• Iowa DOT Freight Advisory Committee
• Multi-state Corridor Planning
• NASCO
• Mid-America Freight Coalition (MAFC)

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Questions?!

• Craig ORiley
• craig.oriley_at_dot.iowa.gov

• Adam Shell
• adam.shell_at_dot.iowa.gov

Office of Systems Planning Iowa Department of
Transportation