The Work of Streams

1
The Work of Streams
2
Erosion

• Usually happen by streams flowing through their
  channels and lifting loose particles by abrasion,
  grinding, and by dissolving soluble material.
• Ex. Like how sandpaper grinds down wood.

3
Sediment Transport

• Three ways
• 1.) In Solution dissolve load
• Enters through the groundwater
• 2.) In Suspension suspended load
• Carry the largest part of their load this way
• 3.) Scooting/rolling across the bottom bed load
• Solid material to large to be carried in
  suspension

4
Competence and Capacity

• Measures the largest part of the materials that a
  stream can transport.
• Steam Discharge Estimate of how much water can
  flow through in one second.

• The maximum load that the stream can carry
• The greater the volume of water in the stream,
  the greater its capacity for carrying sediment.

5
Deposition

• Occurs when sediments in a stream start to
  deposit because the stream slows down.
• Two types
• 1.) Delta an accumulation of sediment formed
  where a stream enters a lake or ocean.
• When a stream/river enters a lake/ocean
• 2.) Natural Levees a landform that parallels
  some streams. Happens when a stream overflows its
  banks.

6
(No Transcript)
7
Narrow Valley vs. Wide Valley

• A streams primary work has been to down cut to
  the base level.

• More commonly known as a floodplain.

8
Flood Control

• Caused by rapid spring melts or snow storms.
• Three types to control floods
• 1.) Artificial Levees Earth mounds on top of the
  banks of rivers.
• 2.) Flood Control Dam
• 3.) Limiting Development

9
Drainage Basin

• The land area that contributes water to a
  stream/river.

10
Water Beneath the Surface
11
Distribution and Movement

• Soaks into the ground but does not travel far.
• Seeps until it goes to the water table.

• Moves through the pores of the groundwater.
• Porosity percentage of rocks and soil that have
  pores.

12
Springs

• Where ever the water reaches the surface of the
  Earth.
• Spring a naturally flow of groundwater.

13
Hot Springs vs. Geysers

• Warmer than the air temperature around it.

• Intermittent hot spring its on a timer.

14
Wells

• A hole that is bored into the zone of saturation
  (water table).
• Artesian Well any formation in which groundwater
  rises on its own under pressure.

15
Environmental Problems

• Overuse and contamination
• 1.) Treating groundwater like it is a
  nonrenewable resource
• 2.) Groundwater Contamination (pollution)

16
Caverns vs. Sink holes

• A naturally formed underground chamber caused by
  erosion from streams.

• A region where groundwater has removed the rock.