Who was to blame for the first Moroccan Crisis and what impact did it have? C/B aim

1
Who was to blame for the first Moroccan Crisis
and what impact did it have? C/B aim to
explain what happened in Morocco and its
impactB/A aim to explain the events in
Morocco, decide who should be blamed for it and
its impact
Morocco was an independent country in 1777.
However throughout the 19th C the French and
Spanish started showing interest in Morocco.
Spain took over some of it in 1884. In the early
19th C it was one of the few countries in Arica
yet to be completely taken over due to the Sultan
playing the Europeans off against each other.
France declared their interest in 1899 when
Declasse, the French Foreign Minister publicly
said they planned to take it over. In 1900 and
1901 France and Italy agreed that France could
take Morocco. In 1904 Britain and France agreed
that France could have Morocco as long as France
gave up any of their desires in Egypt.
Which country (or countries) would be unhappy in
1904 and why?
2
Homework due Monday 10th November

• How did European agreements affect European
  relations?
• What was the First Moroccan Crisis?
• What was the Second Moroccan Crisis?
• What impact would these crises have?

3

• The Kaiser publicly stated that Germany wanted
  equal economic rights in Morocco
• Bulow and the German Foreign Ministry wanted to
  take over Morocco to stop France getting too
  powerful
• Bulow managed to convince the Moroccan sultan to
  stand up to the French

4
First Moroccan Crisis

• In 1905 the Kaiser was on holiday. Bulow arranged
  for him to visit Tangier in Morocco. Bulow wanted
  the Kaiser to do this to show that the Germans
  supported the Sultans anti-French sentiments.
  The Kaiser was reluctant as he felt his life
  would be in danger in Tangier.
• The Kaiser did land in Tangier. He then rode to
  the German embassy and announced that he hoped
  Morocco would remain an independent state ruled
  over by the Sultan, that Germany knew how to
  safeguard her interests and expected everybody to
  recognise these interests. This was clearly aimed
  at the French.

List all the countries that could be to blame for
the Crisis. How do you judge who should
ultimately be to blame? Which would you
ultimately place the blame with?
5

• The national press in France was horrified by
  these events as they had assumed that French
  control over Morocco was a formality. Declassé
  also openly spoke out against the German move in
  Tangier and the comments made by the Kaiser. In
  London the government was also angered by the
  German move and made it known that Great Britain
  would not accept a German port in Morocco as it
  could too easily be turned into a full-blown
  naval port that would threaten Gibraltar. In May
  1905 it was agreed that an international
  conference should be held on Morocco. 
• In 1906 at the Algeciras Conference Germany
  initially hoped that Britain would side with them
  against France and support German interests.
  However, it became clear that Britain wouldnt do
  this. Then the Germans hoped that if they gave
  the French whatever they wanted they could take
  France away from Britain, isolate Britain, and
  build an alliance with France and even Russia and
  Turkey (who were feeling weak and may have wanted
  to ally with the Germans). However, the French
  retained their anti-German sentiments.
• It was agreed that Morocco should stay under
  French influence and the French should control
  the ports. The French media portrayed Germany as
  an inferior nation and Britain and France got
  closer. They would sign the Triple Entente a year
  later. The British foreign minister also realised
  that Germany was being very aggressive and tried
  to do anything possible to avoid their
  aggression.

Explain what happened in the first crisis. Is
there anyone else you could blame? Could you add
anything to these notes? Who would you
ultimately blame?
6

• Period 2 work
• Complete these questions using all the
  information if you havent done so already.
• List all the countries that could be to blame for
  the Crisis.
• How do you judge who should ultimately be to
  blame?
• Which would you ultimately place the blame with?
• List all the international impacts the First
  Moroccan Crisis would have had.
• How did the Moroccan Crisis affect the
  Anglo-German relationship and alliance?
• Could any of the impacts of the Moroccan Crisis
  have contributed to WWI?
• How significant was the Moroccan Crisis for the
  outbreak of WWI? Include Alliances and the
  Anglo-German relationship in your answer.

7

• Period 2 work
• How far do these two sources agree in their
  assessment of whether the Moroccan Crisis
  contributed to WWI?
• Write one paragraph including...
• Quotes showing a direct disagreeing cross
  reference
• Explain how they are different
• Explain which one is stronger, using explanation
  and own knowledge

8
Homework due Monday 17th November

• Read the pages and answer
• Who does the author believe is to blame for both
  of the Moroccan Crisis?
• What does the author believe is significant about
  both of the Moroccan Crisis?

9

• Ill email Thursdays lesson to you and put it on
  the website.

10
The Second Moroccan Crisis

• German military figures had gained in influence
  and France had a greater nationalistic outlook
• In Fez, near Agadir port, riots occurred due to
  problems in Morocco in 1911. The French sent in
  troops to keep control of the port as had been
  agreed in the Algeciras Conference. However, the
  Germans thought the French would use it to take
  control of Morocco.
• The Germans decided to send a warship, they
  didnt want to send troops as it would antagonise
  the French and they didnt want to do nothing as
  this would antagonise Moltke and the other
  influential German military leaders.

List all the countries that could be to blame for
the Crisis. Which would you ultimately place the
blame with?
11

• Talks were called. The Germans stated that they
  wanted the French Congo in exchange for French
  Control in Morocco. The French werent keen but
  did keep the talks going. Britain sent a note to
  Germany saying that they didnt want war over
  Morocco. However, the Times published an article
  raising the alarm over Germanys requests,
  arguing that the British empire in Sub-Saharan
  Africa was at risk. The Germans complained about
  the article. The Chancellor of the Exchequer then
  said it would be a humiliation intolerable for a
  great country like ours to endure if Germany got
  the French Congo.
• The British media presented a more hawkish front.
  It was reported that Churchill had completed
  plans for a British expeditionary force and that
  he had ensured the protection of the Royal Navys
  cordite supply against suspected German sabotage.
  It was also reported that the Royal Navy had been
  put on full alert. This approach by the British
  media forced Foreign Secretary Grey into
  announcing that he would not send Royal Navy
  warships to Morocco but that he would monitor
  what was happening in Africa with great care and
  caution so that British interests were not
  threatened.
• On September 1st 1911 negotiations between France
  and Germany came to an abrupt halt. This resulted
  in the stock market in Berlin crashing. It showed
  just how sensitive the situation had become as
  the only reason the negotiations had halted was
  because of an illness to French diplomatist
  Cambon. Others misread the situation. By November
  1911, both Germany and France had come to a
  conclusion over their particular stance in
  Africa. France handed to Germany over 107,000
  square miles of land, which the French media
  portrayed as a few acres of swamp. Germany
  handed over to France 6,450 square miles of land
  in the Upper Cameroons. But neither the Congo nor
  Morocco turned out to be economic goldmines.

Explain what happened in the second crisis. Is
there anyone else you could blame? Could you add
anything to these notes? Who would you
ultimately blame?
12
What impact did the second Moroccan Crisis have?