OLH Unit 1

1
OLH Unit 1

• Introduction

2
Words to Master

• antiqua, adj., ancient, old (antique)
• et, conj., and etet, bothand
• lata, adj., broad, wide (latitude)
• lingua, -ae, f., tongue, language (linguist)
• magna, adj., large, great (magnitude)
• multa, adj., much pl., many (multitude)
• non, adv., not (nonentity)
• puella, -ae, f., girl
• pulchra, adj., pretty, beautiful (pulchritude)
• sed, conj., but
• via, -ae, f., road, street, way (viaduct)
• villa, -ae, f., farmhouse, country house, farm
  (villa)

3
Sentence Patterns

• Via est (is) via Romana (Roman).
• Via Romana non est lata.
• Via Romana non est lata sed est pulchra.
• Viae Romanae sunt (are) pulchrae sed sunt
  antiquae.
• Multae villae Romanae sunt magnae et pulchrae.
• Lingua Romana est antiqua et pulchra.
• Viae et villae et puellae Romanae sunt pulchrae.

4

• The farmhouse is a Roman farmhouse.
• The Roman farmhouse is large and beautiful.
• Many farmhouses are broad and large.
• The Roman language is ancient, but it is (est)
  beautiful.
• The streets are not wide, but they are pretty.

5
The Genitive Case

• The possessive case
• In English, possession or ownership is indicated
  by the letter -s, used as either as s or s
• the farmers cottage/the cottage of the farmer
  (singular)
• the farmers cottage/the cottage of the farmers
  (plural)

6
Possessive Adjectives

• mea my
• tua your (sing.)
• nostra our
• vestra your (pl.)

7
Person, Number, and Gender

• Person
• 1st Person I, we
• 2nd Person you
• 3rd Person he, she, it, they
• Number
• Singular (1)
• Plural (more than 1)
• Gender
• Masculine
• Feminine
• Neuter

8
Words to Master

• domina, -ae, f. mistress, lady
• femina, -ae, f. woman (feminine)
• incola, -ae, m. f. inhabitant (colony)
• insula, -ae, f. island (insulate)
• libera, adj. free (liberate)
• paene, adv. almost
• paeninsula, -ae, f. peninsula
• parva, adj., small, little
• patria, -ae, f., fatherland, country, native
  land (repatriate)
• -que, conj. and
• regina, -ae, f. queen
• serva, -ae, f., female slave, handmaid
  (servile)
• terra, -ae, f. earth, land, country (territory)
  

9
Sentence Patterns

• America, patria nostra, est terra libera
  magnaque.
• Hibernia, terra libera, est insula parva sed
  pulchra.
• Insula tua, O Regina, est pulchra et libera!
• Domina est incola Italiae magnae paeninsulae.
• Patria mea est paeninsula patria tua non est
  paeninsula.

10
Homework Translate into Latin

• The inhabitants of America are free.
• Beautiful Italy is almost an island.
• Greece, a country of Europe, is a small
  peninsula.
• The women of our native land are beautiful.
• O Lady, your slaves are small my slaves are
  large.

11
Verbs

• A verb is the MOST IMPORTANT word of a Latin
  sentence
• It tells what the subject does or what is done to
  the subject
• Linking Verbs
• Do not express feeling or action
• Verbs that LINK the subject with a noun or
  adjective in the predicate
• Nouns or adjectives that follow linking verbs
  are ALWAYS nominative and agree with the subject
  
• Action Verbs
• Express action
• Agreement
• A verb must agree with its subject in person
  (1st/2nd/3rd) and number (singular/plural)

12
Personal Endings

• Singular Plural
• 1st Person -o or -m (I) -mus (we)
• 2nd Person -s (you-s) -tis (you-pl)
• 3rd Person -t (he/she/it) -nt (they)

13
Conjugation of the verb SUM to be
14
SUM facts about SUM

• Any form of the verb sum may be used to link the
  predicate noun or adjective with the subject
• The predicate nominative agrees with the subject
  in case, and usually in gender and number
• The predicate adjective agrees with the subject
  in gender, number, and case
• E.g., Italia est paeninsula. Italy is a
  peninsula.
• E.g., Europa et America sunt magnae. Europe and
  America are large.

15
The Ablative Case

• Used with certain prepositions, mostly with,
  from, by, or in.
• Ablative of Place Where
• Used when a noun is in the ablative case with the
  preposition in
• E.g., Roma in Italia est. Rome is in Italy.

16
Practice

• Hibernia et Britannia sunt insul__.
• Patria nostr__ est terr__ liber__.
• Vit__ mea in silv__ magna est libera.
• Non sum puell__ parv__.
• Estis amicae nostr__.
• Sum fili__ laeta agricol__.
• Es quoque amic__ naut__.
• In cas__ sunt multae serv__.

17
Origins of Roman Mythology

• Numina spirits attributed to all forces of
  nature, whether good or bad
• Images of numina created and worshipped
• Priest led rites of worship
• Augurs watched the flights of birds with studied
  care
• Haruspices examined the entrails of animals in
  order to interpret omens

18
Practice Patterns

• The queen is beautiful.
• You are not little girls.
• We are farmers.
• I am happy in my hut.
• It is not a peninsula.
• Italy is a beautiful country.
• There are many large islands.
• We are not slaves but free.
• You (sing.) are happy in your hut.
• It is a large hut in the forest.

19
Ablative Case Ablative of Place Where
20
Practice Patterns

• In America vita est laeta.
• Romae sunt multae viae.
• Agricolae in silvis non sunt.
• In insula feminae pulchrae multaeque sunt.
• Athenis sunt servae.
• Amica mea est in casa.

21
Practice Patterns

• The girls are in the cottage.
• Athens is in Greece.
• On the island are many sailors.
• They live in Athens.
• The women are in the forest.
• My friends live in Rome.

22
Words to Master

• agricola, -ae, m. farmer (agriculture)
• amica, -ae, f. friend (amicable)
• casa, -ae, f. cottage, hut (casino)
• cum, prep. with abl., with, together, with
• filia, -ae, f., daughter
• dat. and abl., filiabus (filial)
• in, prep. with abl., in, on
• with acc., into, to, against
• laeta, adj., happy, glad, joyful
• laetitia, -ae, f., joy
• nauta, -ae, m., sailor (nautical)
• provincia, -ae, f., province (provincial)
• quoque, conj. also (never stands first in clause)
• silva, -ae, f., forest, woods (sylvan)
• vita, -ae, f. life (vital)

23
Voice, Mood, and Tense

• Voice the way of speaking that shows whether
• The subject performs the action (ACTIVE)
• The girl loves.
• The subject receives the action (PASSIVE)
• The girl is loved.
• Mood the manner of expressing the action of the
  verb as a
• Fact (INDICATIVE)
• Command (IMPERATIVE)
• Wish (SUBJUNCTIVE)
• Tense tells time
• There are 6 tenses in the indicative mood in both
  Latin and English

24
Present Tense

• (1) Simple present I call voco
• (2) Progressive present I am calling voco
• (3) Emphatic present I do call voco

25
1st Conjugation
26
Practice

• Conjugate the following verbs (1/person)
• amo, amare love, like
• ambulo, ambulare walk
• curo, curare take care of
• habito, habitare live, dwell
• laudo, laudare praise
• porto, portare carry
• specto, spectare look at
• voco, vocare call

27
Homework

• Vocabulary quiz Thursday
• Latin Club Thursday
• Complete p. 21, Ex. B

28
Words to Master

• ad, prep. with acc., to, toward, near
• ambulo (1) walk, march (perambulator)
• amo (1) love, like (amiable)
• bona, adj. good (bonus)
• bene, adv. well (benefactor)
• cura, -ae, f. care (cure)
• curo (1), take care of (curator)
• habito (1), live, dwell (habitation)
• laudo (1) praise (laud)
• misera, adj., wretched, unhappy, unfortunate
  (miserable)porto (1) carry (portable)
• specto (1) look at, watch (spectator)
• voco (1) call, summon (vocation)

29
The Dative Case

• The indirect object
• The noun or pronoun to or for whom something is
  given, shown, or said
• The lady gives a rose to the slave.
• The lady gives the slave a rose.

30
Ways of expressing TO in Latin

• (1) with the infinitive
• to call (vocare)
• (2) with the indirect object
• to the slave (servae)
• (3) after verbs of motion toward
• to the hut (ad casam)

31
The Dative Case Endings
32
The First Declension
33
Words to Master

• alba (adj.) white (album)
• cara (adj.) dear (caress)
• de (prep with abl.) down from, concerning, about
• do (1) irreg. give (data)
• e, ex (prep. with abl.) out of, from
• fabula, -ae, f. story, tale (fable)
• narro (1) tell, narrate (narrator)
• navigo (1) sail, sail over (navigate)
• pecunia, -ae, f. money (pecuniary)
• poeta, -ae, m. poet
• prope (prep. with acc.) near adv., nearly,
  almost
• propinqua (adj.) near, nearby with dat., near to
  (propinquity)
• rogo (1) with two accusatives, ask, ask for,
  inquire (rogation)