Blood lab

1
Blood lab
2
Blood composition

• Plasma fluid, gives volume contains antibodies
• Platelets helps in clotting of blood
• White blood cells used in defense against
  foreign invaders
• Red blood cells carry oxygen

Blood after it has been centrifuged
3
Blood Genetics

• In blood type genetics, there are
• ____________ genes OR alleles that
• Produce ____________ blood proteins that
• Result in ____________ blood types that
• Establish ____________ genotypes

THREE
TWO
FOUR
SIX
See wkst 4
4
TERMS TO KNOW

• Protein- antigen (ag) or agglutinogens
• Antibodies- agglutinin- fight against foreign
  particles
• Coagulation Blood clotting
• Agglutination Blood clumping
• RBC Red blood Cell

5
RBC Has Antigens
6
Blood Groups Are Based On RBC Antigens (Ag)
A Ag
Rh Antigen
7
Blood Groups B and B-
B Ag
Rh Antigen
8
Blood Groups AB and AB-
A Ag
B Ag
Rh Antigen
9
Blood Groups O and O-
Rh Antigen
10
Plasma Has Antibodies
http//www.lrc.arizona.edu/courses/mmiweb/lake/imm
unology_modules/hemagglutination/hema2.html
11
Remember RBC Has Antigens
12
Antibodies Can Bind To Antigens
13
Clumping of Blood
14
Possible Genotypes AA AO BB BO AB OO
RBC Antigen (Agglutinogen) A A B B AB None
Plasma Antibodies(Agglutininins) Anti B Anti B Anti A Anti A None both
Reaction with Anti A YES YES
Reaction with Anti B
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
15
RECIPIENT
Type A (anti B) Type B (anti A) Type AB (none) Type 0 (anti A Anti B)
A
B
AB
O
DONOR
-
-


-


-
-



-
-
-
-
16
Rh Factor
Blood Type
Positive Negative
Genotype(s)
Antigens (yes or no)
Agglutinins (antibodies)
RR, Rr
rr
yes
no
anti Rh
no
Moms that have Rh negative blood will have
antibodies/ fight against a baby with the Rh
protein (positive).
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1st Baby Is Rh Mom is Rh -
Babys blood enters moms blood, transferring Rh
Antigens to mom
18
1st Baby Is Rh Mom Is Rh -
Mom Makes Antibodies against Rh Antigens In Her
Blood
19
2nd Baby Is Also Rh
Moms Antibodies Attack The RBCs In The 2nd Baby
20
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
21
Anti Rh Antibodies (Rhogam)
22
Rhogam Destroys Rh Antibodies In Mom
23
1st Baby Is Rh
Rhogam prevents Mom From Making Antibodies
against Rh Antigens
24
2nd Baby Is Also Rh
With Rhogam, Moms Blood Does Not Attack The
RBCs In The 2nd Baby
25
Jaundice in Infants

• Complications Due to ABO Incompatibility Are Rare!

26
RXN
NORXN
TYPE O
TYPE A
TYPE B
TYPE AB
http//waynesword.palomar.edu/aniblood.htm