Industrialization and Immigration

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Industrialization and Immigration
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Industry and Mechanization

• Standard parts
• Mass production
• Routine labor
• Low wages
• Technology

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Child Labor

• Factory hours were long and rarely paid much
• Often all members of a family would have to work
  including very young children
• Shifts were usually 10 to 14 hours and the
  children were paid around 30 to 75 cents a day
• Many children were injured at work, losing limbs
  or contracting disease

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Newsies
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Factory Workers
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Boy Coal Miners
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Boy Coal Miners
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Coal Shifters
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Bowling Pin Setters
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Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

• A fire broke out in a shirt factory where women
  worked
• Factory managers would lock the doors to keep the
  women from going out on breaks
• Someone put a cigarette in a trash can where it
  caught on fire and burned down the whole building
• Women jumped to their deaths rather than burn

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  Corporations

•  Andrew Carnegie
• U.S. Steel (1870s)
• John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil (1880s)
• J.P. Morgan
• Finance, Railroad,
• U.S. Steel (1900s)

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Standard Oil
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Railroad 1870s
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Railroad 1890s
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Social Darwinism and Laissez Faire

• Theory of capitalism
• Free markets no government
• intervention
• Consumer demand
• Competition creates innovation
• and keeps prices low

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The Food Industry

• Upton Sinclair was an author who wrote the book
  The Jungle
• The purpose of The Jungle was to show Americans
  the terrible working conditions of the workers in
  the meat packaging plants
• I aimed at the publics heart, and by accident I
  hit it in the stomach
• This kind of writing became known as muckraking

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Inventions

• Bessemer Process creates stronger steel
• Pressure sealed tin cans
• Alternating currents Nikola Tesla
• Technology begins to replace workers

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Urbanization

• Manufacturing brought people into the cities
• Industrialization Growth in cities
• Technological advances sewage, elevators, piped
  water, electricity, subways, electric streetcar
  (1888)

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City Life

• Fast growing
• Few social services or regulations
• Tenement buildings horrible living conditions
• Ethnically organized usually by areas of town
  or neighborhoods

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Tenement Housing
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Immigration

• Why did people leave their homes?
• What were the costs and benefits of moving?

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Ellis Island

• By 1892, most immigrants were screened and
  processed at Ellis Island
• By 1900, 50 of immigrants were from Eastern and
  Southern Europe

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Angel Island
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Industrialization Immigration
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Why did they come to the U.S.?

• Political and religious freedom
• Better economic opportunities
• Gold Rush
• Encouraging letters from relatives
• U.S. Government advertisements
• U.S. business recruitment

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American Protective Association

• Americans formed groups to opposed the immigrant
  threat
• Supported laws to restrict certain groups of
  immigrants.
• Immigrant groups Chinese, Central and Southern
  Europeans.
• Why did Old Immigrants resent New Immigrants?
• inferior stocks
• Plot by European governments to unload their
  prisoners and mentally ill.
• Chinese worked for 5 years and left the U.S. with
  U.S. money
• Labor Unions hated immigrants because employers
  would hire scab labor to replace workers if
  they had a Labor Strike
• US Govt. restricts immigration with the
  following
• Chinese Exclusion Act and Ellis Island

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Immigration and National Culture

• Between 1870 1910 20 million immigrants came
  to America
• Bringing with them new cultures (foods,
  religions, traditions, languages, etc.)
• Assimilation We wanted immigrants to forget
  their old way of life and become AMERICANS.
• We even offered Americanization schools teaching
  English and American Culture

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Nativism
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Closure

• Give 3 examples of Industrialization and
  Mechanization.
• Who were the big three corporate leaders? What
  were they each the leader of?
• What effect did industrialization have on cities?
• What were the two ports immigrants came through?
• What is assimilation?
• Write a paragraph explaining the Nativist
  political cartoon.