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Anatomy and Physiology

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Anatomy and Physiology Digestion and Absorption Periodontal Disease Mainly caused by bacteria: Peptostreptococcus, Actinomyces, and Porphyromonas Treatment: Dental ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Anatomy and Physiology


1
Anatomy and Physiology
  • Digestion and Absorption

2
Mastication
  • Mechanical reduction of the ingested food
    particles
  • Food is mixed with saliva forming a bolus
  • Tongue (muscular organ) moves food around mouth
    to form and push bolus down esophagus

3
Tongue
  • Taste buds more discriminatory when food is in
    a native or unprocessed state (able to
    distinguish between harmful and proper foods)

4
Taste Buds
  • Humans
  • 5-6 types of taste buds sour, bitter, salty,
    umami (meatiness) and sweet (possibly fat)
  • sweet receptor made up of two coupled proteins
    generated by two separate genes
  • Tas1r2 and Tas1r3

5
Cats Cant Taste Sweet
  • Cats have about 470 taste buds
  • lack 247 base pairs of the amino acids that make
    up the DNA of the Tas1r2 gene
  • does not code for the proper protein
  • Why do you think it is a good thing that cats
    cant taste sweet things?

6
Cats Cant Taste Sweet
  • cats can taste things humans cannot
  • ATP
  • signal for meat
  • most major pet food manufacturers use corn or
    other grains in their meals
  • Cat food 20 carbohydrates
  • Is this causing diabetes in cats?

7
Cats Cant Taste Sweet
  • The suggestion that cats may have difficulty
    adapting to high-carbohydrate meals appears to be
    based on two observations
  • (1) cats lack glucokinase, an enzyme used to
    phosphorylate glucose inside cells
  • (2) cats lack salivary amylase and, compared with
    dogs, may have lower activities of the enzymes
    involved in carbohydrate digestion

8
Cats Cant Taste Sweet
  • For glucose to be used by a cell, it must enter
    the cell and be phosphorylated by glucokinase
  • Lacking glucokinase activity, cats rely on other
    enzymes, including hexokinase
  • less efficient than glucokinase when glucose
    concentrations are high, cats have considerably
    more hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate
    kinase enzyme activities than dogs

9
Dogs Cant Taste Salt
  • Dogs have only about 1,700 taste buds that people
    (10,000) do, and their distinct sense of taste
    is actually quite poor

10
Diseases of the Oral Cavity
  • Oral Tumor can arise from the bone, teeth or
    soft tissue structures of the lower (mandible) or
    upper (maxilla) jaw, or the tongue or pharynx

11
Oral Tumors
  • most are malignant
  • malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma
    are the most common oral tumors in dogs
  • squamous cell carcinoma is the most common oral
    tumor in cats

12
Oral Tumors
  • Diagnosis
  • Physical exam
  • Blood tests
  • Aspiration
  • MRI
  • Chest X-rays
  • Treatment
  • Surgery
  • Radiation
  • Chemotherapy

13
Periodontal Disease
  • Preventable
  • Shows up at 3-4 years of age
  • Clinical Signs
  • Inflamed gums
  • Tartar build up
  • Loose teeth
  • Difficulty eating
  • Halitosis

14
Periodontal Disease
  • Mainly caused by bacteria Peptostreptococcus,
    Actinomyces, and Porphyromonas
  • Treatment
  • Dental cleaning (vet)
  • Brush teeth daily (home)
  • Diet (tartar contro, i.e. T/D)
  • Tooth extraction

15
Stomatitis
  • Painful, inflammation of the mouth
  • Potential to be fatal

16
Periodontal Disease
  • Periodontal disease can lead to heart disease
  • and kidney disease if left untreated
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